高考英语二轮训练专题五书面表达第二讲含答案.docx
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高考英语二轮训练专题五书面表达第二讲含答案
2019高考英语二轮训练:
专题五书面表达第二讲含答案
从近五年江苏高考分析,高考书面表达主要考查读写任务型作文。
读写任务型作文的写作内容一般分为两部分:
写作内容一为摘要写作,即概括短文大意;写作内容二,就某个主题发表个人看法。
“读写任务”是“读”和“写”的有机结合,“读”的材料是为后面的“写”提供情景;同样,“写”也是对“读”的材料的思考和延伸。
读写任务型作文主要以记叙文和议论文为主。
从近五年江苏高考书面表达来看,都是议论性的读写任务型作文。
记叙文体的阅读材料,在写概要前,除明确文章主题外,还应抓住六个要素:
when,where,who,what,why,how。
在这六个要素中,所占内容比重较大的是what,学生最容易犯的错误就是把what写得太详细。
一般来说,记叙文的故事概要可以用这样的模板来表示:
1.没有寓意只单纯介绍事件的记叙文摘要要素:
人物——事件——结果
2.篇末有表示文章内涵的记叙文摘要要素:
人物——事件——结果——启示
记叙文摘要可以用下列句式开头:
Thewritertellsushisexperience...
Theauthorshareshisexperiences...
Fromthepassage,weknowthat...
Thepassagetellsusthat...
当然,不是说每个故事概要都包含how或why,有时两者选其一即可。
请阅读下面短文,然后以约30个单词概括下文的主要内容。
A__father__came__home__from__work__late,tired__and__exhausted.Heworkeddayandnight,hopingtoearnmoremoneyforhisonlychild.His__5-year-old__daughterwaswaitingforhimatthedoor.
“Dad,how__much__do__you__earn__an__hour?
”askedthedaughter.
“Whydoyouaskthat?
”
“Ijustwanttoknow.Pleasetellmehowmuchyouearnanhour.”
“Ifyoureallywanttoknow...Iearn$20anhour.”
“Oh,”thelittlegirlrepliedwithherheaddown.Lookingup,shesaid,“Dad,may__I__borrow__$10?
”
Thefatherbecameangry.“Gotobedrightnow!
Thinkabouthowselfishyouare.Iworkhardeveryday,butyoujustwanttobuyyoursillytoy!
”
Thelittlegirlquietlywenttoherbedroom,feelingsad.Afteranhourorso,thefathercalmeddownandstartedtofeelsorrybecauseshereallydidn’taskformoneyveryoften.Sohewenttohisdaughter’sroomandgaveher$10.
Thelittlegirljumpedfromthebed.“Oh,thankyou,Dad!
”Shewasreallyhappyindeed.
Thenshetookoutherownsavingsandsaid,“Dad,Ihave$20now.Can__I__buy__an__hour__of__your__time?
Pleasecomehomeearliertomorrow.I__would__like__to__have__dinner__with__you.”
[材料分析] 这是一篇小女孩想购买父亲的时间,渴望得到父亲陪伴的记叙文。
首先我们先找出记叙文的六要素:
who
agirlandherfather
when
atthetimewhenherfathercamehomefromwork
where
athome
what
Thegirlborrowed$10fromherfatherandwantedtobuyanhourfromherfather.
列出了要点之后,我们就可以用自己的话将要点组织起来,概括成一段约30个词的通顺文段:
Inthispassage,thewritermainlytellsusaboutalittlegirl,whowantedtobuysometimefromherbusyfathersothathecouldaccompanyher.
请用约30个单词概述短文信息的主要内容。
Oncetherelivedaveryrichandpowerfulking.Allthepeopleinhiskingdomwereafraidofhim.Butwashehappy?
No,hewasalwaysillandunhappy.Hismoneyandpowercouldnothelphim.Thedoctorinhiskingdomcouldnotcurehim,either.Hewassoangrywiththemthathehadtheirheadscutoff.
Onedaytwofamousdoctorsfromanotherkingdomcametohispalace.
“Ifyoucancuremeandmakemehappy,”saidtheking,“Iwillgiveyouallthegoldyoucancarry.”
Thefirstdoctorexaminedtheking.Hefoundnothingwrongwithhimsohesaidtotheking,“Youonlythinkyouareillandthatmakesyourselfunhappy.”
Thekingwasveryangrywhenheheardthis.Hetoldhissoldierstocutoffthedoctor’shead.
Theseconddoctorknewhehadtobecareful.“Oh,king.Youwillbewellifyouweartheshoesofamanwhoisalwayshappy.”hesaid.Thekingwaspleasedwithhisanswerandthoughtthatthedoctorwasverywise.Hegavethedoctorabagofgold.
Thekingaskedhundredsofpeopleiftheywerealwayshappy.Theyallsaidtheyweresometimeshappyandsometimessad.Atlasthemetabeggarwhosaidthathewasalwayshappy.
“Givemeyourshoesquickly,”saidtheking.“AndIwillmakeyouaveryrichman.”Thebeggarlaughed,“Iamsorry,”heanswered,“Ineverwearshoes!
”
【参考答案】
Astheabovestorygoes,theking,whowasrichandpowerful,wasnothappyatallwhilethebeggarclaimedhewasalwayshappy,indicatingthatwealthdoesn’tmeanhappiness.
说明文通常会有明确的主题句,先抓住关键词,并根据各段落的主题,有序地组织语言,完整地表达出文章的中心内容。
如果是分析型说明文,概括时要找出文章所说明的现象、产生的原因及解决的方法或建议,然后用自己的话将这些信息重组起来。
请阅读下面短文,然后以约30个单词概括下文的主要内容。
Urbanpublicbikeserviceisn’tanewphenomenon.Government-sponsored__public__bike__systems__have__been__introduced__into__many__cities__in__China.Mobike,a__new__kind__of__public__bike__rental__service,started__in__Shanghai__and__has__expanded__to__Beijing.PeoplecanusethisservicebyscanningtheQRcode(二维码)onthebiketounlockthesmartlock.Thestandardcostofthisserviceis1yuanper30minutes.UserscanpaywithpopularmobilepaymentmethodssuchasAlipayandWeChat.Mobikenowhasmorethan10,000bikesinShanghai,allowingmostriderstofindabikeanywherewithinadiameter(直径)of300meters.ManypeoplerideaMobikeforashorttrip,suchasfromhometothesubway,subwaytotheworkplaceortoagrocerystore.ExpertssayMobikeisagoodsupplement(补充)tothepublicbikerentalservicesincecitypeoplearenowfondof“GreenRiding”,andenvironmentally-friendlymeansoftransportation.Justbecauseofthis,the__company__providing__the__service__is__increasing__the__number__by__hundred__every__day.
[材料分析] 短文的开头和结尾(画线句)为中心句。
【参考答案】
Mobike,anewkindofpublicbikerentalservice,hasbeenputintouseinShanghaiandBeijing.Withtheirgreatfavourwithcitypeople,moreMobikeswillbeavailableinthefuture.
请用约30个单词写出下文概要。
ApairofBritishresearcherssaidMondaytheyhadworkedoutasimpleequation(方程式)toquantify(量化)happinessthatcouldputanexactfigureontheemotionalstate.
Afterinterviewing1,000people,theresearchersconcludedthathappinessequalsP+5E+3H.
Intheequation,PstandsforPersonalCharacteristics(outlookonlife,adaptabilityandresilience);EforExistence(health,friendshipsandfinancialstability)andHrepresentsHigherOrder(self-esteem,expectationsandambitions).
Theresearchersaskedinterviewees—amixofmenandwomenallover18yearsold—tochoosefivescenariosthatmadethemmorehappyorlesshappyfromalistof80differentsituations.Theyalsoaskedaseriesofquestionsabouttheirownnatures,outlookandsituations.Notsurprisingly,theresultsshowedthatdifferentpeoplefoundhappinessindifferentways.
【参考答案】
TwoBritishresearchersinterviewed1,000peopleabouttheiropinionsonhappinessandconcludedhappinessequals“P+5E+3H”,asimpleequationtoquantifyhappiness.Anddifferentpeopledefinehappinessdifferently.
议论文体的阅读材料,在写概要前,应该紧紧抓住议论文的文体特点、文章结构和三要素,准确捕捉材料的内容要点。
议论文的结构形式有“总分”、“总分总”、“分总”或“并列”等。
文章的三要素是:
论点、论证、论据。
而三要素中最重要的应是论点,因此,准确把握文章的论点就显得非常重要了。
文章的论点往往在文章的首段或尾段,偶尔也在文章的中间。
在段落中往往又在首句或尾句。
还应特别注意段落中表转折或因果的连词,因为这些词往往会引出文章的论点。
此外,任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的,因此,许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词,即高频词,也叫作关键词。
抓住了它,便容易抓住文章的中心。
一般地说,关键词通常是名词、动词或形容词。
请阅读下面短文,然后以约30个单词概括下文的主要内容。
If__you__ask__people__what__makes__them__happy,you__will__probably__get__many__different__answers__but__there__are__two__fundamental__things__that__will__ensure__happiness.
The__first__part__of__what__makes__people__happy__is__growth.Whenyoufeellikeyouareimprovingyourlife,that’swhenyouarehappy.Itdoesn’tnecessarilymeanthatyouhavetoconstantlybuybiggerandbetterthings.Youneedtofeellikeyouaregrowingonapersonallevel.Youneedtoknowthattheessenceofwhoyouareiscontinuallyimprovinginsomeway.Keeplookingforwaystomakeyourselfbettertodaythanyouwereyesterday.Thiscanmeandifferentthingstodifferentpeoplebutthepointisthatyouhavetofeellikeyouareimprovingandgettingbetterasahumanbeingastimegoesby.
The__second__part__of__what__makes__people__happy__is__the__sense__of__contribution.Everyonewantstobelievethattheywereputheretodosomethinggreat.Aslongasyouknowthatbyyourbeinghere,bydoingwhatyouaredoing,youarehelpingsomeonesomewhere,itwillbringyouhappiness.
Thesearetwowaysofhowtofind__happiness.Arethesetheonlyanswerstowhatmakespeoplehappy?
Thatdependsonhowyoudefinehappiness.
[材料分析] 通读文章可知,happy为本文的关键词,本文为总分结构的“观点对比式议论文”。
1.人们的观点:
Peoplehavedifferentopinionsaboutwhatmakesthemhappy.
2.作者的观点:
Happinesscomesfromtwofundamentalsources.
基于以上分析之后,我们就可以用自己的话将要点组织起来,概括成一段约30个词的通顺文段:
Whilepeoplehavedifferentopinionsaboutwhatmakesthemhappy,thewriterthinksthathappinesscomesfromthetwofundamentalsources:
theimprovementofone’slifeandthesenseofcontribution.
请阅读下面短文,然后以约30个单词概括下文的主要内容。
It’saquestioneverysocialmediauserfacesaftertakingagreatphoto:
ShouldIpostthis?
Orisitgoingtocomebacktoworryme?
Thequestionsgetdoublycomplexwhentheyinvolvechildren.Aparentonaveragewillpostalmost1,000photosofachildonlinebeforethechildturnsfive,accordingtoarecentsurvey.Areparentsputtingkidsatriskbyoversharingonsocialmedia?
Herearetheselectionsoftheviews.
LaurenApfel(US)
Thebigreasontoshareistobuildacommunity.Ilive,forexample,thousandsofmilesfrommyfamily.Inthisatmosphereofmodernparenthood,weallstruggletomakeitthroughtheday,andtheInternethasbecomeasourceofsupport.Intheearlyyearsofmotheringtwins,oneofthethingsthatbroughtmethemosthappinesswaspostingpicturesofthemonFacebook.Sharingthosephotosandengagingwithanonlinecommunitywasalifeline.
Dracarys(China)
Idon’tpostpicturesofmykidsonlinebecauseIdon’tlikeitwhenfriendsofminepostphotosofmeonline.Itfeelswaytoopublicandanexhibitionisttome.SoItreatmykidsthewayIwanttobetreated.Thatisprobablywhattheparentswhoarecomfortablewithonlinephotosthink,too,whentheydecidetoputthephotosoutthere.
【参考答案】
Whileitiscommonforaparenttopostchildren’sphotosonlinenowadays,peopletakedifferentattitudestowardit.Somethinkit’sbeneficialwhileothersareanxiousaboutit.
如果读写任务所给的阅读材料是“图表/图画+文字”,那么务必看清题目的概述要求,是对文字加图表/图画内容进行概述,还是仅概述图画或图表信息。
如果是文字加图表/图画一起概述,那么概述的要点必须包括文字内容与图表信息。
若仅是要求对图表/图画概述,只要描述图画内容即可。
(2018·南京市、盐城市高三二模)
请认真阅读下面有关“不同年龄达到不同能力巅峰”的研究结果,用约30个单词概述图表和下文的主要内容。
“Atalmostanygivenage,mostofusaregettingbetteratsomethingsandworseatothers,”JoshuaHartshorne,anMITcognitivescience