剑10版真经5增加题.docx

剑10版真经5增加题.docx

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新题：

目录（书本第3页）

GHAPTER4Matching信息匹配题/213

ReadingPassage46MentalGymnastics/279

核心词汇/283雅思阅读真题同义词考点/284

（书本278页）

下篇导读：

【大脑体操】

考试时间：

2005-06-25,2011-03-19······

（书本279页）

ReadingPassage46

Mental

Gymnastics

AtheworkingdayhasjuststartedattheheadofficeofBarclaysBankinLondon.

Seventeenstaffarehelpingthemselvestoabuffetbreakfastasyoungpsychologist

SebastianBaileyenterstheroomtobeginthemorning’strainingsession.Butthisisno

ordinarytrainingsession.He’snotheretosharpentheiffinanceormanagementskills.

He’sheretoexercisetheirbrains

BToday’sworkout,organisedbyacompanycalledtheMindGyminLondon,entitled

“havingpresence”.Whatfollowsisanintense90-minutesessioninwhichthisrather

abstractconceptisgraduallybrokendownintoaconcretesetoffeelings,mentaltricks

andbehaviours.Atonepointthebankersareinstructedtoshuttheireyesandvisualise

Themselvesfillingtheroomandthenthebuilding.Theyfinishupbywalkingaroundthe

Roomactingoutvariouslevelsofpresence,fromlow-keytooverthetop

CIt’seasytopokefun.Yetsimilarmentalworkoutsarehappeningincorporateseminar

Roomsaroundtheglobe.TheMindGymaloneofferssome70differentsessions,

Includingonesonmentalstamina.Creativityforlogicalthinkersand“zoomlearning

Otheroutfitsdrawmoredirectlyontheexerciseanalogy,offering“neurotics”courses

withnameslike“brainsets”and“cerebralfitness”.Thentherearebookswithtitleslike

Pumpinglons,fullofbrainteasersthatclaimto“flexyourmind”,andsoftwarepackages

Offefingmemoryandspatial-awarenessgames.

DButwhateverthestyle,thecompanies’salespitchisinvariablythesame--followour

routinestoshapeandsculptyourbrainormind,justasyoumighttoneandtrainyour

body.And,ofcourse,theynearlyallclaimthattheirmentalworkoutsdrawonserious

scientificresearchandthinkingintohowthebrainworks.

EOneoutfit,BrainergyofCambridge,Massachusetts（motto:

“Becauseyourgreymatter

（书本280页）

matters”）putsitlikethis:

“Studieshaveshownthatmentalexercisecancausechangesin

brainanatomyandbrainchemistrywhichpromoteincreasedmentalefficiencyandclarity.

Theneuroscienceiscutting-edge.”Andonitswebsite,MindGymtradesonaquotefrom

SusanGreenfield,oneofBritain’sbestknownneuroscientists:

“It’sabitlikegoingtothe

gym,ifyouexerciseyourbrainitwillgrow.”

FIndeed,theMindGymofiginallyplannedtoholditssessionsinalocalhealthclub,until

itsfoundersrealisedwheretherealmoneywastobemade.Moderncompaniesneed

flexible,brightthinkersandwillseizeonanythingthatclaimstocreatethem,especially

Ifitlookslikeaquickfixbackedbyscience.Butareneuroticworkoutsreallybackedby

science?

Anddoweneedthem?

GNoristhereanythingremotelyhigh-techaboutwhatLawrenceKatz,co-authorofkeep

YourBrainAlive,recommends.Katz,aneurobiologistatDukeUniversityMedicalSchool

inNorthCarolina,arguesthatjustasmanyofusfailtogetenoughphysicalexercise,so

wealsolacksufficientmentalstimulatintokeepourbrainintrim.Surewearebusywith

jobs,familyandhousework.Butmostofthisactivityisrepetitiveroutine.Andanyleisure

timeisspentslumpedinfrontoftheTV.

HSo,readabookupsidedown.Wreteorbrushyourteethwithyourwronghand.Feelyour

wayaroundtheroomwithyoureyesshut.Sniffvanellaessencewhilelisteningintently

toorchestralmusic.Anything,saysKatz,tobreakyournormalmentalroutine.Itwill

helpinvigorateyourbrain,encouragingitscellstomakenewconnectionsandpumpout

Neurotrophins,substancesthatfeedandsustainbraincircuits.

IWell,uptoapointitwill.“WhatI’mreallytalkingaboutisbrainmaintenanceratherthan

bulkingupyourIQ,”Katzadds.Neurotics,inotherwords,isaboutlettingyourbrain

fulfillitspotential.Itcannotcreatesupef-brains.Canitachieveeventhatmuch,though?

Certainlythebrainisanorganthatcanadapttothedemandsplacedonit.Testsonanimal

braintissue,forexample,haverepeatedlyshownthatelectricallystimulatingthesynapses

tatconnectnervecellsthoughttobecrucialtolearningandreasoning,makesthem

strongerandmoreresponsive.Brainscanssuggestweusealotmoreofourgreymatter

whencarryingoutneworstrangetasksthanwhenwe’redoingwell-rejearsedones.Rats

raisedinbrightcageswithtoyssproutmoreneuralconnectionsthanratsraisedinbare

cages--suggestingperhapsthatnoveltyandvarietycouldbecrucialtoadeveloping

brain.Katzandneurologistshaveprovedtimeandagainthatpeoplewholosebrain

cellssuddenlyduringastrokeoftensproutnewconnectionstocompensatefortheloss

especiallyiftheyundergoextensivetherapytoovercomeanyparalysis.

JGuyClaxton,aneducationalpsychologistattheUniversityofBristol,dismissesmostof

（书本281页）

theneurologicalapproachesas“neuron-babble”.Nevertheless,therearespecificmental

skillswecanloam,hecontends.Desirableattributessuchascreativity,mentalflexibilety,

andevenmotivation,arenotthefixedfacultiesthatmostofusthink.Theyarethought

habitsthatcanbelearned.Theproblem,saysClaxton,isthatmostofusnevergetproper

trainingintheseskills.Wedevelopourownpfivatesetofmentalstrategiesfortackling

tasksandneverlearnanythingexplicitly.Worsestill,becauseanylearnedskill--even

Drivingacarofbrushingourteeth--quicklysinksoutofconsciousness,wecannolonger

Seetheverythoughthabitswe’rerelyingupon.Ourmentaltoolsbecomeinvisbletous.

KClaxtonistheacademicadvisertotheMindGym.Sonotsurprisingly,thecompany

epouseshissolution--thatwemustreturnourthoughtpatternstoaconsciouslevel,

becomingawareofthedetailsofhowweusuallythink.Onlythencanwestartto

practisebetterthoughtpatterns,untileventuallythesebecomeournewhabits.Switching

metaphors,picturenotgymclasses,buttennisorrootballcoaching.

LInpractice,thetrainingcanseemquitemundane.Fofexample,inoneoftheeight

differentcreativityworkoutsofferedbytheMindGym--entitled“creativityforlogical

thinkers”--oneofthementalstrategiestaughtistomakeasensiblesuggestion,then

immediatelyposeitsopposite.So,askedtospendfiveminrtesinventinganewpizza,a

groupsooncomesupwithnotopping,sweettopping,coldtopping,pricebasedontime

ofday,flat-ratepricesandsoon.

MBaileyagreesthatthetrickissimple.Butitissurprisinghowfewsuchtrickspeople

havetocalluponwhentheyaresuddenlyaskedtobecreative:

“Theytendtojustlabel

themselvesasuncreative,notrealisingthattherearetechniqudsthateverycreative

personemploys.”Baileysaystheaimistointroducepeopletohalfadozenorsosuch

strategiesinasessionsothatwhatatfirstseemslikeadauntinglyabstractmentaltask

becomesasetofconcrete,leasablebehaviours.Headmitsthisisnotashortcuttogenius.

Neurologically,somepeopledostartwithquickercircuitsorgreaterhandlingcapacity.

However,withtherightkindoftfaininghethinkswecandramaticallyincreasehow

efficientlyweuseit.

NItishardtoprovethatthetrainingitselfiseffective.Howdoyoumeasureachangein

anemployee’screativitylevels,ormemoryskills?

Butstaffcertainlyreportfeelingthat

suchclasseshaveopenedtheireyes..So,neurologicalboostingofpsychologicaltraining?

Atthemomentyoucanpayyourmoneyandtakeyourchoice.Claxtonforonebelieves

thereisnoreasonwhyschoolsanduniversitiesshouldn’tspendmoretimeteaching

basicthinkingskills,ratherthantryingtostuffheadswithfactsandhopingthateffective

thoughthabitsaresomehowabsorbedbyosmosis.

（书本282页）

Question1-8

Usetheinformationinthepassagetomatchthepeople（listedA-D）withpoinionsofdeeds

Below.

Writetheappropriateletters,A-D,inboxes1-8onyouranswersheet.

NBYoumayuseanylettermorethanonce

AGuyClaxton

BSebastianBailey

CSusanGreenfield

DLawrenceKatz

1Wedonothaveenoughinspirationtokeepourbrainsfit.

2Themoreyouexerciseyourbrainlikeexerciseinthegym,themoreyourbrainwillgrow.

3Exercisecankeepyourbrainhealthyinsteadofimprovingsomeone’sIQ.

4Itisvaluableforschoolstoteachstudentsaboutcreativeskillsbesidesbasicknownknowledge.

5Wecandevelopnewneuronconnectinonsthenweloseoldconnectionsviacertaintreatment.

6Peopleusuallymarkthenselvesasnotcreativebeforefiguringoutthereareapproaches

Foreachperson.

7AninstructorinMindGymwhoguidedtheemployeestoexercise.

8Majorityofpeopledon’thaveappropriateskills-trainingforbrain.

大脑体操答案：

核心词汇：

2013-2014雅思考试阅读目录