宾语从句讲课讲稿.docx
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宾语从句讲课讲稿
宾语从句
一、宾语从句的种类和用法
(一)语法意义
1.宾语从句是一种名词性从句,在句中作及物动词的宾语,或介词的宾语,或形容词的宾语。
2.根据引导词的不同,宾语从句可分为三类:
由that引导的宾语从句,由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句,由if或whether引导的宾语从句。
(二)重点运用
1.由that引导的宾语从句。
that只有语法作用,没有实际的意义,在从句中不作任何成分,此时从句的成分齐全,句意明确,在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。
例如:
(1)陈述句充当宾语从句时
Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.
Shedoesn’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.
(2)主句谓语动词为think,hope等表示“想,认为”等意义的动词时
HethinksthathissonmayfailtheChineseexam.
Ihopethatyouwilljoinustomorrow.
注意:
(否定转移)
主句谓语动词是表示“想,认为”等意义的动词,如think,believe,imagine,suppose,expect,guess等,主句的主语是第一人称且主句是一般现在时时,主句的否定一般要转移到从句中。
其反意疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。
如:
Idon’tthinkthey’llwaittothelastminute.
Idon’tbelievethat’shisfault,isn’tit?
(3)主句的谓语动词是“be+afraid等形容词”构成的复合谓语
一般而言,这些形容词大都描述主语的心理活动或感情状态。
that引导的从句说明产生这些情绪的原因。
(sorry,sure,glad,happy,angry,worry)
I’mextremelysorrythatIhavelostyoubook.
练习:
1.Hesaid________shewouldleavethemessageontheheadmaster'sdesk.
A.that B.where C.which D.what
2.MaryisveryhappyshecouldgotoShanghai.
A.that B.where C.which D.what
3.Theyaresuretheyhavetherighttoentertheoffice.
A.that B.where C.which D.what
2.由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句。
(1)由连接代词引导的宾语从句
宾语从句可由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which等引导,在宾语从句中充当某个成分,因此不能省略。
Doyouknowwhowillteachusthisterm?
Didyouhearwhatshesaid?
Idon’tknowwhosethefootballis?
Couldyoutellmewhichbookisbetter?
(2)由连接副词引导的宾语从句
宾语从句可由连接副词when,where,why,how等引导,它们在宾语从句中作状语,因此不能省略。
Wedidn’tknowwhenyouusuallygotoschool.
CanyoutellmehowIgettothebusstation?
Pleaseexplainwhyyouwerelateforclass.
MikeaskedmehowIcoulddoitwithoutanyhelp.
注意:
1、how与某些形容词或副词构成的词组也可引导宾语从句,主要有howold,howlong,howfar,howmany/much,howoften等。
Doyouknowhowmuchisthebag?
2、可接连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句的动词或动词短语常用的有see,say,tell,ask,answer,know,decide,findout,show,remember,choose等。
练习:
1.Canyoutellme___youwereborn,Betty?
A.whoB.whatC.whenD.that
2.Ihardlyunderstand___hehastoldme.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who
3.Heaskedme_____toldmetheaccident.
AwhomBwhichCwhoDwhose
4.Couldyoutellme_________thenearesthospitalis?
A.whatB.howC.whetherD.where
5.It’suptoyoutodecide_______you’llgothere,byairorbyroad.
A.howB.whyC.thatD.when
6.Doyouknowtothatpostoffice?
A.howmuchisitB.howfaritisC.howfarisitD.howlongitis
3.由if或whether引导的宾语从句。
If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。
if、whether一般情况下可以互换,但在一些情况下只能用whether,不能用if。
(1)可用whether/if的情况
Whether/if引导的从句原为一般疑问句,变为宾语从句后,其语序有原来的倒装语序变为陈述语句,从句前面加上连词whether或if
Iwanttoknowif/whetherhelivesthere.
Heaskedmewhether/ifIcouldhelphim.
(2)只能用whether的情况
A.与ornot连用时
Ican’tsaywhetherornothewillcomeontime.
B.接带to的动词不定式时
Hedoesn’tknowwhethertogotothecinemaortowatchTVathome.
C.引导介词的宾语从句时
I’mnotinterestedinwhethershe’llbeinvited.
D.宾语从句提前时
WhethertheywilljoinintheWinterCampIdon’tcare.
练习:
1.Doyouknow________Icouldpasstheexam?
A.thatB.whetherC.whatD.which
2.Idon'tknow_________hewillcometomorrow._________hecomes,I'lltellyou.
A.if;WhetherB.whether;WhetherC.if;ThatD.if;If
3.Ihavenoideathatitwillrainornottomorrow.
A.ifB.whetherC.thatD.when
4.Theydidn’tknowtogoshoppingorgotohavelunchatthemoment.
A.ifB.whenC.howD.whether
5.Hedoesn’tpayattentionto
6.Iamwonderingtheywouldbelieveinme.
A.whatB.howC.whetherD.why
7.
二.宾语从句的语序
1、陈述句变为宾语从句,语序不变,即仍用陈述语序。
如:
Ihear(that)physicsisn’teasy.
2、疑问句(一般疑问句和特殊疑问句)变为宾语从句,原来的倒装语序要改为陈述语句。
如:
Idon’tknowifJacklikesfootball.
Pleasetellmewhenwe’llhavethemeeting.
练习:
1.Wouldyoupleasetellme_________next,MrWang?
A.whatshouldwedoB.weshoulddowhat
C.whatweshoulddoD.shouldwedowhat
2.Doyouknow?
A.whosechildheisB.whosechildishe
C.whosechildisheD.who'schildheis
3.Idon'tknow.
A.what'shisnameB.whatnameishis
C.whathisnameisD.whatwashisname
三.宾语从句的时态
宾语从句中,谓语动词的时态常常受到主句谓语动词的影响,因而在使用时要注意主从句的时态保持一致。
一般要遵循以下原则:
1.主句为现在时态或将来时态
主句谓语动词如果是现在时态或将来时态,从句谓语动词可用任何所需要的时态,不受主句时态的限制和影响,即宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。
如:
Iknowhedidn’ttellyouthathewouldcomethen.
I’llletyouknowwhetherI’llcomornotdirectlyafterIcheckmyplan.
2.主句为过去时态
主句谓语动词如果是过去时态,从句谓语动词一般要用与过去时态相关的时态。
a.从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语的动作同时发生。
HeaskedmeifIwasreadingnewspaperwhenhecamein.
b.从句用过去完成时,表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前。
HetoldmethathehadtoldMaryaboutthemeetingalready.
c.从句谓语用过去将来时,表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后。
HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.
d.从句谓语用一般现在时,表示客观事实或真理。
OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.
Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.
练习:
1.Heaskedwhattime.
A.itwasB.itisC.isitD.wasit
2.Hetoldmethathethesportsmeet.
A.preparesforB.willpreparefor
C.ispreparingforD.waspreparingfor
3.HeaskedifyoutoPeter.
A.writeB.wroteC.hadwrittenD.weregoingtowrite
4.HesaidthathetotheU.S.soon.
A.goesbackB.wouldgobackC.isgoingbackD.wentback
5.Shedoesn’tknowherparentstoEngland
同一个句子不同时间状语时态不一样
宾语从句综合练习:
一、单项选择
()1.Doyouknow_______duringthecomingsummerholiday?
A.whatwillTomdoB.whatdidTomdo
C.whatTomwilldoD.whatTomdid
()2.Iwanttoknow_________.
A.whatishisnameB.what’shisnameC.thathisnameisD.whathisnameis
()3.Doyouknow________Icouldpasstheexam?
A.thatB.whetherC.whatD.which
()4.Jimdoesn’tunderstand____________.
A.whichisthewaytothemuseumB.whyhiswifealwaysgoesshopping
C.whatisthewaytothemuseumD.whydoesshealwaysgoshopping
()5.---Couldyoutellme______sheislookingfor?
A.thatB.whoseC.whoD.which
()6.Mr.Kingdidn’tknow_______yesterdayevening.
A.whendoeshissoncomehomeB.whenhissoncomeshome
C.whendidhissoncomehomeD.whenhissoncamehome
()7.Couldyoutellme_______thebikethismorning?
A.howdoeshemendB.howhemendsC.howhemendedD.howdidhemend
()8.---I’mwaitingforthemail.Doyouknow________itwillarrive?
---Usuallyitcomesby4:
00.
A.howB.whereC.whenD.what
()9.---Excuseme,wouldyoupleasetellme________?
---Certainly.Gostraightalonghere.It’snexttoahospital.
A.howwecangettothepostofficeB.howcanwegettothepostoffice
C.howgettothepostofficeD.howcouldwegettothepostoffice
()10.---CanIhelpyou?
---Yes.I’dlikeatickettoMountEmei.Canyoutellme______taketogetthere?
A.howsoonwillitB.howsoonitwillC.howlongitwillD.howlongwillit
()11.Hewantedtoknow___________.
A.whetherhespeaksatthemeetingB.whenthemeetingwouldstart
C.whathe’sgoingtodoatthemeetingD.wherewouldthemeetingbeheld
()12.---Couldyoutellme_________theBambooGarden?
---Thedayaftertomorrow,Ithink.
A.whenwillyouvisitB.whenyouwillvisit
C.whenwouldyouvisitD.whenyouwouldvisit
()13.Wouldyoupleasetellme_________next,MrWang?
A.whatshouldwedoB.weshoulddowhat
C.whatweshoulddoD.shouldwedowhat
()14.Youcan’timagine_________whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.
A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywere
C.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited
()15.Iwanttoknow________youwillcomebackat8:
00tomorrow.
A.thatB.whenC.whereD.whether
()16.---Couldyoutellme____________?
---Sorry,Idon’tknow.Iwasnotatthemeeting.
A.whatdoeshesayatthemeetingB.whatdidhesayatthemeeting
C.whathesaysatthemeetingD.whathesaidatthemeeting
()17.---Couldyoutellme_________lastnight?
---Er,IwaswatchingEuro2004athome.
A.whatyouweredoingB.whatwereyoudoing
C.whatyouaredoingD.whatareyoudoing
()18.Theteacheraskedthestudents__________.
A.iftheywereinterestedindinosaurs
B.whenwasAlbertEinsteinborn
C.whattheywilldowiththecomputers
D.howmanytreestheyhaveplanted
()19.Everymorningthepatientsareaskedif________theirtemperaturetaken.
A.theyhadhadB.havetheyhadC.theyhavehadD.hadtheyhad
()20.It’suptoyoutodecide_______you’llgothere,byairorbyroad.
A.howB.whyC.thatD.when
二.按要求转换句型。
1.DoesMr.BrownenjoylivinginChina?
Couldyoutellus?
(改写句子)
→Couldyoutellus_________Mr.Brown_________livinginChina?
2."Doesthegirlneedanyhelp?
”heaskedme.(变为复合句)
→Heaskedme_________thegirl_________somehelp.
3.Jimisnotastudent.Tomisnotastudent,either.(合并为一个句子)
_________Jim_________Tomisastudent.
4.Whendoesthetrainleave?
Iwanttoknow.(改为含宾语从句的复合句)
Iwanttoknow_________thetrain_________.
5.Theywenthomeaftertheyhadfinishedtheirhomework.(用not...until改写)
They_________gohome_________theyhadfinishedtheirhomework.
6.DidPetercomehereyesterday?
LiLeiwantstoknow.(改为含宾语从句的复合句)
LiLeiwantstoknow_________Peter_________hereyesterday.
根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子
1.我认为玛丽不回来了。
Idon’tthinkMary__________________.
2.山姆给我说他准备去上海。
Samtoldmethathe____________________forShanghai.
3.请你告诉我去钟楼怎麽走吗?
Couldyoutellme________IcangettotheBellTower?
=Couldyoutellme____________gettotheBellTower?
4.父亲说他买了一台新电脑。
Fathersaidthathe______________________anewcomputer.
5.我想知道今天晚上还有没有去北京的火车。
Iwanttoknow____________thereisatraintoBeijing.
6.叔叔说他正在写一本新小说。
Unclesaidthathe___________________