1995年托福考试阅读理解全真试题上.docx

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1995年托福考试阅读理解全真试题上

1995年8月托福考试阅读理解全真试题（上）

1995年8月托福考试阅读理解全真试题（上）1995年8月托福考试阅读理解全真试题（上）question1-9

theoceanbottomaregionnearly2.5timesgreater

thanthetotallandareaoftheearthisavastfrontierthat

eventodayislargelyunexploredanduncharted.untilabouta

centuryago,thedeepoceanfloorwascompletelyinaccessible,

hiddenbeneathwatersaveragingover3,6000metersdeep.

totallywithoutlightandsubjectedtointensepressureshundreds

oftimesgreaterthanattheearthssurface,thedeepocean

bottomisahostileenvironmenttohumans,insome

waysasforbiddingandremoteasthevoidofouterspace.

althoughresearchershavetakensamplesofdeepocean

rocksandsedimentsforoveracentury,thefirstdetailedglobal

investigationoftheoceanbottomdidnotactuallystartuntil

1968,withthebeginningofthenationalsciencefoundations

deepseadrillingproject（dsdp）.usingtechniquesfirst

developedfortheoffshoreoilandgasindustry,thedsdpsdrill

ship,theglomarchallenger,wasabletomaintainasteady

positionontheoceanssurfaceanddrillinverydeepwaters,

extractingsamplesofsedimentsandrockfromtheoceanfloor.

theglomarchallengercompleted96voyagesina15year

researchprogramthatendedinnovember1983.during

thistime,thevessellogged600,000kilometersandtook

almost20,000coresamplesofseabedsedimentsandrocksat

624drillingsitesaroundtheworld.theglomarchallengers

coresampleshaveallowedgeologiststoreconstructwhatthe

planetlookedlikehundredsofmillionsofyearsagoandto

calculatewhatitwillprobablylooklikemillionsofyearsinthe

future.today,largelyonthestrengthofevidencegathered

duringtheglomarchallengersvoyages,nearlyallearthscientists

agreeonthetheoriesofplatetectonicsandcontinental

driftthatexplainmanyofthegeologicalprocessesthatshape

theearth.

thecoresofsedimentdrilledbytheglomarchallenger

havealsoyieldedinformationcriticaltounderstandingthe

worldspastclimates.deepoceansedimentsprovidea

climaticrecordstretchingbackhundredsofmillionsofyears,

becausetheyarelargelyisolatedfromthemechanicalerosionand

theintensechemicalandbiologicalactivitythatrapidlydestroy

muchlandbasedevidenceofpastclimates.thisrecordhas

alreadyprovidedinsightsintothepatternsandcausesofpast

climaticchangeinformationthatmaybeusedtopredict

futureclimates.

1.theauthorreferstotheoceanbottomasa"frontier"inline2becauseit

（a）isnotapopularareaforscientificresearch

（b）containsawidevarietyoflifeforms

（c）attractscourageousexplorers

（d）isanunknownterritory

2.theword"inaccessible"inline4isclosestinmeaningto

（a）unrecognizable

（b）unreachable

（c）unusable

（d）unsafe

3.theauthormentionsouterspaceinline9because

（a）theearthsclimatemillionsofyearsagowassimilartoconditionsinouterspace

（b）itissimilartotheoceanfloorinbeingalientothehumanenvironment

（c）rockformationsinouterspacearesimilartothosefoundontheoceanfloor

（d）techniquesusedbyscientiststoexploreouterspaceweresimilartothoseusedinoceanexploration

4.whichofthefollowingistrueoftheglomarchallenger?

（a）itisatypeofsubmarine.

（b）itisanongoingproject.

（c）ithasgoneonover100voyages.

（d）itmadeitsfirstdsdpvoyagein1968.

5.theword"extracting"inline18isclosestinmeaningto

（a）breaking

（b）locating

（c）removing

（d）analyzing

6.thedeepseadrillingprojectwassignificantbecauseitwas

（a）anattempttofindnewsourcesofoilandgas

（b）thefirstextensiveexplorationoftheoceanbottom

（c）composedofgeologistsfromallovertheworld

（d）fundedentirelybythegasandoilindustry

7.theword"strength"inline21isclosestinmeaningto

（a）basis

（b）purpose

（c）discovery

（d）endurance

8.theword"they"inline36refersto

（a）years

（b）climates

（c）sediments

（d）cores

9.whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthepassageasbeingaresultofthedeepseadrillingproject?

（a）geologistswereabletodeterminetheearthsappearancehundredsofmillionsofyearsago.

（b）twogeologicaltheoriesbecamemorewidelyacceptedbyscientists.

（c）informationwasrevealedabouttheearthspastclimaticchanges.

（d）geologistsobservedformsofmarinelifeneverbeforeseen.

questions10-21

basictoanyunderstandingofcanadain20years

afterthesecondworldwaristhecountrysimpressive

populationgrowth.foreverythreecanadiansin1945,therewere

overfivein1996.inseptember1966canadaspopulation

passedthe20millionmark.mostofthissurginggrowthcame

fromnaturalincrease.thedepressionofthe1930sandthe

warhadheldbackmarriagesandthecatchingupprocess

beganafter1945.thebabyboomcontinuedthroughthedecade

ofthe1950s,producingapopulationincreaseofnearly

fifteenpercentinthefiveyearsfrom1951to1956.thisrate

ofincreasehadbeenexceededonlyoncebeforeincanadas

history,inthedecadebefore1911,whentheprairieswere

beingsettled.undoubtedly,thegoodeconomicconditionsofthe

1950ssupportedagrowthinthepopulation,buttheexpansion

alsoderivedfromatrendtowardearliermarriagesandan

increaseintheaveragesizeoffamilies.in1957thecanadian

birthratestoodat28perthousand,oneofthehighestinthe

world.

afterthepeakyearof1957,thebirthrateincanada

begantodecline.

itcontinuedfallinguntilin1966itstoodatthe

lowestlevelin25years.partlythisdeclinereflectedthelow

levelofbirthsduringthedepressionandthewar,butitwas

alsocausedbychangesincanadiansociety.youngpeople

werestayingatschoollonger,morewomenwereworking,

youngmarriedcoupleswerebuyingautomobilesorhouses

beforestartingfamilies,risinglivingstandardswerecutting

downthesizeoffamilies.itappearedthatcanadawasonce

morefallinginstepwiththetrendtowardsmallerfamiliesthat

hadoccurredallthroughthewesternworldsincethetimeof

theindustrialrevolution.

althoughthegrowthincanadaspopulationhasslowed

downby1966（theincreaseinthefirsthalfofthe1960swas

onlyninepercent）.anotherlargepopulationwavewascoming

overthehorizon.itwouldbecomposedofthechildrenofthe

childrenwhowerebornduringtheperiodofthehighbirth

ratepriorto1957.

10.whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

（a）educationalchangesincanadiansociety.

（b）canadaduringthesecondworldwar

（c）populationtrendsinpostwarcanada

（d）standardsoflivingincanada

11.accordingtothepassage,whendidcanadasbabyboombegin?

（a）inthedecadeafter1911

（b）after1945

（c）duringthedepressionofthe1930s

（d）in1966

12.theword"five"inline4refersto

（a）canadians

（b）years

（c）decades

（d）marriages

13.theword"surging"inline5isclosestinmeaningto

（a）new

（b）extra

（c）accelerating

（d）surprising

14.theauthorsuggeststhatincanadaduringthe1950s

（a）theurbanpopulationdecreasedrapidly

（b）fewerpeoplemarried

（c）economicconditionswerepoor

（d）thebirthratewasveryhigh

15.theword"trend"inline15isclosestinmeaningto

（a）tendency

（b）aim

（c）growth

（d）directive

16.theword"peak"inline19isclosestinmeaningto

（a）pointed

（b）dismal

（c）mountain

（d）maximum

17.whenwasthebirthrateincanadaatitslowestpostwarlevel?

（a）1966

（b）1957

（c）1956

（d）1951

18.theauthormentionsallofthefollowingascausesofdeclinesinpopulationgrowthafter1957except

（a）peoplebeingbettereducated

（b）peoplegettingmarriedearlier

（c）betterstandardsofliving

（d）couplesbuyinghouses

19.itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatbeforetheindustrialrevolution

（a）familieswerelarger

（b）populationstatisticwereunreliable

（c）thepopulationgrewsteadily

（d）economicconditionswerebad

20.theword"it"inline34refersto

（a）horizon

（b）populationwave

（c）ninepercent

（d）firsthalf

21.thephrase"priorto"inline36isclosestinmeaningto

（a）behind

（b）since

（c）during

（d）preceding

questions22-30

areorganicallygrownfoodsthebestfoodchoices?

the

advantagesclaimedforsuchfoodsoverconventionallygrown

andmarketedfoodproductsarenowbeingdebated.advocates

oforganicfoodsatermwhosemeaningvariesgreatly

frequentlyproclaimthatsuchproductsaresaferandmore

nutritiousthanothers.

thegrowinginterestofconsumersinthesafetyandmore

nutritionalqualityofthetypicalnorthamericandietisa

welcomedevelopment.however,muchofthisinteresthasbeen

sparkedbysweepingclaimsthatthefoodsupplyisunsafeor

inadequateinmeetingnutritionalneeds.althoughmostof

theseclaimsarenotsupportedbyscientificevidence,the

preponderanceofwrittenmaterialadvancingsuchclaimsmakesit

difficultforthegeneralpublictoseparatefactfromfiction.as

aresult,claimsthateatingadietconsistingentirelyoforganically

grownfoodspreventsorcuresdiseaseorprovidesother

benefitstohealthhavebecomewidelypublicizedandformthe

basisforfolklore.

almostdailythepublicisbesiegedbyclaimsfor"no-aging"

diets,newvitamins,andotherwonderfoods.thereare

numerousunsubstantiatedreportsthatnaturalvitaminsare

superiortosyntheticones,thatfertilizedeggsarenutritionally

superiortounfertilizedeggs,thatuntreatedgrainsarebetter

thanfumigatedgrainsandthelike.

onethingthatmostorganic