英语作文话题3文学.docx

英语作文话题3文学.docx

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英语作文话题3文学

Literature

【Whydoweread?

】

1.Togainsomeknowledge.

2.Topracticesomereadingskills.

3.Togetinformation.

4.Tocommunicatewithothers.

【Howdoweread?

】

Whilereading,youshouldhaveagoodunderstandingof:

1.thewords.

2.somethingbetweenlines.

3.Afterreading,youshouldhaveyourownthoughtofwhatyouread–tobecomeacriticalreader.

例文：

Ifyouareaskingmehowtosendadishbackinarestaurant,thenyouareaskingperhapsthewrongperson.Formyadviceaboutsendingadishbackinarestaurantwouldbe:

don’tdoit,myfriend.

1.Wouldtheauthortellyouhowtosendadishback?

2.Whatdoyouthinkwouldtheauthortalkaboutinthefollowingparagraph?

3.Asacustomer,howdoyouargueagainsttheauthortoprotectyourownright?

Youneedsomereadingstrategies.Beforereading,youmust:

1.beconfident.

2.haveaplan.

3.beawareofyourspeedandeffect.

4.knowwhenandhowtochangeyourplan.

Youneedsomereadingstrategies.Whilereading,youmusttryto:

1.predict（预测）—tocommunicatewiththeauthor.

2.guess—whenyoumeetnewwords.

3.think—whenyouhavedifferentideaswiththeauthor.

4.conclude（归纳）—tounderstanditasawhole.

【Whatdoweread?

】

Literature（文学作品）

Inthewidestsense,literatureisjustaboutanythingwritten.Inthespecializedsense,literatureistheartthatuseslanguageasamedium.

Literaturecontainsfictionandnon-fiction.

Fictionisthetellingofstorieswhicharenotreal.Worksoffictionneednotbeentirelyimaginaryandmayincluderealpeople,places,andevents.Underfictiontherearefoursorts:

novels,plays,poemsandprose（散文）.

Non-fictionisanaccountorrepresentationofasubjectwhichispresentedasfact.Thispresentationmaybeaccurateornot.Itisgenerallythoughtthattheauthorsofsuchaccountsbelievethemtobetruthfulatthetimeoftheircomposition.

•Biography

•Autobiography

•Bookreport

•Document

•Diary

•Dictionary

•Encyclopedia

•Essay

•Letter

•Memoir

•Naturalhistory

•Philosophy

•Sciencebook

•Textbook

Methodsofreadingliterature

Tounderstandworksofliterature,

1.itisimportanttoknowitselementsandhowthecomponentpartsareputtogethertomakethewhole.

2.onemustbeinsideandoutsideofthework.Onemustallowhimselftobecarriedawaybythework,andatthesametime,onreadingagainandagainthink

aboutthewaytheendisconnectedtothebeginning.

Elementsofnovel

Characters

Plot

Setting

Characters

Bytheirrolesinthenovel,thecharacterscanbegroupedasheroes/heroines,maincharactersandminorcharacters,andfoils（陪衬）.

Plot

Itisaparticulararrangementofhappeninginnovel.Aplotissometimescalledastoryline.Themostimportantofthetraditionalplotisthatitshouldbeacompleteaction,thatis,somethingwithabeginning,amiddle,andanend.

Setting

Itisthebackgroundagainstwhichacharacterisdepicted（描绘）oraneventnarrated（叙述）.Itspurposeistoprovideanimaginarylinkbetweenwhathappensinthenovelandwhatthereadertakestobereality.

Whenyoureadanovel,trytotakenotesaboutthefollowingthings:

•Briefintroductionoftheauthor

•Briefintroductionofthecontent

•Wonderfulsentences

•Yourimpressionafterreading

TheRansomofRedChief红毛酋长的赎金

ByO.Henry

Briefintroductionoftheauthor

O.Henry（Sep.11,1862-Jun.5,1910）wasafamousAmericanshort-storywriterandamasterofsurprisingendings.HewroteaboutthelifeofordinarypeopleinNewYorkCity.

TheLifeofO.Henry

1.Birthplace:

Greensboro,NorthCalifornia

2.FamilyBackground:

hisfather,aphysician

3.Education:

didnotreceivemuchformalschooling

4.WorkingExperiences:

didavarietyofoddjobs

Chargedwithembezzlingfunds（挪用公款）fromthebankinTexas,hefledtoHonduras.Whenhiswifewasdying,hereturnedtoTexasin1897andturnedhimselftotheauthorities（自首）andservedthreeyearsinprison.Hebegantowriteshortstorieswithhispenname,O.Henry,there.Afterthat,helivedahardlifeanddiedonJun.5,1910inNewYork.

Briefintroductionofthecontent

BillandSamwantedtobuyapieceoflandinWesternIllinois,buttheydidn’thaveenoughmoneytocarryouttheplan,sotheyhadanideaofkidnapping（绑架）.

TheydecidedtokidnaptheEbenezerDorset’ssonforransom,buttheydidn’tknowtheykidnappedalittleimp（顽童）.

SamandBill’snightmarestarted.Billwasgoingmadbecauseofthenaughtyboy.Theydecidedtosendhimbackforransom.SotheywrotetoEbenezerDorset,andaskedfifteenhundreddollars.

ButSamandBillwerewrong.EbenezerDorsetwroteback,“IfyouwanttosendRedChiefback,youshouldgiveme$250.”

SamandBillwereveryangry,butintheend,theycouldn’tbearthechildanymore.Theysendhimbackandgavehisfather$250.

Yourimpressionafterreading

Afterreadingthisnovel,thefirstfeelingisthatwecannotdobadthings.BillandSamaretwoexamples.Theywanttomakemoneybykidnapping,buttheydidn’tsucceedandlostmoney.Thisreflectsnotonlytheboy’snaughtinessbutalsohowincompetent（无能的）theywere.EbenezerDorsetwhostayedcalmevenafterthechildwaskidnappedwasalsoworthyofouradmiration.

Readinglist

KindsofPoetry

1.MetricalPoems（格律诗）

RegularRhymeandRhythm

DefiniteNumberofLines

2.FreeVerse（自由诗）

IrregularRhymeandRhythm

IrregularNumberofLines

3.BlankVerse（无韵诗）

WithoutRhyme

WithRhythm

下面请在课上跟着老师一起读诗歌~

Rhythm

Foot（音步）

Rhyme

例子：

Homefoamchairthere

Internalrhyme:

IamthedaughteroftheEarthandWater.

Weploughandsow---we’resovery,verylow.

RhymeScheme

1）aabb（连续韵）:

Workwhileyouwork,andplaywhileyouplay,a

Forthatisthewaytobehappyandgay.a

Allthatyoudo,dowithyourmight,b

Thingsdonebyhalvesareneverdoneright.b

2）abab（交叉韵）:

Howdoyouliketogoupinaswing.a

Upintheairsoblue?

b

Oh,Idothinkitthepleasantestthinga

Everachildcando!

b

3）abba（首尾韵）:

Iholdittrue,whate’erbefall;a

IfeelitwhenIsorrowmost;b

’Tisbettertohavelovedandlostb

Thannevertohavelovedatall.a

4）abcb（二四韵）:

Springisgreen,a

Summerisbright,b

Autumnisgold,c

Winteriswhite.b

诗歌赏析

WhatDoesTheBeeDo?

Whatdoesthebeedo?

Bringhomehoney.

AndwhatdoesFatherdo?

Bringhomemoney.

AndwhatdoesMotherdo?

Layoutthemoney.

Andwhatdoesbabydo?

Eatupthehoney.

WhatDoesLittleBirdieSay?

（1）

Whatdoeslittlebirdiesay,

Inhernestatpeepofday?

Letmefly,sayslittlebirdie,

Mother,letmeflyaway,

Birdie,restalittlelonger,

Tillthelittlewingsarestronger.

Sosherestsalittlelonger,

Thenshefliesaway.

（2）

Whatdoeslittlebabysay,

Inherbedatpeepofday?

Babysays,likelittlebirdie,

Letmeriseandflyaway.

Baby,sleepalittlelonger,

Tillthelittlelimbsarestronger.

Ifshesleepsalittlelonger,

Babytooshallflyaway.

Thechildwhowantstofly

Therewasagirl,hernamewasMay.

Shehadadream–toflyinthesky.

Justlikeabird,sofreeandquiet.

Shefliesandfliesandtouchesthesky.

Theskyishigh,theskyisblue.

Let’swishandpray.

Shecouldflyinthesky.

Theweatheroflife

Theweatherisbad,it’sdarkoutside.

IfeellonelybutIwon’tbesad.

EverythingwillbepossibleifItrymybest.

Iftomorrowisdarkandnothingcanberelied.

ThenIwillgostraightandnevercry.

IthinkIcanbebraveandIcansupply

ThestarswillprayandI’llgotowardstobright.

Nothingcanpreventmeunlessmyminddies.

Iwilllookforsuccessandcreateagoodlife.

Iwilllookforsuccessandcreateagoodlife.

Sunlightwillbethebestgifttoprovemyself.

IflifeisstillmeaningfulandIstillwanttomakeprogress.

ThenI’llstudyhardandneverlosemyself.

Ineverabandonbecausethestarsstillshine.

SoIcanreceivethewishesthatthestarssend.

Thereisn’tanelixirtosucceedallthetime.

Butyoucancreatesomethingbyhands.

Justrelaxandcalmdown.

Andtomorrowwillbefine.

Areyoureadytotakeaquiz?

1.Whatarethefoursortsoffiction?

2.Whatarethethreeelementsofnovel?

3.WhoistheauthorofTheRansomofRedChief?

Andwhatisthetypicalcharacterofhisstories?

4.Mywish

Starlight,starbright.

Icanseethisonlyatnight.

IwishImay.IwishImight.

HavethewishIwishtonight.

请问，这属于哪一种类型的韵律？

（）

5.Pleasetellmetherhymeschemeofthefollowingpoem.（）

Owind,whydoyouneverrest,

Wandering,whistlingtoandfro,

Bringrainoutofthewest,

Fromthedimnorthbringingsnow?