高三任务型阅读复习专题.docx
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高三任务型阅读复习专题
一、高中英语任务型阅读
1.请认真阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意:
每个空格只填1个单词。
Inanidealworld,weusuallygeteighthoursofsleepeverynight,andwakeupwithenoughenergybeforework.Butwhenwe'restrugglingtobalancetheresponsibilitiesofeverydaylife,cuttingbackonsleepseemstobetheonlysolution.Manyofusrelyoncoffeeorenergydrinkstogetusthroughtheday,insteadofmakingsleepapriority.Sadly,asdeliciousasitcanbe,caffeineisnotthesolution.Beingtirednotonlybringsdownourenergylevels,butalsomakesuslessproductiveandlessmotivated.Thereareconcretestepsyoucantakerightnowtorenewyourenergy.
Awarenesscomesfirstbecauseyouhavetounderstandwhat'sgoingonbeforeyoucandoanythingtochangeit.Mostofusaretoobusytonoticehowfatigue(疲劳)reallyaffectsourbodiesandminds.Whatsignsoftroubledoyouregularlydisplay?
Thepatternsofyoursignsoftroublecangiveyoucluesaboutthenegativeeffectsofyourfatigue.Inaddition,it'swisetostartthinkingaboutwhoevercanfeeltheeffectsofyourfatigue.
Reflectingonthechoicesyou'vemadecanprovideclarity,whichwillhelpyoufigureoutwhatneedstobechanged.Duringthisreflection,youwillbeabletounderstandmoreaboutyourselfandwhyyoudothethingsyoudo.Youmaydecidetoforgiveyourselfforthemistakesyou'vemade.Thinkingaboutthepositiveaspectsofyourlifewillmakeyoufeelrefreshedandreadytomoveforward.
Conversingwithothersnotonlyprovidessupport,butalsoleadstonewperspectivesandfeedbackthatcanhelpwithtreatmentandwhatyouneedtoheal.Tostartwith,haveanopenmindandanopenheart.Limitcomplaining.Complaintsmayneedtobeairedinordertorelievepressure,butiftheydominate(占上风),angerwillwin.Tellthetruth.Youdonotneedtotellpeopleeverything,butyoudoneedtobehonest.Listencarefullybecauseitshowsrespect.
Thefourthstepisaboutrenewal—gettingridofwhatisbringingyoudownandmakingafreshstart.It'shelpfultobreaktheprocessdown.Itiseasiertomakesmalladjustmentsthanbigones.Onoccasion,thesmallstepsalonecanremovefatigue.Forinstance,youmaynotneedtochangeyourcareerbutchangeemphasis.Ifyoufeelhopelesslydraggeddownbyfatigue,selfcaremaybethebestprescription.
Fourstepstofightfatigue
Phenomenon
Manypeoplerelyoncoffeeorenergydrinkstoovercomefatigue.
Stepsto
renewingyourenergy
________
●Identifythesignsof________youdisplayregularly,whichcangiveyouinformationaboutthebadeffectsofyourfatigue.
●Thinkaboutthepeoplewhocansenseyourfatigue.
Reflection
●Findoutthethingsthatneed________bythinkingcarefullyaboutthechoicesyou'vemade.
●Think________,andyouwillfeelrefreshedandbereadytomoveforward.
________
●Beopentoothersbutdon't________toomuch.
●Thereisnoneedtotellotherseverythingbutyoudoneedtoshow________bytellingthetruth.
●Showrespectforothersby________carefully.
Planandact
●________yourselfofwhatbringsyoudownandstartafresh.
●Makesmall________oradoptaselfcareattitude.
【答案】Awareness;trouble;changing;positively;Conversation;complain;honesty;listening;Rid;adjustments/changes
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,作者对于如何恢复精力,给出了一些建议和方法。
(1)考查信息提升,根据第二段中的“Awarenesscomesfirstbecauseyouhavetounderstandwhat'sgoingonbeforeyoucandoanythingtochangeit.”意识是第一位的,因为在你做任何事情去改变它之前,你必须先了解发生了什么。
这一部分主要讲了意识,所以填Awareness。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“Whatsignsoftroubledoyouregularlydisplay?
”可知这里填trouble。
(3)考查细心提升。
根据第三段中的“Reflectingonthechoicesyou'vemadecanprovideclarity,whichwillhelpyoufigureoutwhatneedstobechanged.”可知这里意思是仔细思考你所做的选择,找出需要改变的地方。
needdoing需要做某事,该用法是固定用法,所以填changing。
(4)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“Thinkingaboutthepositiveaspectsofyourlifewillmakeyoufeelrefreshedandreadytomoveforward.”可知这里意思是积极地思考,你会感到精神焕发,准备好继续前进。
该空修饰动词Think,用副词,所以填positively。
(5)考查信息提升。
根据第四段中的“Conversingwithothersnotonlyprovidessupport,butalsoleadstonewperspectivesandfeedbackthatcanhelpwithtreatmentandwhatyouneedtoheal.”结合表格中的内容,可知这一部分主要讲了谈话,所以填Conversation。
(6)考查信息提升。
根据第四段“Limitcomplaining.Complaintsmayneedtobeairedinordertorelievepressure,butiftheydominate(占上风),angerwillwin.”可知这里意思是向他人敞开心扉,但不要抱怨太多。
助动词don't后,接动词原形,所以填complain。
(7)考查细节理解。
根据第四段中的“Tellthetruth.Youdonotneedtotellpeopleeverything,butyoudoneedtobehonest.”可知这里意思是没有必要把一切都告诉别人,但是你需要通过讲真话来表现出诚实。
作动词show的宾语,用名词,所以填honesty。
(8)考查细节理解。
根据第四段中的“Listencarefullybecauseitshowsrespect.”可知这里意思是认真倾听,尊重他人。
介词by之后,接v+ing形式,所以填listening。
(9)考查信息提升。
根据最后一段中的“Thefourthstepisaboutrenewal—gettingridofwhatisbringingyoudownandmakingafreshstart.”可知这里意思是摆脱让你沮丧的事情,重新开始。
祈使句用动词原形,所以填Rid。
(10)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“Itiseasiertomakesmalladjustmentsthanbigones.可知这里意思是做一些小的调整或采取自我照顾的态度。
作Make的宾语,用名词,所以填adjustments/changes。
【点评】本题考点涉及信息提升,细节理解和推理判断三个题型的考查,要求考生准确掌握所给材料,结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识,从而做出正确答案。
2.根据短文内容,在相应的横线上写下相关信息,完成对该问题的回答。
Howdoyouproveyoureallyarewhoyousayyouare?
Maybeyouhavemanywaystoproveyouridentity:
abirthcertificate,adriver'slicense,aSocialSecuritycard,orapassport.
Butimaginethatyouareoneoftheonebillionpeopleintheworldmostofthemamongthepoorestwhohavenoofficialidentification.Nobirthcertificates.NoofficialIDdocuments.Nothing.Withoutawaytoprovewhoyouare,youwouldfacehugeproblems:
goingtoschool,seeingadoctor,gettingabankaccount...
Forthelastdecade,NandanNilekanihasbeenworkingtomaketheworld'sinvisiblepeoplevisiblebygivingthemaccesstoofficialidentification.OneofIndia'sleadingtechnologyexperts,NandanjoinedthegovernmenttoleadthelaunchofIndia'snationalbiometricIDsystem,whichusesfingerprintsandotherbiologicalcharacteristicstochecktheidentitiesofthecountry'smorethan1.3billionresidents.ThisIDsystem,knownasAadhaar(Hindifor"foundation"),istheworld'slargestbiometricidentificationsystemandhasbecomeavaluablegovernmentplatformfordeliveringsocialwelfareprogramsandothergovernmentservices.
Now,AadhaarhasenrollednearlyallresidentsofIndia.Withatrustworthysystemtocheckidentitiesofbeneficiariesforeverythingfrompensionstofoodmoneies,thegovernmenthasbeenabletosavebillionsofdollarsbecauseofreducedcheatinganddishonesty.
Ofcourse,India'sIDsystemhasnotbeenwithoutcontroversy.Thereweremanyprivacyconcerns,includingcriticismthattheAadhaarsystemwasamassmonitoringtoolandthatpersonaldatawouldbemisused.Lastyear,alandmarkdecisionbytheSupremeCourtofIndiafoundthattheprogramdidnotviolatetheprivacyrightsofthecountry'sresidents.Butinordertopreventmisuseofpersonaldata,thecourtplacedtightlimitsonhowtheIDsystemcouldbeusedandshared.
AccordingtothelatestdatabytheWorldBank,thereareonebillionpeopleintheworldwithoutanofficialproofofidentity,including45percentofthepopulationinsubSaharanAfricaand17percentofSouthAsia'spopulation.
ThankstotheworkNandanisdoing,theworldismovingclosertothedaywheneveryonewillhaveaccesstoanofficialID.Thesoonerwecanachievethisgoal,thesoonertheworld'spoorestresidentswillnotonlybeabletoprovewhotheyare,butalsorealizetheirdreamsforbetterlives.
(1)HowdoesIndia'sIDsystemchecktheidentitiesoftheresidents?
(不多于7个单词)
(2)WhatisthefunctionofAadhaarasavaluablegovernmentplatform?
(不多于8个单词)
(3)AsforIndia'sIDsystem,whataremanypeopleconcernedabout?
(不多于1个单词)
(4)Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
(不多于6个单词)
【答案】
(1)Byusingfingerprintsandotherbiologicalcharacteristics.
(2)Deliveringsocialwelfareprogramsandothergovernmentservices.
(3)Privacy.
(4)Makingtheworld'sinvisiblepeoplevisible.
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇说明文,世界上有10亿人没有官方身份证明,NandanNilekani一直致力于通过让世界上的"隐形人"获得官方身份证明,从而让他们变得"可见"。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“…leadthelaunchofIndia'snationalbiometricIDsystem,whichusesfingerprintsandotherbiologicalcharacteristicstochecktheidentities…”可知印度的身份识别系统通过指纹和其他生物特征来检查居民的身份。
因此答案为Byusingfingerprintsandotherbiologicalcharacteristics.
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的'hisIDsystem,knownasAadhaar(Hindifor"foundation"),istheworld'slargestbiometricidentificationsystemandhasbecomeavaluablegovernmentplatformfordeliveringsocialwelfareprogramsandothergovernmentservices.’可知Aadhaar作为一个有价值的政府平台,其功能是提供社会福利项目和其他政府服务。
因此答案为Deliveringsocialwelfareprogramsandothergovernmentservices.
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第五段中的“Thereweremanyprivacyconcerns,includingcriticismthattheAadhaarsystemwasamassmonitoringtoolandthatpersonaldatawouldbemisused.”可知有很多隐私问题,包括批评Aadhaar系统是一个大规模的监控工具,个人数据会被滥用。
所以许多人们关注的问题是隐私。
故填Privacy.
(4)考查主旨大意。
通读全文和第二段中的“NandanNilekanihasbeenworkingtomaketheworld'sinvisiblepeoplevisiblebygivingthemaccesstoofficialidentification.以及最后一段中的“theworldismovingclosertothedaywheneveryonewillhaveaccesstoanofficialID.”可知本文主要讲述的是世界上有10亿人没有官方身份证明,NandanNilekani一直致力于通过让世界上的"隐形人"获得官方身份证明,从而让他们变得"可见"。
故可知Makingtheworld'sinvisiblepeoplevisible可以概括问文章主要内容,故答案为Makingtheworld'sinvisiblepeoplevisible.
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,要求考生准确掌握所给材料,结合相关的词汇知识和词汇知识,写出正确的答案。
3.请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意:
每个空格只填1个单词。
Theurgetoshareourlivesonsocialmedia
Peoplehavelongusedmediatoseereflectionsofthemselves.Longbeforemobilephonesorevenphotography,diarieswerekeptasawaytounderstandoneselfandtheworldinwhichonelives.Inthe18thand19thcenturies,asdiariesbecamemorepopular,middle-classNewEnglanders,particularlywhitewomen,wrote