学年高一英语北师大版必修3学业分层测评1819 Unit 8 单元综合检测2.docx
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学年高一英语北师大版必修3学业分层测评1819Unit8单元综合检测2
单元综合检测
（二）
Ⅰ.阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
A
ExactlyadecadehaspassedsinceamancalledOxygenfirstthrewhimselfacrossAmerica.Knownforhisjumpingability，Oxygen，aCzech，whojumpedanearly10 foot wideabyss（深渊）．Today，PetrKops，21，iswearingOxygen'spants．“IdidnotknowOxygenpersonally，butmysisterdid，”Kopssaid.“Iwearhistrousersforgoodluck.”Minuteslater，Kopswasstandingattheedgeofa70footabysscalledBrokenBones.
Whileitmayseemsuicidal（自杀的），jumpingacrossagapisactuallyanextremesportthatisgaininginpopularity.Calledrockjumping，orsimplyjumping，thisactivityistakingplaceintheAdrspachTepliceRocks，aremotenaturepreserveinthenortheastpartoftheCzechRepublic.Knownforits11squaremilesofsandstone，theregionhasbeenlovedbylifelongrockclimbers.“Theaimistogettothetopofasmanytowersasyoucan.”saidVladimirProchazka，knownasJuneBug，a59yearoldclimberandacollectorofCzechrockclimbinghistories.
Jumpingisoftenthemostpossiblewaytogettothetower.Inmostcases，climbersjumpwitharopetiedaroundtheirwaist.Iftheymissthelanding—whichisnotuncommon—theywillfallintothewallofthebasetower.“Jumpingrequiresfearlessness，”Prochazkasaid.“Brokenordamagedbonesarefairlycommon.”Still，therearethosewhoprefertoexperiencebyjumpingwithoutarope.AmongthemostwellknownoftheseadventurersarePetrPrachtelandhiswife，Zorka，whohelpedcreatethesportinthe1960s.Theypioneeredcountlessjumps，sometimeswithoutthesafetyofarope.
【语篇解读】 文章介绍了起源于捷克共和国的跳岩运动。
文章介绍了该运动的起源、分级和在该运动中几个关键的人物。
1．Whatdoes“pants”probablymeaninthefirstparagraph?
A．Shoes. B．Trousers.
C．Jackets.D．Shirts.
B [词义猜测题。
根据下文中的“Iwearhistrousersforgoodluck.”可知他穿的是Oxygen的裤子。
故该题的正确答案为B项。
]
2．WhydidPetrKopswearOxygen'strousers?
A．BecauseheknewOxygenverywell.
B．BecauseOxygenwasgoodatwearing.
C．Becausehewantedtobelucky.
D．BecauseOxygenhadpoorjumpingability.
C [推理判断题。
根据文章第一段的“Iwearhistrousersforgoodluck.”可知他是为了好运，故该题的正确答案为C项。
]
3．Rockjumpingis．
A．becominglessandlesspopularforitissofaraway
B．toodangeroustoattractanypeople
C．appearedinthesoutheastpartoftheCzechRepublic
D．lovedbypeoplewhocanfacethedanger
D [细节理解题。
根据第二段的“...thatisgaininginpopularity”可知A和B的说法是错误的；根据第二段的第一句“Whileitmayseemsuicidal（自杀的），jumpingacrossagapisactuallyanextremesportthatisgaininginpopularity.”可知该运动类似“自杀”，故一定为一些喜欢冒险的人所钟爱。
故该题的正确答案为D项。
]
B
（2018·全国Ⅲ卷，B）Citiesusuallyhaveagoodreasonforbeingwheretheyare，likeanearbyportorriver.Peoplesettleintheseplacesbecausetheyareeasytogettoandnaturallysuitedtocommunicationsandtrade.NewYorkCity，forexample，isnearalargeharbouratthemouthoftheHudsonRiver.Over300yearsitspopulationgrewgraduallyfrom800peopleto8million.Butnotallcitiesdevelopslowlyoveralongperiodoftime.Boomtownsgrowfromnothingalmostovernight.In1896，Dawson，Canada，wasunmappedwilderness（荒野）．Butgoldwasdiscoveredtherein1897，andtwoyearslater，itwasoneofthelargestcitiesintheWest，withapopulationof30，000.
DawsondidnothaveanyofthenaturalconveniencesofcitieslikeLondonorParis.Peoplewentthereforgold.Theytravelledoversnow coveredmountainsandsailedhundredsofmilesupicyrivers.ThepathtoDawsonwascoveredwiththirtyfeetofwetsnowthatcouldfallwithoutwarning.Anavalanche（雪崩）onceclosedthepath，killing63people.FormanywhomadeittoDawson，however，therewardswereworththedifficulttrip.Ofthefirst20，000peoplewhodugforgold，4，000gotrich.About100ofthesestayedrichmenfortherestoftheirlives.
Butnomatterhowrichtheywere，Dawsonwasnevercomfortable.Necessitieslikefoodandwoodwereveryexpensive.Butsoon，thegoldthatDawsondependedonhadallbeenfound.Thecitywascrowdedwithdisappointedpeoplewithnointerestinsettlingdown，andwhentheyheardtherewerenewgolddiscoveriesinAlaska，theyleftDawsonCityasquicklyastheyhadcome.Today，peoplestillcomeandgotoseewheretheCanadiangoldrushhappened.TourismisnowthechiefindustryofDawsonCity—itspresentpopulationis762.
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了加拿大道森的历史、发展与现状。
4．WhatattractedtheearlysettlerstoNewYorkCity?
A．Itsbusinessculture.
B．Itssmallpopulation.
C．Itsgeographicalposition.
D．Itsfavourableclimate.
C [细节理解题。
根据第一段中的“NewYorkCity，forexample，isnearalargeharbouratthemouthoftheHudsonRiver.Over300yearsitspopulationgrewgraduallyfrom800peopleto8million.”可推知，由于纽约市地处哈德逊河入海口，其优越的地理位置吸引了早期的定居者。
C选项“Itsgeographicalposition.”正确。
A选项“它的贸易文化”，B选项“它的少量人口”，D选项“它的有利气候”在文中均无信息支撑。
]
5．WhatdoweknowaboutthosewhofirstdugforgoldinDawson?
A．Twothirdsofthemstayedthere.
B．Oneoutoffivepeoplegotrich.
C．Almosteveryonegaveup.
D．Halfofthemdied.
B [细节理解题。
根据第二段中的“Ofthefirst20，000peoplewhodugforgold，4，000gotrich.”可知，在最先的两万淘金者中，有4000人变得富有了，换言之，即有五分之一的人（Oneoutoffivepeople）变得富有了，故答案为B。
A项属于无中生有，文中并未提及最先到达道森的20000人中有三分之二的人留在了那里；C项说几乎大家都放弃了，这与下文描述的五分之一的人变得富有矛盾；文中第二段提到在前往道森的途中，雪崩造成了63人死亡，并非是10000人死亡，故D项错误。
]
6．WhatwasthemainreasonformanypeopletoleaveDawson?
A．Theyfoundthecitytoocrowded.
B．Theywantedtotrytheirluckelsewhere.
C．Theywereunabletostandthewinter.
D．Theywereshortoffood.
B [细节理解题。
根据第三段中的“Butsoon...andwhentheyheardtherewerenewgolddiscoveriesinAlaska，theyleftDawsonCityasquicklyastheyhadcome”可知，当道森的黄金都被发掘后，人们听说在阿拉斯加发现了新的金矿，他们便很快离开道森了。
由此可推知，他们是想去阿拉斯加碰碰运气。
A项属偷换概念，文中说的是“Thecitywascrowdedwithdisappointedpeoplewithnointerestinsettlingdown”（这个城市到处都是感到失望且无心定居下来的人们）。
C项属无中生有，文中并未说他们不能忍受这里的冬季。
D项属曲解文意，文章提到“Necessitieslikefoodandwoodwereveryexpensive”（诸如食品和木材这样的生活必需品非常昂贵），并非是说他们缺少食品。
]
7．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?
A．Theriseandfallofacity.
B．ThegoldrushinCanada.
C．Journeysintothewilderness.
D．TourisminDawson.
A [主旨大意题。
本文主要以道森为例，讲述了城市的兴衰，故A项正确。
B项“加拿大淘金热”，以偏概全；C项“荒野之旅”，曲解文意；D项“道森的旅游业”，不符合文意。
]
C
Runnerswhoencountervisualandauditorydistractions（干扰）maybemorelikelytosufferleginjuries，accordingtoresearchbytheAssociationofAcademicPhysiatristsinLasVegas.Runnersoftenseekdistractionfromthetaskathand.Whetheritbemusic，texting，daydreaming，takinginthesights，orproppingabookuponthetreadmill（跑步机），moreoftenthannotadistractioniswelcome.But，researchersfromtheUniversityofFloridahaverecentlydiscoveredthosedistractionsmayleadtoinjury.
DanielHerman，MD，assistantprofessoratUniversityofFlorida，andhisteamconductedresearchontheeffectsofvisualandauditorydistractionson14runnerstodeterminewhateffectthesedistractionswouldhaveonthingssuchasheartrate，howmanytimesarunnerbreathesperminuteandhowmuchoxygenisconsumedbythebody.
Therunnerswereallinjuryfreeatthetimeofthestudyandran31mileseachweek.Dr.Herman'steamhadeachparticipantrunonatreadmillthreeseparatetimes.Thefirsttimewaswithoutanydistractions.Thesecondtimeaddedavisualdistraction，duringwhichtherunnersconcentratedonascreendisplayingdifferentlettersindifferentcolorswiththerunnerhavingtonotewhenaspecificletter colorcombinationappeared.Thethirdtimeaddedanauditorydistractionsimilartothevisualdistraction，withtherunnerhavingtonotewhenacertainwordwasspokenbyacertainvoice.
Whencomparedtorunningwithoutdistractions，theparticipantsappliedforcefastertotheirleftandrightlegscalledloadingrate，withauditoryandvisualdistractions.Theyalsoexperiencedanincreasedamountofforcefromthegroundonbothlegs，calledgroundreactionforce，withauditorydistractions.Finally，therunnerstendedtobreatheheavierandhavehigherheartrateswithvisualandauditorydistractionsthanwithoutanydistractionsatall.
“Runninginenvironmentswithdifferentdistractionsmayunfavorablyaffectrunningperformanceandincreaseinjuryrisk，”explainsDr.Herman.“Sometimesthesethingscannotbehelped，butyoumaybeabletominimizepotentiallycumulative（累积的）effects.Forexample，whenrunninganewrouteinachaoticenvironmentsuchasduringadestinationofmarathon，youmaywanttoskiplisteningtosomethingwhichmayrequiremoreattention—likeanewsongplaylist.”
Dr.Herman'steamwillcontinuetoinvestigatethepotentialrelationshipbetweendistractedrunningandleginjuries，andanyeffectthisrelationshiphasondifferenttrainingtechniquesthatuseauditoryorvisualcues.
【语篇解读】 说明文。
研究表明，跑步时受到视听干扰可能导致受伤。
8．Paragraph2tellsustheresearch．
A．processB．question
C．resultsD．reflection
B [细节理解题。
根据whateffect，howmanytimesandhowmuchoxygen可知选B。
]
9．Basedontheresearch，runnerswithauditorydistractionstendedto．
A．breatheheavierandhavelowerheartrates
B．gainafasterspeedwithslowerloadingrates
C．applymoreforcewithlessoxygenconsumption
D．getanincreasedamountofgroundreactionforce
D [细节理解题。
根据Theyalsoexperiencedanincreasedamountofforcefromthegroundonbothlegs，calledgroundreactionforce，withauditorydistractions.可知，受到听力干扰后，双脚感受到更多的反作用力。
]
10．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?
A．Runningwithdistractionsbecomesuncommonnowadays.
B．Listeningtoanewsongwhilerunningensureperformance.
C．Runnersareadvisedtominimizedistractionsinadestinationofmarathon.
D．Runnersaremorelikelytogetinjuredinanenvironmentwithoutdistractions.
C [推理判断题。
根据倒数第二段可知，Dr.Herman建议跑步者把干扰最小化。
]
11．WhatisprobablythenexttaskforDr.Herman'steam?
A．Whatdeterminestrainingtechniques
B．Whateffectivewayscancureleginjuries
C．Whyrunnersuseauditoryandvisualcues
D．Howdistractionsshouldbeusedintraining
C [推理判断题。
根据anyeffectthisrelationshiphasondiffere
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