中考英语易错50例.docx

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中考英语易错50例.docx

中考英语易错50例

1.last

[误]Thisisthenewestnews.

[正]Thisisthelatestnews.

[析]“最新消息”应为latestnews,因为最晚到的新闻才是最新消息,请注意英语与汉语的区别。

last,thelast

[误]Isawmybrotherthelastweek.

[正]Isawmybrotherlastweek.

[析]当谈到与目前有关的上月、上星期等概念时只能用lastmonth,lastweek,而不能加定冠词,thelast可用于表示一系列词的最后一个,如:

ThatwasthelastChristmasIspentathome.但thelast可以用来表示持续到现在的一个长时期,如:

Iambusyforthelastweek.

2.late

[误]YesterdayIwenthomelately.

[正]YesterdayIwenthomelate.

[析]late既可作形容词又可作副词;而lately则意为“最近的”,如:

Ihaven'tseenherlately.

late,latter,later,lately

late有两个比较级,指时间较晚应用later,如口语中常讲:

Seeyoulater.(一会见。

)而latter则指按顺序讲的后者,或靠后的,其反意词为former,如:

theformerpresident(前总统)。

又如:

Icanunderstandthelatterpartofthestory.而lately则意为“近来”、“不久前”。

3.lay

[误]Weliedonthebeach.

[正]Welayonthebeach.

[析]英文中有三个动词易混,在考试中也频频出现,它们的现在式、过去式、过去分词以及现在分词是:

lay(vt.放)laid,laid,laying

lie(vi.躺)lay,laincying

lie(vi..说谎)liedliedlying

4.learn

[误]Theteachersaid:

"Youmuststudythispoembyheart."

[正]Theteachersaid:

"Youmustlearnthispoembyheart."

[析]study与learn在作“学习”讲时,常常可以互换,但learn侧重于学习成果或初级阶段的模仿性学习,如:

Thelittlebabyislearningtowalk.而study则多侧重于学习的过程,如:

I'mstudyingatthiscollege.而learn…byheart则是“记住”、“背诵”之意。

5.leave

[误]I'llleaveBeijingtoShanghai.

[正]I'llleaveBeijingforShanghai.

[析]leavefor一词组为“去某地”,如对话中常讲I'llleaveforShanghai.因所离开的地点是双方都知道的则可以省略。

leave,forget

[误]I'veforgottenmyhomeworkathome.

[正]I'veforgottenmyhomework.

[正]I'veleftmyhomeworkathome.

[析]如果句中有地点状语则不要用forget,而要用leave.

6.lesson

[误]IhavetwolessonsofEnglish.

[正]IhavetwoEnglishlessons.

[正]IhavetwolessonsinEnglish.

[析]“我有两节英语课。

”这一表达法如上,但美国老师讲他有两节课时则多用“Ihavetwoclasses.”teachsomebodyalesson为“教训某人”,或“要吸取教训”,如:

Letthisthingteachesyoualesson.

7.lend

[误]Pleaseborrowmeyourbike.

[正]Pleaselendmeyourbike.

[析]borrow是指“借入”,如:

Iwanttoborrowsomebooksfromthelibrary.lend是“借出”,如:

Icanlendyoumybike.而keep为“借多久”,如HowlongcanIkeepit?

8.less

[误]Hehasfewermoneythanshehas.

[正]Hehaslessmoneythanshehas.

[析]less是little的比较级,而fewer是few的比较级。

要注意前者修饰不可数名词,而后者修饰可数名词。

9.let

[误]Theteacherletsthestudentscleantheclassroomasapunishment.

[正]Theteachermakesthestudentscleantheclassroomasapunishment.

[析]虽然let,have,make有相同的用法,但make和have含有迫使某人做某事的意思。

[误]Let'sgotothepark,willyou?

[正]Let'sgotothepark,shallwe?

[误]Letusgotothepark,shallwe?

[正]Letusgotothepark,willyou?

[析]Let'sgo的反意疑问句是shallwe?

而Letusgo的反意疑问句则是willyou?

10.life

[误]ManypeoplelosttheirlifeintheSecondWorldWar.

[正]ManyPeoplelosttheirlivesintheSecondWorldWar.

[析]life作为“生命”、“性命”时应为可数名词;当泛指一般“生活”讲时则为不可数名词,如:

Whichdoyouprefer,townlifeorcountrylife?

又如:

Lifeisnotallfun.

11.light

[误]Thereisadeskwithalitlamponit.

[正]Thereisadeskwithalightedlamponit.

[析]light有两个过去分词:

lighted和lit,当用过去分词作形容词当定语时只能用lighted.light可以用作名词,如:

Themoongetsitslightfromthesun.也可以作形容词,如:

Theclassroomisverylight.还可以作动词,如:

Thelittlegirllitamatch.作形容词时还有“轻”、“浅”等意,如:

Thisboxislight.Ilikelightblue.

12.like

[误]Mysisterisveryasme.

[正]Mysisterisverylikeme.

[析]as作为连词其后要接从句,如:

Sheisagoodstudentashisbrotherusedtobe.而like是介词,其后接宾语。

[误]Doyoulikeswimmingwithmetonight?

[正]Wouldyouliketoswimwithmetonight?

[析]like作为动词当“喜欢”讲时,其后面可接不定式也可接动名词,用不定式多表达一个一次性的动作,如:

I'msorryIdon'tliketogoswimmingtonight.用动名词则表示一个习惯性的动作,如:

Ilikeswimmingverymuch.

like,alike

作为形容词,alike一般不作定语,而只作表语,如;Thetwinsareveryalike.

  

[误]Wouldyoulikeswimmingwithus?

[正]Wouldyouliketoswimwithus?

[析]在wouldyoulike…这一句型中,其后面只能接不定式,而不能接动名词。

like的用法还要注意以下两点:

①HelikesTom.为“他喜欢汤姆。

”②HeislikeTom.为“他像汤姆。

”第二句话的like为介词,而第一句话的like为动词。

13.listen

[误]Youshouldheartheteahcer'sadvice.

[正]Youshouldlistentotheteacher'sadvice.

[析]hear多侧重于听到某事或某种声音,而listento则侧重于听的倾向性。

如:

Welistenbuthearnothing.例句为“听取某人意见”,所以只能用listentosomeone'sadvice.

14.little

[误]Don'tworry,thereislittletime.

[正]Don'tworry,thereisalittletime.

[误]Thereisalittlewater.ShallIgetsome?

[正]Thereislittlewater.ShallIgetsome?

[析]要注意中英文在同一问题上的表达法是不同的。

如中文“水不多了,我去取点吧。

”英文要讲“没水了,我去取点吧。

little,small

little与small是近义词,在作定语时常常可以互换,如:

alittlegirl或asmallgirl,但little一般不作表语,如:

Thecaroverthereissmall.一句中不要用little.作定语时little常常带有感情色彩,而small则带有对比的含义。

15.live

[误]Tomliveswithhisparents'money.

[正]Tomlivesonhisparents'money.

[误]Helivesonteaching.

[正]Helivesbyteaching.

[析]“靠吃某物为生”应用liveonsomething,而liveby是“靠某种生活手段为生”。

  

living,alive

living侧重于生活得很好,身体不错,如:

Mygrandfatherisstilllivinginhiseighties.而alive则强调没有死而是活着的,如:

Isthatcataliveordead?

16.lonely

[误]Shewantedtodoherhomeworklonely.

[正]Shewantedtodoherhomeworkalone

[析]lonely意为“寂寞的”、“孤单的”,如:

Theoldmanfeltlonely.alone则意为“独自的”、“单独的”,如:

Helivesalonebuthedoesn'tfeellonely.

17.long

[误]Ihavebeenstudyinglongfortheexam.

[正]Ihavebeenstudyingforalongtimefortheexam.

[析]long用作表达时间的副词时,在否定句及疑问句中最常用,但在肯定句中除与so,too,as...as连用外,一般要用foralongtime.

[误]I'llcallyouaslongasthebookwillbereturned.

[正]I'llcallyouaslongasthebookisreturned.

[析]as...as引导的状语从句中可以用一般现在时表示将来。

[误]Howlongdoyougotoseeyourparents?

Onceaweek.

[正]Howoftendoyougotoseeyourparents?

Onceaweek.

[析]因为答语为每周一次所以问的是频率,要用howoften.

18.look

lookfor,find

lookfor侧重于“寻找”这个动作,如:

Whatareyoulookingfor?

而find则侧重于结果,如:

Itisverydifficulttofindajob.这里不能用lookfor,因为真正困难的是“找到”工作。

其他用法还有:

[例]Heoftenlooksbackonhishighschooldays.

[析]lookbackonsomething为“回顾”、“回想”。

[例]Iwishyouwouldn'tlookdownon(upon)thechildren'swork.

[析]lookdownon(upon)为“看不起”某人或某事。

[误]I'mlookingforwardtoseeyou.

[正]I'mlookingforwardtoseeingyou.

[析]lookforwardto词组中的to是介词,所以其后要加名词或动名词,不能接不定式。

19.lot

[误]Icanbuythisdictionarynow,becauseIhavegotmuchmoney.

[正]IcanbuythisdictionarynowbecauseIhavegotalotofmoney.

[析]muchmoney多用于疑问句与否定句中,而在肯定句中要用alotof.lotsof与alotof之间无多大区别,两者都可以修饰可数与不可数名词,所以常常可以互换。

[误]Heismorehappiernow.

[正]Heisalothappiernow.

[析]不可用more来修饰比较级,能修饰比较级的词有verymuch,alot,lots,any,no,rather,alittle,abit等。

20.make

[误]Thelittleboywasmaderepeatthewholestory.

[正]Thelittleboywasmadetorepeatthewholestory.

[误]Thefathermadehissontodohishomeworkfrommorningtillnight.

[正]Thefathermadehissondohishomeworkfrommorningtillnight.

[析]make的句型为“makesomebodydo(doing)something”。

但在被动语态中原来被省去的不定式符号to要被还原回来。

[误]Ialwaysdothismistake.

[正]Ialwaysmakethismistake.

[析]英语中do和make是十分不易弄清的两个动词,do常用于谈论工作时或某种不确定的活动时,如:

doafavour(帮个忙),doone'sbest(竭尽全力),dogood(有益),doharm(有害),而多数情况下常用make,如:

makeasuggestion,makeacake,makeabed(收拾床),makeanoise,makemoney等等。

[误]Thiswinewasmadeofgrapes.

[正]Thiswinewasmadefromgrapes.

[析]当成品制成后,其原料的性质有所改变时应用makefrom,否则用makeof,如:

Thisdoorwasmadeofiron.

[误]Hardworkcanoftenmakeupalackofintelligence.

[正]Hardworkcanoftenmakeupforalackofintelligence.

[析]makeup是“创造”、“编织”,而makeupfor是“弥补……的不足之处”。

上句应译为“勤奋工作可以弥补天资的不足。

[误]Wemadeupourmindtostudyhard.

[正]Wemadeupourmindstostudyhard.

[析]mind这里是可数名词,使用时要特别予以注意makeupone'smind是“下定决心”之意。

[误]Ourclassismadeoftwentygirlsandtwentyoneboys.

[正]Ourclassismadeupoftwentygirlsandtwentyoneboys.

[析]makeupof...是“某物由……组成或构成”。

21.many

[误]Ihavemanyfriends.

[正]Ihavealotoffriends.

[析]many和much多用于疑问句或否定句中,而在肯定句中则用处不多,尤其在非正式谈话中。

如:

---Howmuchmoneyhaveyougot?

---I'vegotplenty.

[误]Youboughtmuchtootomatoes.

[正]Youboughttoomanytomatoes.

[析]toomany后接可数名词,toomuch后接不可数名词,而muchtoo后面接形容词,意为“太多”。

[误]Formanyaweeksitrainedalot.

[正]Formanyaweekitrainedalot.

[析]manya意为“好多”、“许多”,但其后面要加单数名词。

22.matter

[误]Nomatterwhatyoudid.

[正]Nomatterwhatyoudid,Itrustedyou.

[析]Nomatter是个词组,意为“不论”,它的语法功能是起连接作用,所以不能用于一个单独的句子。

itdoesn'tmatter这个词组则不是一个连接词组,所以可以和一个单句连用,如:

Itdoesn'tmatterwhatyousay.(你说什么都不要紧。

23.maybe

[误]Maybeheisright.

[正]Maybeheisright.

[析]maybe是副词,不要错用为maybe.

maybe,perhaps

这两个词的词意一样,maybe常用于非正式谈话,而perhaps则多用在正式文体中。

如:

Maybe/Perhapstheweatherwillgetbetter.而JuliusCaesarisperhapsthegreatestofShakespeare'searlyplays.

24.mend

[误]Iwanttohavemybikemended.

[正]Iwanttohavemybikerepaired.

[析]mend意为“缝补”,如:

Mymothermendedmycoat.而repair是“修理”。

25.mind

[误]Couldyoumindtoclosethedoor?

[正]Couldyoumindclosingthedoor?

[误]Trytomakeupyourmindstudyinghard.

[正]Trytomakeupyourmindtostudyhard.

[析]mind用作动词时,其后加动名词;而用作名词意为“下定决心”时,其后要加不定式。

要注意DoyoumindifIsmoke?

的答语:

如果你不介意,应回答“No,goahead.”如果你不想让对方吸烟,则应讲“Yes,pleasedon't.”

26.if

[误]IfitwillrainIwon'tgotoschooltomorrow.

[正]IfitrainsIwon'tgotoschooltomorrow.

[析]由if引起的状语从句要用一般时表示将来。

[误]Iwanttoknowifhecomesheretomorrow.

[正]Iwanttoknowifhewillcomeheretomorrow.

[析]if所引起的如果是宾语从句则不能用一般现在时表示将来。

[误]Iwanttoknowifitwillraintomorrowhewillcomeornot.

[正]Iwanttoknowifitrainstomorrowhewillcomeornot.

[析]这里的if从句是整个宾语从句的条件状语,所以,应用一般时表示将来。

27.ill

[误]Hespentmanyyearslookingafterhisillfather.

[正]Hespentmanyyearslookingafterhissickfather.

[析]ill和sick都可以作表语,如:

I'mill(sick).美国英语中常用sick,而英国英语中两者都可用,但ill一般不作定语。

28.in

[误]Inacoldmorning,Iwenttoschoolalone.

[正]Onacoldmorning,Iwenttoschoolalone.

[析]在inthemorning或intheafternoon词组中,不论在这两个名词的前或后加任何修饰词,其介词in都要变为on.

[误]Iwillfinishitaftertwodays.

[正]Iwillfinishitintwodays

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