新世纪高等院校 综合教程 第一册 教师用书 笔记 unit 12 Gender Bias in Language.docx

新世纪高等院校 综合教程 第一册 教师用书 笔记 unit 12 Gender Bias in Language.docx

《新世纪高等院校 综合教程 第一册 教师用书 笔记 unit 12 Gender Bias in Language.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《新世纪高等院校 综合教程 第一册 教师用书 笔记 unit 12 Gender Bias in Language.docx（38页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

新世纪高等院校综合教程第一册教师用书笔记unit12GenderBiasinLanguage

Unit12GenderBiasinLanguage

SectionOnePre-readingActivities

I.Readingaloud

Readthefollowingsentencesaloud,payingspecialattentiontoincompleteplosivesandliaison.Aplosivewhichhasnoaudiblereleaseisputinbrackets.

1.Yetitisoftenmisunderstoodandmisinterpreted,forlanguageisaverycomplicatedmechanismwithagrea（t）dealofnuance.

2.ThisisanexampleofthegenderbiasthatexistsintheEnglishlanguage.

3.ItisatthispointthatNilsenarguestha（t）thegenderbiascomesintoplay.

4.Itisuptoustodecidewha（t）wewillallowtobeusedandma（d）eproperintheareaoflanguage.

.Culturalinformation

1.WhyWeNeedanEqualRightsAmendment:

WhyWeNeedanERA;TheGenderGapRunsDeepinAmericanLaw

MarthaBurkandEleanorSmeal

Whyistheamendmentneeded?

Twenty-threecountries—includingSriLankaandMoldova—havesmallergendergapsineducation,politicsandhealththantheUnitedStates,accordingtotheWorldEconomicForum.Weare68thintheworldinwomen'sparticipationinnationallegislatures.Onaverage,awomanworkingfulltimeandyear-roundstillmakesonly77centstoaman'sdollar.Womenhold98percentofthelow-paying"women's"jobsandfewerthan15percentoftheboardseatsatmajorcorporations.Becausetheirprivatepensions—iftheyhavethematall—arelowerandbecauseSocialSecurityputsworkingwomenatadisadvantageandgrantsnocreditforyearsspentathomecaringforchildrenoragingparents,three-quartersoftheelderlyinpovertyarewomen.AndineverystateexceptMontana,womenstillpayhigherratesthansimilarlysituatedmenforalmostallkindsofinsurance.AllthatcouldchangeifweputequalrightsforwomeninourConstitution.

2.Genderbiasineducation

Genderbiasineducationisaninsidiousproblemthatcausesveryfewpeopletostandupandtakenotice.Thevictimsofthisbiashavebeentrainedthroughyearsofschoolingtobesilentandpassive,andarethereforeunwillingtostandupandmakenoiseabouttheunfairtreatmenttheyarereceiving.Girlsandboystodayarereceivingseparateandunequaleducationsduetothegendersocializationthattakesplaceinourschoolsandduetothesexisthiddencurriculumstudentsarefacedwitheveryday.Unlessteachersaremadeawareofthegender-rolesocializationandthebiasedmessagestheyareunintentionallyimpartingtostudentseveryday,anduntilteachersareprovidedwiththemethodsandresourcesnecessarytoeliminategender-biasintheirclassrooms,girlswillcontinuetoreceiveaninequitableeducation.

Sadker,D.,Sadker,M.（1994）"FailingatFairness:

HowOurSchoolsCheatGirls".Toronto,ON:

Simon&SchusterInc.

III.Audiovisualsupplements

Watchavideoclipandanswerthefollowingquestions.

1.Whathappenedtothewoman?

2.Whatdoesthedefensecounselmeaninthelastsentence?

AnswerstotheQuestions:

1.Shewashitbyamaledoctorwhenshewasslowlypullingoutandgotseverelyinjuredinherneck.Butshedoesn’thaveinsurance,soshe’sindebtnow.

2.HeistryingtoconvincethejurythatamaleER（emergencyroom）doctorisnotpossibletolosecontrolofhiscar,butawomanfacingalotofproblemsinherlifelikeErinisquitedangerouswhensheisdriving.Thedefencecounsel’swordsobviouslyshowhisgenderdiscrimination.

VideoScript:

Erin:

IwaspullingoutrealslowandoutofnowherehisJaguarcomesracingaroundthecornerlikeabatoutofhell…Theytooksomebonefrommyhipandputitinmyneck.Idon’thaveinsurance,soI’mabout$17,000indebtrightnow…Icouldn’ttakepainkillers‘causetheymademetoogroggytocareformykids…Matthew’seight,andKatie’salmostsix…andBeth’sjustninemonths…Ijustwannabeagoodmom,aniceperson,adecentcitizen…Ijustwannatakegoodcareofmykids,youknow?

Ed（ProsecutingCounsel）:

Yeah.Iknow.

DefenceCounsel:

Seventeenthousandindebt?

Isyourex-husbandhelpingyou?

Erin:

Whichone?

DefenceCounsel:

There’smorethanone?

Erin:

Yeah.There’retwo.Why?

DefenceCounsel:

So,youmusthavebeenfeelingprettydesperatethatafternoon.

Erin:

What’syourpoint?

DefenceCounsel:

Broke,threekids,nojob.AdoctorinJaguar?

Mustbeaprettygoodmealticket.

Ed:

Objection!

Erin:

What?

Hehitme!

DefenceCounsel:

Soyousay.

Erin:

Hecametearingaroundthecorneroutofcontrol.

DefenceCounsel:

AnERdoctorwhospendhisdayssavingliveswastheoneoutofcontrol?

SectionTwoGlobalReading

I.Textanalysis

1.Whichtwoopinionsarepresentedinthefirstparagraph?

Therearethosewhobelievethatthelanguagethatweuseeverydayisbiasedinandofitself.Thentherearethosewhofeelthatlanguageisareflectionoftheprejudicesthatpeoplehavewithinthemselves.

2.Whichsentencesintheconclusionshowthewriter’sattitude?

Inthelastparagraph,wefindthesesentences:

“Itisnecessaryforpeopletomaketheproperadjustmentsinternallytouseappropriatelanguagetoeffectivelyincludebothgenders.Wequalifylanguage.Itisuptoustodecidewhatwewillallowtobeusedandmadeproperintheareaoflanguage.”Evidently,theydenotethewriter’sattitudetowardwhatweshoulddoaboutgenderbiasinlanguage.

II.Structuralanalysis

1.Whattypeofwritingisthetext?

Thistextisanexpositiveessaywithreferencetogenderbiasinlanguage.

2.What’sthemainstrategytodevelopthisexpositiveessay?

Thetextismainlydevelopedbymeansofexemplification.Examplesareabundantlyusedin

Paragraphs2-6.

3.Workoutthestructureofthetextbycompletingthetable.

Paragraph（s）

Mainidea

1

Thewriterraisestheissuetobediscussed:

Islanguagethecauseofthebiasorisitreflectiveofthepreexistingbiasthattheuserholds?

2-6

Thewriterprovidesquiteanumberoftypicalexamplestoillustrategenderbiasinlanguage.

7

Thewritermakeshisattitudeoropinionclearontheissueofgenderbiasinlanguage.

SectionThreeDetailedReading

TextI

GenderBiasinLanguage

1.Languageisaverypowerfulelement.Itisthemostcommonmethodofcommunication.Yetitisoftenmisunderstoodandmisinterpreted,forlanguageisaverycomplicatedmechanismwithagreatdealofnuance.Therearetimeswheninconversationwithanotherindividual,thatwemusttakeintoaccounttheperson’slinguisticgenealogy.Therearepeoplewhouselanguagethatwouldbeconsideredprejudicialorbiasedinuse.Butthequestionthatisraisedisinregardtolanguageusage:

Islanguagethecauseofthebiasorisitreflectiveofthepreexistingbiasthattheuserholds?

Therearethosewhobelievethatthelanguagethatweuseinday-to-dayconversationisbiasedinandofitself.Theyfeelthattheterm"mailman",forexample,isonethatexcludeswomenmailcarriers.Thentherearethosewhofeelthatlanguageisareflectionoftheprejudicesthatpeoplehavewithinthemselves.Thatistosay,thewordsthatpeoplechoosetouseinconversationdenotethebiasthattheyharborwithintheirownexistence.

2.TherearewordsintheEnglishlanguagethatareexistingorhaveexisted（someofthemhavechangedwiththenewwaveof“politicalcorrectness”comingabout）thathaveinherentlybeensexuallybiasedagainstwomen.Forexample,thepersonwhoinvestigatesreportedcomplaints（asfromconsumersorstudents）,reportsfindings,andhelpstoachievefairandimpartialsettlementsisombudsman（Merriam-WebsterDictionary）,butombudspersonhereatIndianaStateUniversity.ThisisanexampleofthegenderbiasthatexistsintheEnglishlanguage.Thelanguageisarrangedsothatmenareidentifiedwithexaltedpositions,andwomenareidentifiedwithmoreservice-orientedpositionsinwhichtheyarebeingdominatedandinstructedbymen.Sothelanguageusedtoconveythistypeofmalesupremacyisgenerallyreflectingthehonoredpositionofthemaleandthesubservienceofthefemale.Eveninrelationships,themaleinthehomeisoftenreferredtoasthe“manofthehouse,”evenifitisa4-year-oldchild.Itishighlyinsultingtosaythata4-year-oldmale,basedsolelyonhisgender,ismorequalifiedandcapableofconductingthebusinessandaffairsofthehomethanhispossiblywell-educated,highlyintellectualmother.Thereisadefinitedisparityinthatsituation.

3.InAmericanculture,awomanisvaluedfortheattractivenessofherbody,whileamanisvaluedforhisphysicalstrengthandhisachievements.Evenintheexampleofwordpairsthebiasisevident.Themasculinewordisputbeforethefeminineword,asintheexamplesofMr.andMrs.,hisandhers,boysandgirls,menandwomen,kingsandqueens,brothersandsisters,guysanddolls,andhostandhostess.ThisshowsthattheusageofmanyoftheEnglishwordsisalsowhatcontributestothebiaspresentintheEnglishlanguage.

4.AlleenPaceNilsennnotesthatthereareinstanceswhenwomenareseenaspassivewhilemenareactiveandbringthingsintobeing.Sheusestheexampleoftheweddingceremony.Inthebeginningoftheceremony,thefatherisaskedwhogivesthebrideawayandheanswers,“Ido.”ItisatthispointthatNilsenarguesthatthegenderbiascomesintoplay.Thetraditionalconceptofthebrideassomethingtobehandedfromoneman（thefather）toanotherman（thehusband-to-be）isperpetuated.Anotherexampleisintheinstanceofsexualrelationships.Thewomenbecomebrideswhilemenwedwomen.Themantakesawayawoman’svirginityandawomanloseshervirginity.Thisdenotesherinability,apparentlyduetohergender,toholdontosomethingthatisapartofher,thusenforcingtheman’sabilityandrighttoclaimsomethingthatisnothis.

5.Tobeaman,acc