最新生物技术转基因食品安全的英文资料.docx

最新生物技术转基因食品安全的英文资料.docx

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最新生物技术转基因食品安全的英文资料

Geneticallymodifiedfoodsafetyissues

Abstract

Asweallknow,modernbiotechnologyhasbroughthumannumerousbenefits:

Throughtheapplicationofbiotechnology,abroadandsignificantincreaseoffoodproductioncanbehappilyseenatglobalagriculturalproduction.ButwhenweenjoytheenormousbenefitsoftheGMfood,anewbutalarmingproblemalsocamethatifthesefoodissafeenoughforpeople?

ifsomethingseriouslyhappened,whatcanwedo?

Maybeyoucanfindsomeanswerinthisthesis.

KeyWords:

modernbiotechnologyGMfoodsafety

Contents

TheQi濊瘉Juan婂崍閫佸埌

Chapter1Introduction

Whatisbiotechnology?

Maybenottoomangpeopleknowitsdefinitionaccurately.Biotechnologyisatechnologywhichcanreformandmaketheuseofthenaturallivesontheingredientofthembytakingadvantageoftheresearchfindsinlifescienceswhichcangreatlyfollowthewillofpeople.Initspurestform,theterm"biotechnology"referstotheuseoflivingorganismsortheirproductstomodifyhumanhealthandthehumanenvironment.

TheQiHui瀷鎵樼洏Biotechnologyinoneformoranotherhasflourishedsinceprehistorictimes.Whenthefirsthumanbeingsrealizedthattheycouldplanttheirowncropsandbreedtheirownanimals,theylearnedtousebiotechnology.Thediscoverythatfruitjuicesfermentedintowine,orthatmilkcouldbeconvertedintocheeseoryogurt,orthatbeercouldbemadebyfermentingsolutionsofmaltandhopsbeganthestudyofbiotechnology.Whenthefirstbakersfoundthattheycouldmakeasoft,spongybreadratherthanafirm,thincracker,theywereactingasfledglingbiotechnologists.Thefirstanimalbreeders,realizingthatdifferentphysicaltraitscouldbeeithermagnifiedorlostbymatingappropriatepairsofanimals,engagedinthemanipulationsofbiotechnology.

Chapter2Statusofgeneticallymodifiedfood

TheShenDuo叆Liao忚Chuai鏋?

Asweallknow,modernbiotechnologyhasbroughthumannumerousbenifits:

Throughtheapplicationofbiotechnology,abroadandsignificantincreaseoffoodproductioncanbehappilyseenatglobalagriculturalproduction.Since1983whenthefirsttimehumangottransgenictobacco,potatobyusingrecombinantDNAtechnology,theplantgeneticengineeringtechnologyintheworldhasachievedrapiddevelopmentoftransgenicplantsforresearchanddevelopment,whichhasmadeaseriesofremarkableprogressandhasSuccessfullynurturedanumberofcropswithdisease-resistance,insecticideresistanceandevenanincrediblehigh-yield.withthehelpofthem,wecanfeedanothermorethanmillionsofpeople,Accordingtostatistics,uptonow,nolessthan1.6billionpeoplehavebenefitsfrombiotechnology.inthearea,ourmothercountryChinahasmadetremendouscontributionstotheworld'sbiotechnology.whatmustbementionedisBTcottonandhybridriceofYuanLongping.

Commercializegeneticallymodifiedcropsdatesfromtheyearof1996,includingSoybeans,cotton,cerealsandoilseedrape.GMcropsnowoccupy10%ofglobalarableland.In2010,81%ofworldwidesoybean,64%cotton,29%and23%ofthegrainisgeneticallymodifiedoilseedrape.Totally,29countriesgrowGMproductsallovertheworld.thetopthreecountrywiththelargestareaofcultivationisUnitedStates,BrazilandArgentina.TheproblemAboutthesafetyofGMproductshasbeencontroversial.Geneticallymodifiedfoodwillbringhumanandanimalallergensandtoxinsofunknown.

Chapter3GMfoodsafetyissues

Internationalconsensushasbeenreachedontheprinciplesregardingevaluationofthefoodsafetyofgeneticallymodifiedplants.Theconceptofsubstantialequivalencehasbeendevelopedaspartofasafetyevaluationframework,basedontheideathatexistingfoodscanserveasabasisforcomparingthepropertiesofgeneticallymodifiedfoodswiththeappropriatecounterpart.Applicationoftheconceptisnotasafetyassessmentperse,buthelpstoidentifysimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweentheexistingfoodandthenewproduct,whicharethensubjecttofurthertoxicologicalinvestigation.Substantialequivalenceisastartingpointinthesafetyevaluation,ratherthananendpointoftheassessment.Consensusonpracticalapplicationoftheprincipleshouldbefurtherelaborated.Experienceswiththesafetytestingofnewlyinsertedproteinsandofwholegeneticallymodifiedfoodsarereviewed,andlimitationsofcurrenttestmethodologiesarediscussed.ThedevelopmentandvalidationofnewprofilingmethodssuchasDNAmicroarraytechnology,proteomics,andmetabolomicsfortheidentificationandcharacterizationofunintendedeffects,whichmayoccurasaresultofthegeneticmodification,isrecommended.Theassessmentoftheallergenicityofnewlyinsertedproteinsandofmarkergenesisdiscussed.Anissuethatwillgainimportanceinthenearfutureisthatofpost-marketingsurveillanceofthefoodsderivedfromge