被动语态与间接引语.docx
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被动语态与间接引语
被动语态
总结
动词的语态主要分为两种：
主动语态与被动语态主动语态指主语是谓语功作的执行者。
被动语态指主语是谓语动作的承受者。
Ihavedonethejob.（主动句）
Thejobhasbeendone.（被动句）
1．被动语态根据时态的不同，可分为以下几种类型：
一般现在时：
am/is/are+done;
一般过去时：
was/were+done
现在进行时：
am/is/are+beingdone
过去进行时：
was/were+beingdone
将来时：
will/would+bedone,begoingtobedone,betobedone
现在完成时：
have/has+beendone
过去完成时：
had+beendone
将来完成时：
will+havebeendone
2.被动语态和主功语态一样具有不同时态，其时态的变化取决于时间状语，其时态的变化形式由其助动词be的事态变化形式来体现
Thehouseisbeingpaintednow.（现在进行时被动语态）
Tomhasbeensaidtohimaboutit.（现在完成时被动语态）
Thefurniturewasboughtlastweek..（过去时被动语态）
You'llbepunishedoneday.（将来时被动语态）
3．被动语态的意义
（1）不知道或没必要指出行为、动作的执行者
ColourTVsetsaresoldinthatshop.
Footballisplatedallovertheworld.
（2）突出和强调行为或动作的承受着。
Historyismadebythepeople.
Thewoundedsoldiershavebeensavedbythosepeople.
（3）有时主语较长，可后置。
It'ssaidthatwehavewonthegame.
4．在实义动词make及感官动词see，hear….等动词的被动语态形式后面出现的作主语补足语的不定式须加不定式符号“to"?
TheteachermadeTomansweritagain.（主动语态，不加“to"）
Tomwasmadetoansweritagain.（被动语态，加“to"）
5.短语动词的被动语态要注意不可丢失其附加的介词、副词或短语。
lookat，laughat，sendfor，callon，carryout，listento，takecareof,makeuseof,dependon，payattentionto，handin，puton，lookup，giveup〕等.
6.be＋过去分词可以是被动语态形式，也可以是系表结构形式。
区别是，系表结构表示主语状态或特征，不带by短语；而被动语态是表示主语的一个被动动作，可以带by短语。
Thejobwaswelldone.（系表结构）
Thejobwaswelldonebyaskilledworker.（被动语态）
Thecompositioniswellwritten.（系表结构）
Thecompositioniswrittenwithgreatcare;.（被动语态）
7．原来主动语态中的宾语如果是从句，变为被动语态时，要用形式主语it.
Ithasbeenknowntohimthatmanyfriendswillcometoseehim.
Itissaidthatthisbookhasbeentranslatedintoseverallanguages.
8．有一些动词不能用被动语态。
breakout，takeplace，happen，belongto，cost，suit，fit，have，let,wear,weigh.suffer,pass,killthetime,enter,last,meet（遇见），join（参加），fail等
9．宾语为反身代词时，不用被动语态，只用主动语态形式。
ThemanintroducedhimselfasMr.Wang.
10．有些动词或情态动词常用所接的不定式来表示被动意义。
如：
happen，pretend，seem，usedto，oughtto，appear等。
Thehouseusedtobepaintedwhite.
Thejobhastobedonebeforedark.
Onthewaywehappenedtobecaughtintherain.
11．有些动名词在want,need,require和介词worth后形式为主动，意义为被动。
12．有些动词用主动形式来表示被动意义。
如：
clean,sell,look，lock，open，write，read，wash,feel等。
Thiskindofclothwasheseasily.
Thesebookssellwell.（好卖）
Thedoordoesn'tlock.
Thedoorcan'topen.
Thispenwritesverywell.
13．除助动词be可以构成被动语态外，get,become等词也可以＋过去分词构成被动意义。
Shewasunhappybecauseshedidn'tgetinvitedtotheparty.
练习题
1
（）1ThePeople'sRepublicofChina__onOctober1,1949.
A.found B.wasfoundedC.isfounded D.wasfound
（）2English____inCanada.
A.speaks B.arespokenC.isspeaking D.isspoken
（）3ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.
A.oftensings B.oftensang C.isoftensang D.isoftensung
（）4Thiskindofcar___inJapan.
A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade
（）5Newcomputers___allovertheworld.
A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused
2
（）1Ourroommust___clean.
A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep
（）2-I'dliketobuythatcoat.-I'msorry.___.
A.itsold B.it'sselling C.It'sbeensold D.ithadbeensold
（）3Anewhouse___atthecorneroftheroad.
A.isbuilding B.isbeingbuilt C.beenbuilt D.bebuilding
（）4Thekey___onthetablewhenIleave.
A.wasleft B.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft
（）5Doctors___ineverypartoftheworld.
A.need B.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed
（）6Hisnewbook___nextmonth.
A.willbepublishedB.ispublishingC.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublished
3
（）1Japanese___ineverycountry.
A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking
（）2Thesepapers___yet. A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwrittenC.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwritten
（）3Thesportsmeet___behelduntilnextweek.
A.didn't B.won't C.isn't D.doesn't
4
（）1-Myshoesarewornout.
A.Can'ttheybemended?
B.Letmehavealookatit. C.Howmuchdotheycost?
D.Can'ttheymended?
（）2___thewatchbeenrepairedyet?
Ibadlyneedit.
A.Does B.Has C.Is D.Are
（）3___thesedesksbeneeded?
A.Will B.Are C.Has D.Do
5
（）1Why___totalkaboutityesterday?
A.didn'tameetinghold B.wasn'tameetingheld C.wasn'theldameeting D.ameetingwasn'theld
（）2Whowasthebook___?
A.write B.wrote C.written D.writtenby
（）3Where___theseboxesmade?
A.was B.were C.is D.am
6
（）1Theflowers___often.
A.mustbewater B.mustbewatered C.mustwatered D.mustwater
（）2Thebooksmay___fortwoweeks.
A.bekept B.beborrowed C.keep D.borrow
（）3Thebrokenbike____herebyMrSmith.
A.canmend B.canmended C.canbemend D.canbemended
7
（）1Theoldbridgeinmyhometown___nextmonth.
A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willrebuiltC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.aregoingtorebuilt
（）2Theplay___atthetheatrenextSunday.
A.isgoingtobeshownB.willshownC.willshowD.isshown
（）3Theoldstonebridge___nextweek
A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willberebuildC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.willrebuild
8
（）1Nowthesemagazines__inthelibraryforalongtime.
A.havekeptB.arekeepingC.havebeenkeepingD.havebeenkept
（）2Thepot___for___hotwater
.A.used;keepingB.wasused;keepingC.isused;tokeepD.areused;keep
（）3Tea___inthesouthofChina.
A.growsB.isgrownC.weregrownD.willgrow
（）4Thebridges___twoyearsago.
A.isbuiltB.builtC.werebuiltD.wasbuilt
（）5Wetclothesareoften___upnearafireinrainyweather
.A.hangB.hangedC.hangingD.hung
9
（）1Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemust___dirtythingsintoit.
A.bestoppedtothrowB.bestoppedfromthrowingC.stoptothrowD.stopfromthrowing
（）2Theteapot___water
A.isfilledwithB.filledofC.fullingofD.filled
（）3Oldpeoplemustbelookedafterwelland___politely.
A.speaktoB.spokenC.speakD.spokento
（）4Oldpeoplemust___.
A.lookafterwellB.belookedwellafterC.lookedwellafterD.belookedafterwell
10
（）1Newly-bornbabies___inhospital.
A.aretakengoodcareB.aretakengoodcareofC.takegoodcareofD.takegoodcare
（）2Theywere___atthesuddennoise.
A.frighteningB.frightenedC.frightenD.frightens
（）3Thesewalls___stone.
A.aremadeofB.madeof.C.aremadeintoD.madeinto
11
（）1Jane___tosingusanAmericansonglastSaturday.
A.calledB.wasaskedC.toldD.wassaid
（）2Thepapers___tothem.
A.wereshownB.showC.shown/D.haveshown
（）3Thecoat___hersister.
A.madetoB.weremadeforC.wasmadeforD.wasmadeto
12
（）1I___fiveminutestodecidewhetherIshouldgoornot.
A.gaveB.wasgivingC.hadgivenD.wasgiven
（）2Goodcare____suchthings.A.shouldtakeofB.shouldbetakenC.shouldbetakingD.shouldbetakenof
（）3Shewill____goodcare____.
A.take;ofB.betaken;ofC.take;foryouD.betaken;ofyou
13
（）1Theteachermadehim___hishomework.
A.todoB.doC.didD.done
（）2Theboy_streetswithoutpayintheolddays.
A.wasmadetocleanB.madecleanC.madetocleanD.wasmadeclean
（）3Thesechildren____dance.
A.wereseentoB.wereseenforC.wereseenD.sawto
14
（）1Thesestones___well.
A.arefittedB.fitC.fitsD.isfitted
（）2Thebike___500yuan.
A.wascostB.costedC.costD.iscosted
（）3Theimportantmeeting___onacoldmorninglastyear.
A.was'hadB.washeldC.heldD.had
15
（）1Greatchanges___inthepasttenyearsinChina.
A.tookplaceB.havetakenplaceC.weretakingplaceD.hadtakenplace
（）2Youcan'tusethecomputer,it____.
A.wasbrokendownB.iswrongC.isbadD.hasbrokendown
（）3Greatchanges___inourcountryduringthepast20years.
A.havehappenedB.happenedC.havebeenhappenedD.werehappened
（）4Thewatchhasoften___down.
A.satB.lainC.brokenD.fell
16
（）1Pleasepassmeanothercup.Thisone___.
A.isbrokenB.isbreakingC.brokeD.broken
（）2Thestorybooks___bythewriterinthe1960s.A.arewrittenB.werewrittenC.arewritingD.werewriting
（）3Whattime___thedoor___everyday?
A.does;closedB.does;closeC.is;closedD./;close
17
（）1Canhe___himself?
A.getdressB.getdressedC.getsdressedD.insteadof
（）2Hefellfromhisbikeand___.
A.ishurtB.getshurtC.gothurtD.hurt
（）3Lookout,pleasekeepawayfromthefire,oryourtrouserswill__
A.burntB.burnC.burningD.getburn
18
（）1Theapple___verysweet.
A.istastedB.taste-C.tastesD.aretasting
（）2You___morebeautifulinthelightblueshirt.
A.seeB.watchC.lookD.lookat
（）3Whatyousaid___.likeagoodidea.
A.heardB.listenedC.soundD.sounded
19
（）1-WhatdoyouthinkoftheTVplay?
-Wonderful.Itisworth___asecondtime.
A.watchingB.watchedC.seenD.seeing
（）2Howdirtythetablesare!
Theyneed___.
A.tocleanB.cleanC.cleaningD.cleaned
（）3Thebookisworth___.
A.seeingB.readingC.seenD.read
参考答案
1.1-5BDDDC 2.1-6BCBBCA 3.1-3ABB 4.1-3ABA 5.1-3BDB
6.1-3BAD 7.1-3ABA 8.1-5DBBCD 9.1-4BADD
10.1-3BBA 11.1-3BAC 12.1-3DDB 13.1-3BAA
14.1-4BCB 15.1-4BDAC 16.1-3ABC 17.1-3BCD
18.1-3CCD 19.1-3ACB
间接引语
总结
一、基本概念
直接引述别人的原话,叫直接引语。
用自己的话转述别人的话,叫间接引语。
直接引语一般前后要加引号,间接引语不用引号。
直接引语变为间接引语时,多数情况下构成宾语从句或复合宾语。
如:
直接引语:
Heoftensays,“Chinaisgreat.”
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