硕士英语第六册听力原文B部分.docx

硕士英语第六册听力原文B部分.docx

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硕士英语第六册听力原文B部分

Unit1

AnInterviewwiththeWorld'sMostNotoriousHacker

KevinMitnickhasbeentheworld'smostnotorioushackerforoveradecade.Aftertwojailterms,thesecondlastingfiveyears,hewasreleasedinSeptember2000.HehassincewrittenabookontheartofsocialengineeringandisstartingaconsultancytoadvisecompaniesonthebestwaytoprotectITinfrastructures.OnMarch12,2002,hewasinterviewedbyareporter.

Reporter:

Firstly,tosettherecordstraight,areyouahackeroracracker?

Mitnick:

Definitelyahacker.Crackersgointosystemsforfinancialgainortodeliberatelycausedamage.Mymotivationswerethoseofthepranksterandexplorer.WhenIwentintosystemsIwasusuallyjustlookingaroundoronthesearchforspecificsoftwareforpersonaluse.I'veservedmytimeandthosedaysarenowover.

Reporter:

Howdidyoufirstgetinterestedincomputers?

Mitnick:

Actuallyitwasmagicthatwasmyfirstlove.IwasamemberoftheJuniorMagicClubfromanearlyageandI'mstillfascinatedbythepowerofillusion.ThenwhenIwas13Igotmyamateurradiolicenceandgotintoelectroniccommunication.FinallyIsawacomputerataradiostationandsweptfloorstheresothatIcoulduseit.

Reporter:

Howdoyoudeemyourexperienceinprison?

Mitnick:

Therehavebeenhackersinjailwhowerethreatenedtoworkforcriminals,butfortunatelyIwasn'toneofthem.Themainproblemwasthemythsthatwereflyingaround.Iwasheldforfourandahalfyearswithoutbail,becausetheauthoritiesbelievedtheirownhypeandwereafraidI'dstartWorldWarThreefromthenearestphonebox.I'vebeenaccusedofalotofthings,includinghackingthePentagonandtheNorthAmericanAerospaceDefenseCommand.WhywouldIwanttogothere?

They'reheavilyguardedandtherewasnointerestingsoftwaretocheckout.I'vealsobeenaccusedofbeingtheinspirationforthefilm"WarGames"butwhenImetthescriptwriterafewyearslaterhesaidhe'dneverheardofme.

Reporter:

Sonowyou'vepublishedabookonsocialengineering.Whatisitandwhyisitsoimportant?

Mitnick:

Socialengineeringisthesideofhackingthatseldomgetsmentioned.It'susingpeopletosubverttechnology.Youcanhavethebestcomputerset-upintheworldbut,ifsomeonecanconvinceamemberofthestafftoletthemin,allthatisuseless.Theweakestlinkinanysecuritychainisalwayshuman.Theskillsofsocialengineeringareusedbyhackerstoreplacegenuinetechnicalknowledge.

Reporter:

Surelyitcan'tbeassimpleasjustaskingforapassword?

Mitnick:

Sometimesthat'sallittakes.Inpracticeitusuallytakesseveralcallsusingdifferentpersonaebeforeyoucangetallthekeysyouneedforaccess.Peopleliketohelpeachotherand,byestablishingrapportandbuildingtrust,thedeterminedindividualcangetwhattheywant.Othertechniquesincludesettingupasituationsothattheperson,ortarget,comestoyouforhelp.

Reporter:

Isiteverpossibletoachievetotalsecurityinbusinesswithoutlosingcustom?

Mitnick:

Whilenosystemisevergoingtobetotallysecure,companiesneedtoestablishabalancebetweenmaintainingpropersecurityandgivinggoodcustomerservice.Youcan'tshutyourselfawayandstayinbusinessbut,withtherighttools,youcangetanacceptablelevelofsecurity.It'sreallyaprocessofeducation.ThinkabouthowmuchmoneycompaniesspendonIThardwareandsoftwareprotectionandcomparethattothetrainingbudgetforteachingthestaffhowtodealwithhackers.Teachallthestaff,notjusttheITdepartment,andyou'llgetamuchbetterreturnoninvestmentthanbybuyinganotherfirewall.

Reporter:

What'sthesinglemostimportantruleforanyonewithaccesstocompanysecretswhowantstoavoidbeingthevictimofhackers?

Mitnick:

Alwayschecktheidentityofthepersonattheotherendofthephone.Ifthey'relegitimatetheywon'tmindyouchecking.Ifthey'renot,you'vejustsavedyourcompanylargeamountsoftimeandmoney.

Questions:

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutMitnick?

2.WhydidMitnicksaythathewasahacker,notacracker?

3.WhendidMitnickstartedtoshowhisinterestincomputers?

4.WhatdidMitnickthinkofhisexperienceinprison?

5.WhywasitimportantforMitnicktopublishabookonsocialengineering?

6.Whatisthesinglemostimportantruleforcompanyemployeeswishingtoavoidbeingthevictimsofhackers?

Unit2

DifficultNeighbors

   Mostofushavehadaconflict,greatorsmall,withaneighbor.Manylocalorganizationsthattrackquarrelsbetweenneighborssaysuchconflicts--aboutpropertylines,eyesores,tumbledownfences,loudstereos,parties,undisciplinedchildren--areontherise.

   Itisestimatedthatneighborhooddisputesmakeup50to60percentofcasesreferredtomediation.Andthenumberisgrowing.Aretiredjudge,RodericDuncan,sayssometimessuchdisputeswindupincourt.Somecasesareserious,butothersborderontheludicrous.InAlamedaCounty,California,herecalls,twoneighborsdidn'tseeeyetoeyeonanything.Onewasablue-collarworkerwhowaspoliticallyconservative,theotherauniversityemployeewhowasliberal.Theuniversityman'streedroppedapplesintheother'syard.Whentheyrotted,theblue-collarmanthrewthemback.Theuniversitymanleftthegatetotheircommondrivewayopen,upsettinghisneighbor,wholikeditclosed.Finally,theblue-collarmanboughtamannequin,dresseditinamilitaryuniformandinstalleditinawindowfacinghisneighbor'shouse--withrightarmupraisedandmiddlefingerextended.Theothermanchargedhimwithcivilharassment.

   Afterhearingbothsides,JudgeDuncansays,"Itoldthemthatthiswasoffensivebehaviorandjustaskedthemtoworkitoutontheirown.Theywerebothverysheepish,andquicklyagreed.Theyknewthewholethingwassilly,buthadjustgottenbeyondtheircontrol."

   Misunderstandingcanalsocauseadispute.Duncantellsanotherstory.InAlbany,N.Y.,twowomenhadn'tspokentoeachotherinnineyears,eventhoughtheyhadoncebeenfriends.Meanwhile,theyhadkeptthepolicebusyansweringcomplaintsthattheother'sTVwastooloud,hercarwasblockingthedrivewayorherkidswereunruly.Finallythepoliceinsistedtheysubmittheirdisputetomediation.

   "Howdidallthisstart?

"askedmediator.Onewomantoldthemediatoraboutthedayshehadcometotheother'sdoortoborrowsomething.Herneighboropenedthedoor,said"Ican'ttalktoyou,"then"slammedthedoorinmyface."

   "Irememberthatday,"repliedthe"door-slammer.""Iwasonthephonewithmysister,whohadjustlearnedshehadbreastcancer.Imeant,'I'lltalktoyoulater.'ButwhenItried,youwouldn'ttalktome."Iftheyhadtalkeditoverthatday,thefeudwouldneverhavehappened.Sospeakuprightaway.Whenadisputelooms,carefullyplanwhattosayandattacktheproblem,nottheperson.Ifyourneighborlikeshisstereoloud,calmlytellhimorherhowtheproblemharmsyou--"Ihavetobeatworkat5a.m.Couldyouturnitdownafter10p.m.?

"

Statements:

1.Disputesbetweenneighborsarecommonandlotsofthingscancauseconflicts.Accordingtothepassage,morethanhalfofthedisputescanberesolvedthroughmediation.

2.InJudgeDuncan'seyes,50to60percentofcasesaboutneighborhooddisputesarecausedbyludicrousandtrivialmatters.

3.Thespeakerimplied,notstated,thatblue-collarworkerscouldnotbegoodneighborstowhite-collarworkers.

4.Accordingtothejudge'saccount,itwastheuniversitymanwhochargedhisnext-doorneighborwithcivilharassment.

5.Boththeblue-collarworkerandtheuniversitymanadmittedthattheyhadbeenirrationalintheirbehaviortoeachother.

6.Inthejudge'ssecondstory,asthepolicecouldnotresolvethedisputebetweenthetwowomen,theyhadtosubmittheirdisputetocourt.

7.Thedisputebetweenthetwowomenstartedwhenoneunintentionallyslammedthedoorintheother'sface.

Unit3

FindersKeepers（PartOne）

   Walkingalong,mindingyourownbusiness,youseeawalletontheground.Youpickitup.Somephotosinside,acardortwowithID.Hmm,andanicewadofmoney,too.Sowhatdoyoudo?

Therightthing,or...?

   "Reader'sDigest"setouttodiscoverjustwhatpeoplewoulddo.Inbigcitiesandtownsacrosstheglobe,intheUK,Europe,theUS,Asia,Canada,Australia,NewZealandandLatinAmerica,editorsofthemagazinedroppedtemptationinthepathofunsuspectingpeople.We"lost"morethan1,100walletstoseejusthowmanywouldbereturned.Eachcontainedaround30poundsinlocalcurrency,butalsoanameandphonenumbersothatthefinderswouldhavenotroublereturningthewallet--presumingtheywantedto.Welefttheminshoppingcentres,trainandundergroundstations,supermarkets,carparksandonpavements.Thenwewatchedtoseewhatwouldhappen.

   Theresultswere...fascinating.

   Alltold,44percentofthewalletswerepickedup,nevertobeseenagain.Fromoneplacetoanother,though,theresultsvariedwidely.ThegoldstarsforhonestyhavetogotoNorwayandDenmark,whereeverysinglewalletwasreturned（dotheyevenbothertolockdoorsthere?

）.Scandinaviancountries,onthewhole,puttherestoftheworldtoshame.SodidNewZealandandacoupleofplacesinAsia--SouthKoreaandJapan.ButwatchyourpossessionsinArgentinaandItaly.AsforMexico,it'stoughluckifyouloseyourwalletthere.InmostMexicancities,barelyanywerereturned.

   HowdidtheUKfare?

Notbad:

outof80wallets,52werereturned--65percent.Medium-sizedtownswereslightlymorehonestthancities,and,interes