中考英语主谓一致全面总结.docx
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中考英语主谓一致全面总结
Grammar
Subject-VerbAgreement（主谓一致）
主谓一致指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系。
1.语法一致原则
如果主语是单数，谓语动词则用单数形式；
如果主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。
eg.Bothparties______theirownadvantages.
Herjob_____somethingtodowithcomputers.
2.意义一致原则
有时，主语和谓语动词的一致关系取决于主语的单、复数意义，而不是语法上的单、复数形式，这样的一致关系就是意义一致。
Hisfamily______（be）abigfamily.
Hisfamily_______（be）listeningtomusic
whenhecameback.
ThepopulationinChina______（be）verylarge,andeightyofthepopulationinChina_____（be）farmers.
3.就近原则
有时，谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的词语。
e.g.Eithermygrandsonsortheirfather__（be）coming.
NeitherRichardnorI_____（be）going.
（1）谓语动词常用复数的情况
Theteachersarerespectedintheworld.
1）主语为复数名词或代词
Thepolicearelookingforthemissingchild.
Thecattlearekeptinhisfarm.
2）当people,police,cattle等集体名词作主语，形式上为单数而意义却是复数，谓语用复数。
TheOlympicGamesareheldonceeveryfouryears.
TheRockymountainsstandinthewestofthenorthAmerica.
3）山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等s结尾的复数名词作主语。
Thericharenotalwayshappy.
Generallyspeaking,theyoungareeagerforsuccess.
4）the+adj.表示一类人或物做主语时
如blind,deaf,living,dead,
the+wounded,poor,rich
old,young等
但指个人或抽象概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Theunknownisalwayssomethingtobefeared.
Thebeautifulisalwayslovedbypeople.
TheWhitesaregoingtomakeatriptoLondon.
TheGreenswerewatchingTVwhenafirebrokeout.
5）the+姓的复数形式表一家人
（二）谓语动词常用单数的情况
1）可数名词的单数及不可数名词作主语时。
Theadviceispractical.
2）表示时间、距离、金钱、长度、重量等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时。
Twentyyearsisonlyashorttimeinhumanhistory.
3）主语从句、动词不定式、动名词形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Lookingafterthechildrenismyfulltimejob.
Todieforthepeopleisaworthydeath.
Whenandwheretoholdthemeetingisunknown.
Whateverwasleftwastakenaway.
4）以-S结尾的单数名词，形式为复数而意义为单数。
如表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称作主语,（news,physics,maths，politics）谓语用单数。
TheUnitedstatesismadeupof50states.
TheTimesisanewspaperfortheBritishgovernment
GreatExpectationswaswrittenbyCharlesDickensin1860.
5）clothing,furniture,traffic,jewellery,baggage,equipment,luggage等无生命的集合名词作主语。
Clothingisbadlyneededinthisfloodedarea.
6）each
neither+of+the+复数名词或代词
Either
Eachofus_____adictionary.
Eitherofthebooksonthetable_______tome.
Neitherofthem___fitforthejob.
7）manya/each/every
either/neither+单数名词
morethanone
Manyastudent__________thefilm.
Neitherstory____true.
Morethanonestudenthasseenthefilm.
Morestudentsthanonehaveseenthefilm.
注意：
当each放在主语后作同位语时，不决定谓语单复数。
Theyeachhaveadictionary.=
Eachofthemhasadictionary.
8）everyevery
each+名词单数＋and+each+名词单数作主语时
nono谓语用单数
manyamanya
Everydeskandeverychair___madeofwood.
Manyaboyandmanyagirl____madethesamemistake.
9）由some,any,no,every+one/thing/body
所构成的复合不定代词做主语时，谓语用单数。
Nobody______togothere.
Something______beendonetoendthestrike.
（3）其它情况
1）用and或both…and…连接的两个名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
但是如果and连接的两个名词作主语，指同一个人或事或整体概念，谓语动词用单数（如果是可数名词的单数这时and后面的名词一般没有冠词）。
用is/are填空：
EnglishandChinesequitedifferentlanguages.
Waterandairbothimportant.
Ayoungmanandagirltogothere.
Thesingerandthewriterfamoustomanyyoungpeople
Themanagerandsecretaryasbusyasabeeallday
Thesingerandwriterfamoustoeveryone.
Warandpeace（战争与和平）aconstantthemeinhistory.
Aknifeandfork（刀叉）neededforawesternmeal.
Breadandbutter（黄油面包）servedforbreakfast.
Earlytobedandearlytorise_____（早睡早起）agoodhabit.
常用的一些表示整体概念的词
ironandsteel钢铁
lawandorder治安
awatchandchain一块带链的表
Aneedleandthread针线
acoatandtie配有领带的上衣
2）单、复数同形的名词作主语时，按意义一致的原则。
作单数意义时，谓语动词用单数，反之谓语动词用复数。
这类名词有：
sheep,fish,deer,means（方法）,species（种类）,works（工厂）,Chinese,Japanese等。
选择填空
has/have
Everymeans_____beentriedoutwithoutmuchresult.
Allmeans_______beentriedoutwithoutmuchresult.
was/were
Thisshoeworks_____setupin1980.
Thoseshoeworks______allsetupin1980.
3）表示成双成套的名词，如：
chopsticks（筷子）,
compasses,clothes,glasses,jeans,scissors,shoes,socks,trousers,gloves,shorts
等，作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式；
ChopsticksmainlyareusedinChina.
但如与akindof,apairof,thepairof,
aseriesof连用，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
如：
Thiskindofbooks____useful.
=Booksofthiskind____useful.
4）某些集体名词（如family,team等）作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数形式；如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数。
类似动词还有：
class,club,company,crowd,enemy,government,group,party,public,team等。
5）就近原则
下列连词连接两个主语时，及therebe句型有多个并列主语，谓语应与最靠近的主语保持一致。
AorB
eitherAorB
neitherAnorB动词与靠近的主语一致
notonlyAbutalsoB
therebeA,BandC
notAbutB
1）Eitherthegirlortheboy____inCanada.（is/are）
2）NeitherhenorI______theanswer.（knows/know）
3）NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary_____tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.
4）You,heorIright.
5）_____eitherheoryouright?
（be）
（注意就近原则在疑问中的使用）
6）Youorhe_______toblame．
____youorhetoblame?
A．is，IsB．are，AreC．is，AreD．are，Is
7）Eitheryouortheheadmaster______theprizetothosegiftedstudentsatthemeeting.（NMET1994）
A.ishandingoutB.aretohandout
C.arehandingoutD.istohandout
6）就前原则
当主语后面跟有aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,alongwith,with,like,ratherthan,togetherwith,but,except,besides,including,inadditionto等词组时，其谓语动词的单复数按主语的单复数而定。
1）Theteacher,with6girlsand8boysofherclass,___visitingamuseumwhentheearthquakestruck.（NMET2004北京卷）
A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wouldbe
2）NobodybutJohnandHelenabsent.
I,ratherthanyou，responsiblefortheaccident.
7）anumberof+n（复数）作主语，谓语用复数。
thenumberof+n（复数）作主语，谓语用单数
Thenumberofthepeopleinvited______fifty,butanumberofthem______absentfordifferentreasons.
A.were,wasB.was;was
C.was;wereD.were;were
8）alargequantity/amountof+n谓语由of后的名词单复形式决定
largequantities/amountsof+n（可数/不可数）谓语复数
Alargequantityofpeople_______neededhere.
Alargequantityofwater____neededhere.
Largequantitiesoffood_______gonebad.
9）关系代词作主语，定语从句谓语动词的形式取决于其先行词的单复数。
Heisoneofthefewpersonswho______agoodknowledgeofItalian.
当one之前有theonly修饰时，one是who的先行词，从句谓语动词用单数。
Heistheonlyoneoftheboyswho_______givenaprize.
10）倒装句中，必须认准哪是主语。
如：
1）Betweenthetwobuildings（stand）amonument.
2）Ontheship___________（be）over2,200people.
3）Morethan1,500peoplelosttheirlives.
Amongthose________（be）theyoungwoman.
11）such,thesame起指示代词作用，应根据其所指的内容来确定单、复数。
如：
Such___ourplan.
Such_____myhopes.
12）all做主语表示人时，谓动用复数；若表物，谓动则用单数。
All____wellthatendswell.
All_____eagertoreachanagreement.
13）partof/halfof/…percentof/onethirdof+名词,谓语动词要与of后面的名词保持一致。
Onethirdofthelandissoldbythegovernment.
常用的一些表示整体概念的词
ironandsteel钢铁
lawandorder治安
awatchandchain一块带链的表
Aneedleandthread针线
acoatandtie配有领带的上衣
Exercises
1.Eachofyou______responsiblefortheaccident.
A.am B.be C.is D.are
2. Eachmanandwoman______thesamerights.
A.has B.have
C.had D.ishaving
3. Everymeans______triedbutwithoutmuchresult.
A.hasbeen B.havebeen
C.are D.is
4. There______inthisroom.
A.aretoomuchfurniture
B.istoomanyfurnitures
C.aretoomuchfurnitures
D.istoomuchfurniture
5. Themanagerorhisassistant______planningtogo.
A.were B.are C.was D.be
6. NotonlyIbutalsoDavidandIris______fondofplayingbasketball.
A.am B.is C.are D.was
7. NeitherTomnorhisparents______athome.
A.is B.are C.has D.was
8. Eitherthedeanortheprincipal______themeeting.
A.attends B.attend
C.areattending D.haveattended
9. ______waswrong.
A.Nottheteacherbutthestudents
B.Boththestudentsandtheteacher
C.Neithertheteachernorthe
students
D.Notthestudentsbuttheteacher
10. “______twentydollarsabigsumtoher?
”
“Isupposeso.”
A.Willbe B.Is C.Are D.Were
11. Threehours______enoughforustofinishthetask.
A.are B.has C.is D.were
12. Mostofhissavings（存款）______intheXinHuaBank.
A.hasbeenkept
B.isbeingkept
C.havekept
D.havebeenkept
13. Allthatcanbedone______.
A.hasdone
B.hasbeendone
C.havedone
D.havebeendone
14. Oneorperhapsmorepages_______.
A.ismissing
B.hasbeenmissed
C.aremissing
D.wasmissing
15. Morethanoneworker______dismissed.
A.havebeen B.are
C.hasbeen D.has
16. Whiskeyandsoda______ hisfavoritedrink.
A.is B.are
C.were D.havebeen
17. Manyastudent___theimportanceoflearningaforeignlanguage.
A.haverealized
B.hasrealize
C.havebeenrealized
D.hasbeenrealized
18. Thegasworks______nearthecity.
A.is B.are C.were D.be
19.Thesurroundings（环境）ofhishouse______cleannow.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
20.Thecommittee___overtheproblemamongthemselvesfortwohours.
A.hasargued
B.hasbeenarguing
C.haveargued
D.havebeenarguing
21.Thepublic______generousintheircontributionstotheearthquakevictims.
A.is B.was C.are D.hasbeen
22. Cattle______onthehillside.
A.grazes B.isgrazing
C.wasgrazing D.weregrazing
23.Herpolitics______neitherconservativenorliberal.
A.is B.are C.was D.hasbeen
24. Measles（麻疹）______akindofinfectiousillness.
A.is B.are
C.were D.havebeen
25. ThePhilippines______tothesouth-eastofChina.
A.lies B.lie C.lay D.lays
26.Maryisoneofthegirlswho______
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