财务会计英语.docx
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财务会计英语
一名词解释
1.会计Accounting:
Isaninformationsystemthatindentifies,records,andcommunicatesrelevant,reliable,andcomparableinformationaboutanorganization’sbusinessactivitiesthatcanbeexpressedinmonetaryterms.(会计是一个信息系统,用以确认,记录和披露企业可以用货币计量的经营活动的,可靠的可比的信息)
2.资产assets:
Assetsareresourceswithfuturebenefitsthatareownedorcontrolledbyacompany.(资产是由公司拥有和控制的未来能给企业带来经济利益的资源)
3.权责发生制accrualbasisofaccounting:
Meansthatrevenues,expensesandotherchangesinassets,liabilities,andowners’equityareaccountedforintheperiodinwhichtheeconomiceventtakesplace,notnecessarilywhenthecashinflowsandoutflowstakeplace.(收入,费用,资产和负债和所有者权益的变动应记录于交易发生的时期而不是相关的现金流入和流出的时期)
4.总账账户controlaccounts:
Groupedaccordingtotheelementsoffinancialstatement,thegeneralledgerholdstheindividualcontrolaccounts.
5.负债Liabilitiesaredefinedas“probablefuturesacrificesofeconomicbenefitsarisingfrompresentobligationsofaparticularentitytotransferassetsorprovideservicestootherentitiesinthefutureasaresultofpasttransactionsorevents.”(负债是指企业由过去的交易和事项引起的现行义务,即在未来向企业提供资产和服务,该义务的履行将导致企业经济利益的流出)
6.利润表incomestatement:
Anincomestatementisafinancialstatementshowingtheresultsofoperationsforabusinessbymatchingrevenueandrelatedexpensesforaparticularaccountingperiod.Itshowsthenetincomeornetloss.(利润表是财务报表的一种,通过将收入和费用配比反映一个企业一定时期的经营成果即净利润或净亏损)
7.费用Expense:
Generallyspeaking,expensesarecoststhatarechargedagainst,revenueandthatarerelatedtotheentity’sbasicbusiness.(一般来说,费用就是企业与主要经营活动收入相配比的那部分成本)
8.资产负债表balancesheetisafinancialstatementwhichshowsthefinancialpositionofabusinessentitybysummarizingtheassets,liabilitiesandowners’equalityataspecificdate.(资产负债表是用来列示公司的资产,负债和所有者权益,反映企业财务状况的报表)
9.永续盘存制perpetualinventorysystem:
Isasystemofaccountingformerchandisethatprovidesacontinuousrecordshowingthequantityandcostofallgoodsonhand.(永续盘存制就是对库存商品进行连续性记录以反映特有商品数量和金额的方法)
10.无形资产Intangibleassets:
Intangibleassetsformasub-sectionofthisgroupandarefurtherdefinedasidentifiablenon-monetaryassetswithoutphysicalsubstance.(是指企业的过去的活动形成的,由企业控制的,预期会给企业带来经济利益的资源)
二简答题
1.Statethestepsofestablishinginternalcontrolovercash(简述建立现金内部控制的程序)
Separatethefunctionofhandlingcashfromthemaintenanceofaccountingrecords(将现金收付与记账职务分离)
(1)Prepareanimmediatecontrollistingofcashreceiptsatthetimeandplacethatthemoneyisreceived(在收到现金的当时当地编制一份现金收入控制清单)
(2)Requirethatallcashreceiptsbedepositeddailyinthebank(每日都要将现金收入存入银行)
(3)Makeallpaymentsbycheck(所有的付款都以支票形式通过银行支付)
(4)Separatethefunctionofapprovingexpendituresfromthefunctionofsigningchecks(将核准支出职务与签发支票职务分离)
2.Whatarethequalitychatacteristicsofaccountinginformation(会计信息质量特征):
Relevance(相关性),reliability(可靠性),
understandability(可理解性),comparability(可比性)
3.Describethesteps(procedures)ofaccountingcycle(描述会计循环的步骤)
(1)identifytransactionsoreventstoberecorded(确认需要记录的交易或事项)
(2)journalizetransactionsandevents(将交易或事项登记到日记账)
(3)postingfromjournaltoledger(从日记账过入)
(4)prepareunadjustedtrialbalance(编制调整前余额试算表)
(5)journalizeandpostadjustingjournalentries(将调整分录计入日记账并过入分类账)
(6)prepareadjustedtrialbalance(编制调整后余额试算表)
(7)preparefinancialstatements(编制财务报表)
(8)journalizeandpostclosingentries(将结账分录计入日记账并过账)
(9)preparepost-closingtrialbalance(编制结账后余额试算表)
4.Brieflystatethefourassumptionsandexplain(简述四个会计假设)
Separateentity(会计主体假设),goingconcern(持续经营假设)
.,time-period(会计分期假设),monetaryunit(货币计量假设)
5.Brieflystatetheclassificationinvestmentinsecurities(简述有价证券的列报)
Tradingsecurities(交易性证券),held-to-maturitysecurities(持有至到期投资),available-for-salesecurities(可供出售的金融资产),long-terminvestmentinequitysecurities(长期股权投资)
6.Whataretheaccountingelements(会计要素)
Assets(资产),liabilities(负债),owners’equity(所有者权益),revenues(收入),expenses(费用),income(利润)
三、计算分录题
1.应收账款题
ThebalanceofA/Ris$300000,AllowanceforDoubtfulDebtis$400atendof2007.Thecompanyusethepercentofaccountreceivedmethodtoestimatethebaddebtsexpense,Thepercentageis0.3%,At2008ThebalanceofA/Ris$500000,AllowanceforDoubtfulDebtis$1650.Doadjustingentryfor2007and2008.(计算及分录)
①Thebaddebtsexpenseis300000*0.3%=900
AllowanceforDoubtfulDebtis400应计提的坏账=900-400=500
Dr:
BadDebtsExpense500
Cr:
AllowanceforDoubtfulAccounts500
②Thebaddebtsexpenseis500000*0.3%=1500
AllowanceforDoubtfulDebtis1650
1500-1650=-150(冲销)
Dr:
AllowanceforDoubtfulAccounts150
Cr:
BadDebtsExpense150
2固定资产计提折旧问题
购买固定资产原值155000分五年计提折旧第五年的残值为5000用三种方法计提折旧并写出会计分录。
①Straight-line-Method(直线法)一到五年的折旧额=(155000-5000)/5=30000
分录:
Dr:
Equipment155000
Cr:
Cash155000
Dr:
DepreciationExpense30000
Cr:
AccumulatedDepreciation30000
②Sum-of-the-year’s-digitsMethod(年数总和法)
第一年:
(155000-5000)*(5/15)=50000
第二年:
(155000-5000)*(4/15)=40000
第三年:
(155000-5000)*(3/15)=30000
第四年:
(155000-5000)*(2/15)=20000
第五年:
(155000-5000)*(1/15)=10000
分录:
Dr:
Equipment155000
Cr:
Cash155000
Dr:
DepreciationExpense50000
Cr:
AccumulatedDepreciation50000(以后年度以此类推)
③Double-declining-balanceMethod(双倍余额递减法)
Year:
ComputationDepreciationExpenseAccumulatedDepreciationBookValue
162000620006200093000
237200372009920055800
3223202232012152033480
4133921339213491220088
51508815088(扎差)1500005000
Dr:
Equipment155000
Cr:
Cash155000
Dr:
DepreciationExpense62000
Cr:
AccumulatedDepreciation62000(以后年度以此类推)
3.投资(held-to-MaturitySecurities)
1、溢价处理
<例>OnJanuary1,2006,HiandLoiscompanypurchased12%bondshavingamaturitiesvaluesof$300000for$322744.Thebondsprovidedthebondholderswitha10%yield.TheyaredatedJanuary1,2006andmatureJanuary1,2011withInterestreceivablepertember31ofeachyear,HiandLoiscompanyusestheeffective-interestmethod(实际利率法)toallocateunamortizeddiscountorpremium.Thebondsareclassifiedinthehold-tomaturitycategory.
(1)Instructure,preparethejournalentryatthedateofthebondpurchase
(购入处理)
OnJanuary1,2006
Dr:
Held-to-maturitysecurities322744
Cr:
cash322744
(2)preparebondamortizationschedule(溢价摊销表)
Date
cash
preserved
10%
Interest
Revenue
Premium
Amortized
(溢价值)
Carrying
Account
(账面价值)
06.01.01
$322744
06.12.31
$36000
$32274
$3726
319018
07.12.31
36000
31902
4098
314920
08.12.31
36000
31492
4508
310412
09.12.31
36000
31041
4959
305453
10.12.31
36000
30547
5453
300000
(3)以后各期的处理
2006.12.31日
Dr:
cash36000(=300000*12%)
Cr:
InterestRevenue32274(=322744*10%)
Held-to-maturitysecurities3726(差值)
期末账面价值=322744-3726=319018
2007.12.31日
Dr:
cash36000(=300000*12%)
Cr:
InterestRevenue31902(=319018*10%)
Held-to-maturitysecurities4098(差值)
期末账面价值=319018-4098=314920
(注:
以后各年数据也同样道理计算)
2、折价处理
<例>OnJanuary1,2006,HiandLoiscompanypurchased9%bondshavingamaturitiesvaluesof$300000for$288617.Thebondsprovidedthebondholderswitha10%yield.TheyaredatedJanuary1,2006andmatureJanuary1,2011withInterestreceivablepertember31ofeachyear,HiandLoiscompanyusestheeffective-interestmethod(实际利率法)toallocateunamortizeddiscountorpremium.Thebondsareclassifiedinthehold-tomaturitycategory.
(1)Instructure,preparethejournalentryatthedateofthebondpurchase(购入处理)
OnJanuary1,2006
Dr:
Held-to-maturitysecurities288617
Cr:
cash288617
(2)preparebondamortizationschedule(折价摊销表)
Date
cash
preserved
10%
Interest
Revenue
Discount
Amortized
(折价值)
Carrying
Account
(账面价值)
06.01.01
$288617
06.12.31
$27000
$28862
$1862
290479
07.12.31
27000
29048
2048
292527
08.12.31
27000
29253
2253
294779
09.12.31
27000
29478
2478
297257
10.12.31
27000
29743
2743
300000
(3)以后各期的处理
2006.12.31日
Dr:
cash27000(=300000*9%)
Held-to-maturitysecurities1862(差值)
Cr:
InterestRevenue28862(=288617*10%)
期末账面价值=288617+1862=290479
2007.12.31日
Dr:
cash27000(=300000*9%)
Held-to-maturitysecurities2048差值)
Cr:
InterestRevenue29048(=290479*10%)
期末账面价值=290479+2048=292527
(注:
以后各年数据也同样道理计算)
1Accounting会计isaninformationsystem.itmeasuresbusinessactivities,processesdataintoreports,andcommunicatesresultstopeople
2Financialaccounting财务会计(外部)thebranchofaccountingthatprovidesinformationtopeopleoutsidethefirm
Managementaccounting管理会计(内部)thebranchofaccountingthatgeneratesinfoemationfortheinternaldecisionmakersofabusiness,suchastopexecutives.
3流动资产包括currentassets
CashandCashequivalents现金及其等价物short-terminvestments短期投资Inventories存货
Accounts(notes)receivable应收账款(票据)prepaidexpensesandothercurrentassets预付账款(其他流动资产)
4Theaccount账户therecordofthechangesthathaveoccurredinaparticularassetliability,orstockholders’equityduringaperiod.
5Assets资产(cash,accoutsreceivable,notesreceivable,inventory,prepaidexpense,landbuildings,equipmentfurniturefixtures)
Liabilites负债(notespayable,accountspayable,accruedliabilities)
6Accountingadjustmentsfallintothreebasiccatrgories会计账项调整三类型
①deferrals(attheendoftheperiod,anadjustmentisneededtodecreasetheSuppliesaccountforthesuppliesusedup)②depreciation(theaccountingadjustmentrecordsDepreciationExpense,whichdecreasesthebookvalueoftheassetoveritslife)③accruals(theadjustmentdebitsareceivableandcreditsarevenue)
7Itemsforreconciliation银行往来账科目①itemsrecordedbythecompanybutnotyetrecordedbythebank(1Depositsintransit2outstandingchecks)②Itemsrecordedbythebankbutnotyetrecordedbythecompany.wemaylearnoftheseitemsformt