Matlab 图形基础.docx

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Matlab 图形基础.docx

Matlab图形基础

实验三Matlab图形基础

一、目的:

1、了解交互式绘图方法;

2、学会能用二维及三维指令绘图;

3、掌握图形的保存和输出;

一、实验原理:

1、准备需要绘制在Matlab图形窗口的数据;

2、创建图形窗口,并且选择绘制数据的区域。

一个Matlab图形窗口可以包含多个绘图区域;

3、绘制图形或者曲线;

4、设置曲线的属性,例如线型,线宽;

5、设置绘图区域的属性,并且添加数据网格线;

6、为绘制的图形添加标题、轴标签或者标注文本等;

7、打印或者导出图形。

二、实验仪器及软件:

电脑、Matlab编程软件

三、实验数据:

%交互式绘图

>>randn('state',27)>>startprice=40;>>f1=0.0015*randn(200,1)+0.0003;

>>x1=[startprice;1+f1];>>price1=cumprod(x1);>>t=(1:

length(price1))';

>>randn('state',7)>>f2=0.0015*randn(200,1)+0.0003;

>>x2=[startprice;1+f2];>>prices2=cumprod(x2);

Price1变量线图可视化结果:

Prices2变量线图可视化结果:

综合对比:

上图生成的M函数文件:

functioncreatefigure(y1,y2)

%CREATEFIGURE(Y1,Y2)

%Y1:

vectorofydata

%Y2:

vectorofydata

%Auto-generatedbyMATLABon06-May-201309:

10:

35

%%Createfigure

figure1=figure('PaperPosition',[0.63456.34520.315.23],'PaperSize',[20.9829.68]);

%%Createaxes

axes1=axes('Parent',figure1);

xlim(axes1,[0200]);

xlabel(axes1,'Time');

ylabel(axes1,'Prices');

hold(axes1,'all');

%%Createplot

plot1=plot(y1,...

'DisplayName','price1',...

'YDataSource','price1');

%%Createplot

plot2=plot(y2,...

'DisplayName','prices2',...

'YDataSource','prices2');

%%Createtextarrow

annotation1=annotation(...

figure1,'textarrow',...

[0.60710.6804],[0.26190.3571],...

'String',{'Price1'});

%%Createtextarrow

annotation2=annotation(...

figure1,'textarrow',...

[0.64110.7429],[0.63330.5714],...

'String',{'Prices2'});

>>x=0:

pi/100:

2*pi;>>y=exp(-0.5*x).*sin(2*pi*x+pi/4);>>plot(x,y);

>>title('绘制曲线');>>xlabel('independentvariableX');

>>ylabel('independentvariableY');

>>plot(x,y,x,y+1,x,y-1);

>>B=pascal(5)%利用plot函数绘制矩阵数据

B=

11111

12345

1361015

14102035

15153570

>>plot(B);>>title('绘制矩阵数据');

>>x=(0:

pi/100:

2*pi)';>>y1=2*exp(-0.5*x)*[1,-1];

>>y2=2*exp(-0.5*x).*sin(2*pi*x);>>x1=(0:

12)/2;

>>y3=2*exp(-0.5*x1).*sin(2*pi*x1);>>plot(x,y1,'g:

',x,y2,'b--',x1,y3,'rp');

>>x=(0:

pi/100:

2*pi)';>>y1=2*exp(-0.5*x)*[1,-1];

>>y2=2*exp(-0.5*x).*sin(2*pi*x);>>x1=(0:

12)/2;

>>y3=2*exp(-0.5*x1).*sin(2*pi*x1);>>plot(x,y1,'g:

',x,y2,'b--',x1,y3,'rp');

>>x1=0:

pi/100:

2*pi;>>x2=0:

pi/100:

3*pi;>>y1=exp(-0.5*x1).*sin(2*pi*x1);

>>y2=1.5*exp(-0.1*x2).*sin(x2);>>plotyy(x1,y1,x2,y2);

>>x=(0:

pi/100:

2*pi)';>>y1=2*exp(-0.5*x)*[1,-1];

>>y2=2*exp(-0.5*x).*sin(2*pi*x);>>x1=(0:

12)/2;

>>y3=2*exp(-0.5*x1).*sin(2*pi*x1);>>plot(x,y1,'g:

',x,y2,'b--',x1,y3,'rp');

>>title('CurveandEnvelopeline');>>xlabel('independentvariableX');

>>ylabel('independentvariableY');>>text(2.8,0.5,'Envelopeline');

>>text(0.5,0.5,'Curvey');>>text(1.4,0.1,'Discretedatapoint');

>>legend('Envelpoeline','Envelopeline','Curvey','discretedatapoint')%加图列

>>x=(0:

pi/100:

2*pi)';>>y1=2*exp(-0.5*x)*[1,-1];y2=2*exp(-0.5*x).*sin(2*pi*x);

>>plot(x,y1,'b:

');>>axis([0,2*pi,-2,2]);>>holdon;>>plot(x,y2,'k');

>>gridon;%加网格线>>boxoff;%不加坐标边框

>>holdoff;%关闭图形保持

tex_examp.m%M文件

functiontex_examp

%TEX_EXAMP在文本注释中使用特殊文本

alpha=-0.5;beta=3;A=50;t=0:

0.01:

10;y=A*exp(alpha*t).*sin(beta*t);plot(t,y);%添加特殊文本注释

title('\fontname{隶书}\fontsize{16}{隶书}\fontname{Impact}{Impact}')

xlabel('^{上标}and_{下标}')

ylabel('Some\bf粗体\rmandsome\it{斜体}')

txt={'y={\itAe}^{\alphax}sin(\beta\itt)',...

['\itA\rm','=',num2str(A)],...

['\alpha=',num2str(alpha)],...

['\beta=',num2str(beta)]};

text(2,22,txt);

>>tex_examp

Answer.m

x=linspace(0,2*pi,60);

y=sin(x);z=cos(x);

t=sin(x)./(cos(x)+eps);ct=cos(x)./(sin(x)+eps);

subplot(2,2,1);

plot(x,y);title('sin(x)');axis([0,2*pi,-1,1]);

subplot(2,2,2);

plot(x,z);title('cos(x)');axis([0,2*pi,-1,1]);

subplot(2,2,3);

plot(x,t);title('tangent(x)');axis([0,2*pi,-40,40]);

subplot(2,2,4);

plot(x,ct);title('cotangent(x)');axis([0,2*pi,-40,40]);

Question.m

x=linspace(0,2*pi,60);

y=sin(x);z=cos(x);

t=sin(x)./(cos(x)+eps);ct=cos(x)./(sin(x)+eps);

subplot(2,2,1);

stairs(x,y);title('sin(x)-1');axis([0,2*pi,-1,1]);

subplot(2,1,2);

stem(x,y);title('sin(x)-2');axis([0,2*pi,-1,1]);

subplot(4,4,3);

plot(x,y);title('sin(x)');axis([0,2*pi,-1,1]);

subplot(4,4,4);

plot(x,y);title('cos(x)');axis([0,2*pi,-1,1]);

subplot(4,4,7);

plot(x,t);title('tangent(x)');axis([0,2*pi,-40,40]);

subplot(4,4,8);

plot(x,ct);title('cotangent(x)');axis([0,2*pi,-40,40]);

circle.m

x=0:

0.35:

7;

y=2*exp(-0.4*x);

subplot(2,2,1);bar(x,y,'g');

title('bar(x,y,"g")');axis([0,7,0,2]);

subplot(2,2,2);fill(x,y,'r');

title('fill(x,y,"r")');axis([0,7,0,2]);

subplot(2,3,4);stairs(x,y,'b');

title('stairs(x,y,"b")');axis([0,7,0,2]);

subplot(2,3,5);stem(x,y,'k');

title('stem(x,y,"k")');axis([0,7,0,2]);

subplot(2,3,6);area(x,y);

title('area(x,y)');axis([0,7,0,2]);

>>theta=0:

0.01:

2*pi;>>rho=sin(3*theta).*cos(3*theta);%极坐标绘图

>>polar(theta,rho,'r');

>>x=0:

0.1:

10;>>y=12*x.*x;

>>subplot(2,2,1);plot(x,y);title('plot(x,y)');gridon;

>>subplot(2,2,2);semilogx(x,y);title('semilogx(x,y)');gridon;

>>subplot(2,2,3);semilogx(x,y);title('semilogx(x,y)');gridon;

>>subplot(2,2,4);loglog(x,y);title('loglog(x,y)');gridon;

Myf.m

functiony=myf(x)

y=cos(tan(pi*x));

fplot('myf',[-0.2,1.2],1e-4)

>>subplot(1,2,1);>>pie([7,17,23,19,5]);

>>title('饼图');legend('优秀','良好','中等','及格','不及格');

>>subplot(1,2,2);>>compass([3+2i,4.5-i,-1.5+5i]);title('相量图');

>>t=0:

pi/50:

2*pi;>>x=8*cos(t);y=4*sqrt

(2)*sin(t);z=-4*sqrt

(2)*sin(t);

>>plot3(x,y,z,'p');>>title('Linein3-DSpace');text(0,0,0,'origin');

>>xlabel('X'),ylabel('Y');zlabel('Z');grid;

>>x=5:

29;y=14:

35;>>[x,y]=meshgrid(x,y);%在[5:

29]*[14,35]区域生成网格坐标

>>z=2*x+5*y;>>k=find(z==126);>>x(k)',y(k)'

ans=

813182328

ans=

2220181614

>>x=0:

0.1:

2*pi;[x,y]=meshgrid(x);z=sin(y).*cos(x);

>>mesh(x,y,z);xlabel('x-axis'),ylabel('y-axis'),zlabel('z-axis');title('mesh');

>>x=0:

0.1:

2*pi;[x,y]=meshgrid(x);z=sin(y).*cos(x);

>>surf(x,y,z);xlabel('x-axis'),ylabel('y-axis'),zlabel('z-axis');title('surf');

>>x=0:

0.1:

2*pi;[x,y]=meshgrid(x);z=sin(y).*cos(x);

>>plot3(x,y,z);xlabel('x-axis'),ylabel('y-axis'),zlabel('z-axis');title('plot3');grid;

>>[x,y]=meshgrid(-10:

0.5:

10);>>z=sin(sqrt(x.^2+y.^2))./sqrt(x.^2+y.^2+eps);

>>subplot(2,2,1);>>meshc(x,y,z);>>title('meshc(x,y,z)');

>>subplot(2,2,2);>>meshz(x,y,z);>>title('meshz(x,y,z)');

>>subplot(2,2,3);>>surfc(x,y,z);>>title('surfc(x,y,z)');

>>subplot(2,2,4);>>surfl(x,y,z);>>title('surfl(x,y,z)');

>>t=0:

pi/20:

2*pi;>>[x,y,z]=cylinder(2+sin(t),30);>>subplot(1,3,1);

>>surf(x,y,z);>>subplot(1,3,2);>>[x,y,z]=sphere;>>surf(x,y,z);

>>subplot(1,3,3);>>[x,y,z]=peaks(30);>>meshz(x,y,z);

>>subplot(2,2,1);>>bar3(magic(5));>>subplot(2,2,2);

>>y=3*sin(0:

pi/10:

2*pi);>>stem3(y);>>subplot(2,2,3);

>>pie3([2347,1827,2043,3025]);>>subplot(2,2,4);

>>fill3(rand(3,6),rand(3,6),rand(3,6),'r');

>>subplot(1,2,1);>>[x,y,z]=peaks;>>waterfall(x,y,z);

>>xlabel('x-axis'),ylabel('y-axis'),zlabel('z-axis');

>>title('waterfallofpeaks');>>subplot(1,2,2);

>>contour3(x,y,z,12,'k');%其中12代表高度的等级数

>>xlabel('x-axis'),ylabel('y-axis'),zlabel('z-axis');>>title('contour3ofpeaks');

&:

三维图形精细处理

>>subplot(2,2,1);mesh(peaks);>>view(-37.5,30);

>>title('azimuth=-37.5,elevation=30');>>subplot(2,2,2);mesh(peaks);

>>view(0,90);>>title('azimuth=0,elevation=90');

>>subplot(2,2,3);mesh(peaks);>>view(90,0);

>>title('azimuth=90,elevation=0');>>subplot(2,2,4);mesh(peaks);

>>view(-7,-10);>>title('azimuth=-7,elevation=-10');

>>z=peaks(20);colormap(copper);>>subplot(1,3,1);surf(z);

>>subplot(1,3,2);surf(z);shadingflat;>>subplot(1,3,3);surf(z);shadinginterp;

>>x=0:

0.1:

2*pi;[x,y]=meshgrid(x);z=sin(y).*cos(x);

>>surf(x,y,z);xlabel('x-axis'),ylabel('y-axis'),zlabel('z-axis');title('surf');

>>x=0:

0.1:

2*pi;[x,y]=meshgrid(x);z=sin(y).*cos(x);

>>[I,J]=find(z>0.2);>>forii=1:

length(I)z(I(ii),J(ii))=NaN;

end

>>surf(x,y,z);

&:

图形的保存和输出

functionh=peakfile

%Thisfunctionwascreatedbysaveas(...,'mfig'),orprint-dmfile.

%ItloadsanHGobjectsavedinbinaryformatintheFIG-fileofthe

%samename.NOTE:

ifyouwanttoseetheold-styleMcode

%representationofasavedobject,previouslycreatedbyprint-dmfile,

%youcanobtainthisbyusingsaveas(...,'mmat').Butbeadvisedthatthe

%M-file/MAT-fileformatdoesnotpreservesomeimportantinformationdue

%tolimitationsinthatformat,includingApplicationDatastoredusing

%setappdata.Also,referencestohandlesstoredinUserDataorApplication-

%DatawillnolongerbevalidifsavedintheM-file/MAT-fileformat.

%ApplicationDataandstoredhandles(excludingintegerfigurehandles)

%arebothcorrectlysavedinFIG-files.

%

%loadthesavedobject

[path,name]=fileparts(which(mfilename));

figname=fullfile(path,[name'.fig']);

if(exist(figname,'file')),open(figname),elseopen([name'.fig']),end

ifnargout>0,h=gcf;end

>>surf(peaks(30))>>saveas(gcf,'peakfile','m')

>>peakfile>>open('peakfile.fig')

习题:

>>x=0:

1:

100;

>>y=x.*x.*x+x+1;

>>plot(x,y)

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