专八真题.docx

专八真题.docx

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专八真题

TESTFORENGLISHMAJORS（2012）

—GRADEEIGHT—

TIMELIMIT:

195MIN

PARTⅠLISTENINGCOMPREHENSION（35MIN）

SECTIONAMINI-LECTURE

ObservingBehaviour

Peopledoobservationindailylifecontextforsafetyorforproperbehaviour.However,therearedifferencesindaily-lifeobservationandresearchobservation.

A.Differences

----dailylifeobservation

-casual

-

（1）________

-dependenceonmemory

（1）____________

----researchobservation

-

（2）_________

（2）____________

-carefulrecordkeeping

B.Waystoselectsamplesinresearch

----timesampling

-systematic:

e.g.fixedintervalseveryhour

-random:

fixedintervalsbut（3）_______（3）____________

Systematicsamplingandrandomsamplingareoftenusedincombination.

----（4）_______（4）____________

-definition:

selectionofdifferentlocations

-reason:

humans’oranimals’behaviour（5）______across（5）____________

circumstances

-（6）______:

moreobjectiveobservations（6）____________

C.Waystorecordbehaviour（7）_______（7）____________

----observationwithintervention

-participantobservation:

researcherasobserverandparticipant

-fieldexperiment:

research（8）______overconditions（8）____________

----observationwithoutintervention

-purpose:

describingbehaviour（9）______（9）____________

-（10）______:

nointervention

-researcher:

apassiverecorder（10）___________

SECTIONBINTERVIEW

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutcreativityisINCORRECT?

A.Creativitystemsfromhumanbeings’novelthinking.

B.Thedurationofthecreativeprocessvariesfrompersontoperson.

C.Creativepeoplefocusonnovelthinkingratherthanonsolutions.

D.Theoutcomeofhumancreativitycomesinvariedforms.

2.TheintervieweecitestheBachfamilytoshowthatcreativity______.

A.seemstobeattributabletogeneticmakeup

B.appearstobetheresultoftheenvironment

C.appearstobemoreassociatedwithgreatpeople

D.comesfrombothenvironmentandgeneticmakeup

3.Howmanytypesofthecreativeprocessdoestheintervieweedescribe?

A.One.

B.Two.

C.Three.

D.Four.

4.WhichofthefollowingfeaturesofacreativepersonalityisNOTmentionedintheinterview?

A.Unconventional.

B.Critical.

C.Resolute.

D.Original.

5.Theinterviewee’ssuggestionforacreativityworkoutsupportstheviewthat______.

A.brainexercisingwillnotmakepeoplecreative

B.mostpeoplehavediversifiedinterestsandhobbies

C.creativitycanonlybefoundingreatpeople

D.theenvironmentissignificantinthecreativeprocess

SECTIONCNEWSBROADCAST

6.Whatisthenewsitemmainlyabout?

A.Aprobleminthecoolingsystemwassolved.

B.A350-kilogramammoniapumpwasremoved.

C.U.S.astronautsmadethreespacewalks.

D.Aninternationalspacestationwassetup.

Questions7and8arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven20secondstoanswerthequestions.

Nowlistentothenews.

7.Inwhichcountrywouldparentsoftenthreatentopunishchildrenbyleavingthemoutside?

A.India.

B.Egypt.

C.ThePhilippines.

D.Notmentioned.

8.Whatisthemainpurposeofthestudy?

A.Torevealculturaldifferencesandsimilarities.

B.Toinvestigatewaysofphysicalpunishment.

C.Toanalyzechildbehaviouracrosscountries.

D.Toexposecasesofchildabuseandpunishment

Questions9and10arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven20secondstoanswerthequestions.

Nowlistentothenews.

9.Accordingtothenewsitem,Japan’seconomicgrowthinthesecondquarterwas____

lessthanthefirstquarter.

A.4percent

B.3percent

C.0.6percent

D.3.4percent

10.HowmanyreasonsdoesthenewsitemciteforJapan’ssloweconomicgrowth?

A.2.

B.3.

C.4.

D.5.

PARTⅡREADINGCOMPREHENSION（30MIN）

TEXTA

Iusedtolookatmyclosetandseeclothes.Thesedays,wheneverIcastmyeyesuponthestacksofshoesandhangersofshirts,sweatersandjackets,Iseewater.

Ittakes569gallonstomanufactureaT-shirt,fromitsstartinthecottonfieldstoitsappearanceonstoreshelves.Apairofrunningshoes?

1,247gallons.

Untillastfall,I’dbeenoblivioustomy“waterfootprint”,whichisdefinedasthetotalvolumeoffreshwaterthatisusedtoproducegoodsandservices,accordingtotheWaterFootprintNetwork.TheDutchnonprofithasbeenworkingtoraiseawarenessoffreshwaterscarcitysince2008,butitwasthroughthe“GreenBlueBook”byThomasM.KostigenthatIwasabletoseehowmyownactionsfactoredin.

I’veinstalledgray-watersystemstoreusethewastewaterfrommylaundrymachineandbathtubandrerouteittomylandscape-systemsthatsave,onaverage,50gallonsofwaterperday.I’vesetuprainbarrelsandinfiltrationpitstocollectthousandsofgallonsofstormwatercascadingfrommyroof.I’veevenenteredthelastbastionofgreendom-installingacompostingtoilet.

Sufficetosay,I’vebeenfeelingprettysatisfiedwithmyselfforallthedrinkingwaterI’vesavedwiththesebig-ticketprojects.

NowIrealizethatmydailyconsumptionchoicescouldhaveanevenlargereffect–notonlyonthelocalwatersupplybutalsoglobally:

1.1billionpeoplehavenoaccesstofreshwater,and,inthefuture,thosewhodohaveaccesswillhavelessofit.

Toseehowmuchvirtualwater1wasusing,Iloggedontothe“GreenBlueBook”websiteanduseditswaterfootprintcalculator,enteringmydailyconsumptionhabits.Tallyingupthewaterfootprintofmybreakfast,lunch,dinnerandsnacks,aswellasmydailydoseofover-the-counteruppersanddowners-coffee,wineandbeer-I’musing512gallonsofvirtualwatereachdayjusttofeedmyself.

Inaword:

alarming.

EvenmorealarmingwashowmuchhiddenwaterIwasusingtogetdressed.I’mhardlyaclotheshorse,butthefewnewitemsIbuyonceagaintrumpedtheamountofwaterflowingfrommyfaucetseachday.IfI’mseriousaboutsavingwater,IrealizedIcouldmakesomesimplelifestyleshifts.Lookingmorecloselyattheareasinmylifethatusethemostvirtualwater,itwasfoodandclothes,specificallymeat,coffeeand,oddly,bluejeansandleatherjackets.

Beingamotorcyclist,Iownanunusuallylargeamountofleather-bootsandjacketsinparticular.Allofitisenormouslywaterintensive.Ittakes7,996gallonstomakealeatherjacket,leatherbeingabyproductofbeef.Ittakes2,866gallonsofwatertomakeasinglepairofbluejeans,becausethey’remadefromwater-hoggingcotton.

CrunchingthenumbersfortheamountofclothesIbuyeveryyear,itlooksalotlikemyfriend’sswimmingpool.MyentireclosetisborderlineOlympic.

Gulp.

Mylateresolutionistobuysomeitemsused.Underwearandsocksare,ofcourse,exemptfromthisstrategy,but1havenoproblemshoppinglessandalsoshoppingatGoodwill.Infact,I’dbeendoingthatforthepastyeartosavemoney.Myclothes’outrageouswaterfootprintjustreinforceditforme.

Moreconsciouslivingandsubstitution,ratherthansacrifice,aretheprevailingideaswiththewaterfootprint.It’soneI’mtrying,andthat’shadanunusualupside.Ihadahamburgerrecently,andIenjoyeditalotmoresinceitisnowanoccasionaltreatratherthanaweeklyhabit.

（Onegallon=3.8litres）

11.Accordingtothepassage,theWaterFootprintNetwork______.

A.workedforfreshwaterconservationfornonprofitpurposes

B.collaboratedwiththeGreenBlueBookinfreshwaterconservation

C.madetheauthorawareoffreshwatershortage

D.helpedtheauthorgettoknowtheGreenBlueBook

12.Whichofthefollowingreasonscanbestexplaintheauthor’sfeelingofself-satisfaction?

A.Hishousewasequippedwithadvancedwater-savingfacilities.

B.Moneyspentonupgradinghishouseholdfacilitieswasworthwhile.

C.Hemadecontributiontodrinkingwaterconservationinhisownway.

D.Hecouldhavemadeevengreatercontributionbychanginghislifestyle.

13.Accordingtothecontext,“...howmyownactionsfactoredin”means______.

A.howIcouldcontributetowaterconservation

B.howmuchofwhatIdidcontributedtofreshwatershortage

C.whatbehaviourcouldbecountedasfreshwater-saving

D.whateffortsIshouldmaketosavefreshwater

14.Accordingtothepassage,theauthorwasmorealarmedbythefactthat______.

A.hewashavingmoremeatandcoffee

B.hislifestylewastooextravagant

C.globallytherewillbelessfreshwater

D.hisclothesusedevenmorevirtualwater

15.“MyentireclosetisborderlineOlympic”isanexampleof______.

A.exaggeration

B.analogy

C.understatement

D.euphemism

16.Whatisthetoneoftheauthorinthelastparagraph?

A.Sarcastic.

B.Ironic.

C.Critical.

D.Humorous.

TEXTB

Inhernovelof“Reunion,AmericanStyle”,RonaJaffesuggeststhataclassreunion“ismorethanasentimentaljourney.Itisalsoawayofansweringthequestionthatliesatthebackofnearlyallourminds.DidtheydobetterthanI?

”

Jaffe’sobservationmaybemisplacedbutnotcompletelylost.AccordingtoastudyconductedbysocialpsychologistJackSparacino,theoverwhelmingmajoritywhoattendreunionsaren’tthereinvidiouslytocomparetheirrecentaccomplishmentswiththoseoftheirformerclassmates.Instead,theyhope,primarily,torelivetheirearliersuccesses.

Certainly,afewreturntoshowtheirformerclassmateshowwelltheyhavedone;othersenjoyobservingthechangesthathaveoccurredintheirclassmates（notalwaysinthemselves,ofcourse）.Butthemajoritywhoattendtheirclassreunionsdosotorelivethegoodtimestheyrememberhavingwhentheywereyounger.Inhisstudy,Sparacinofoundthat,ashighschoolstudents,attendeeshadbeenmorepopular,moreoftenregardedasattractive,andmoreinvolvedinextracurricu