考研英语二第二部分阅读理解上.docx

考研英语二第二部分阅读理解上.docx

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考研英语二第二部分阅读理解上

考研英语

（二）第二部分阅读理解（上）

（江南博哥）

材料题

根据以下材料，回答1-5题

Thenumberofchildrenwhohavediedfromheatstrokethisyearafterbeingleftorgettingtrappedinhotcarsisamongthehighestonrecord.Sofarin2019,49childrenhavediedfromvehicularheatstroke,accordingtotheNationalSafetyCouncil,anon-profitsafetygroup.

Whilemostdeathsoccurduringthehottersummermonths,theycanalsohappeninotherseasonsandwithoutsidetemperaturesinthe60s,saidJanNull,alecturerinmeteorologyatSanJoseStateUniversity.Moredeathscouldhappenbeforetheendoftheyear,thoughMr.Nullpointedoutthatthelastdeathin2018wasinSeptember.Thegrowingnumberofhot-cardeaths—anaverageof38eachyearforthepasttwodecades—displaysthedifficultlyofpinpointingtheircauseandfindingviablesolutions,advocatessay.

Mostofthesedeathsoccurredwhenaparentorcaregiverunintentionallyleftachildinthecarandaboutaquarterofthemhappenedwhenachildgotintoacarontheirown,andabout19%occurredafteracaregiverknowinglyleftachildinthecar,accordingtoMr.Null."Nobodywantstoacceptthefactthatyou'recapableofdoingthis,butit'sjusthowourbrainswork,"saidJanetteFennell,presidentandfounderofKidsAndCars.org."Ifyoucanforgetyourkeysoryourcellphone,youcertainlyhavethecapabilityofforgettingyourchild."

Thetemperatureinsideacarcanriseabout20degreesinjust10minutes,accordingtoresearchers.Heatstrokecanhappenwhenaperson'sbodytemperaturereaches104degrees,anditcouldturnlethalforchildrenwhentheirbodytemperaturereaches107degrees.WhiletheU.S.hasexperiencedrecord-settingheatinrecentyears,Mr.Nullsaidhecouldn'tspecifyanexactcausefortheincreaseinchildheatstrokedeathsbecauseacomplexsetoffactorscanplayarole.Beyondthetemperatureoutsideorwhereacarisparked,psychologicalfactorscancomeintoplay.Assuch,"there'snotgoingtobeonesolution,"hesaid.

Child-safetygroupshavepushedpublic-awarenesscampaignsovertheyears,andadvocatedforlegislationandnewtechnologyinautomobiles.Anumberofstateshavepassedlawsforbiddingapersonfromleavingachildunattendedinavehiclebecauseofsafetyconcerns.Forseveralyears,advocacygroupshavealsopushedCongresstopasstheHotCarsAct,whichwouldrequirenewcarstobeoutfittedwithchild-safetyalertsystems.BillswereintroducedintheSenateandHouseofRepresentativesearlierthisyear.

1、[单选题]InParagraph2,JanNullpointedoutthat_____

A.summerwastheonlyseasontocausehot-cardeaths

B.moredeathsfromvehicularheatstrokewouldhappenthisyear

C.itisimperativetocallformoreattentiontothecardeaths

D.otherseasonscouldbemoredangerousthansummer

正确答案：

B

参考解析：

Moredeathscouldhappenbeforetheendoftheyear,thoughMr.Nullpointedoutthatthelastdeathin2018wasinSeptember.尽管2018年最后一次死亡时间发生在9月，但是JanNull认为年底前可能会有更多类似的死亡事件发生。

B正确。

2、[单选题]JanetteFennelliscitedtostatethefactthatadults______

A.can'tentirelyavoidcarelessness

B.arefullyresponsibleforhot-cardeaths

C.keepdenyingresponsibilityforchild-rearing

D.feelhopelessforchildren'spossibledeath

正确答案：

A

参考解析：

"Nobodywantstoacceptthefactthatyou'recapableofdoingthis,butit'sjusthowourbrainswork,"saidJanetteFennell,presidentandfounderofKidsAndCars.org."Ifyoucanforgetyourkeysoryourcellphone,youcertainlyhavethecapabilityofforgettingyourchild."JanetteFennell的话诉说了一个事实，就是遗忘使大脑的工作方式之一，没有人可以避免这一点。

A“不能完全避免粗心大意”正确。

3、[单选题]AccordingtoParagraph4,whichofthefollowingistrueabouthot-cardeaths?

A.Thecausesofhot-cardeathshavealreadybeenpinpointed.

B.Achildwilldiewhenitsbodytemperaturereaches104degrees.

C.Psychologicalfactorsmayalsoattributetohot-cardeaths.

D.Thereisaneffectivewaytopreventhot-cardeaths.

正确答案：

C

参考解析：

Mr.Nullsaidhecouldn'tspecifyanexactcausefortheincreaseinchildheatstrokedeathsbecauseacomplexsetoffactorscanplayarole.Beyondthetemperatureoutsideorwhereacarisparked,psychologicalfactorscancomeintoplay. 第四段描述了温度升高可导致儿童中暑死亡，但是发生作用的因素太对，其中也包括心理因素，所以还没有确切的解决方法。

C正确。

4、[单选题]Inthelastparagraph,theauthorsuggeststhat______

A.thepublicisunawareoftheproblemofchild-safety

B.newtechnologyinautomobilesusedtobeprohibited

C.itisnotnecessarytoinstallchild-safetyalertsystemincars

D.moreregulationsconcerninghot-cardeathsareongoing

正确答案：

D

参考解析：

Child-safetygroupshavepushedpublic-awarenesscampaignsovertheyears,andadvocatedforlegislationandnewtechnologyinautomobiles.Anumberofstateshavepassedlawsforbiddingapersonfromleavingachildunattendedinavehiclebecauseofsafetyconcerns.许多州已经通过了通过了禁止将儿童留在车中无人看管的立法，后面还提到一些高温车辆法案。

要求必须配备儿童安全警报系统。

D正确。

5、[单选题]Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.InevitableLossMakesParentsGrieve

B.ATragedyCallingforNewAutomobileTechnology

C.YouCanNeverBeTooCarefulonChild-safety

D.Summer,theMostDangerousSeason

正确答案：

C

参考解析：

文章从2019年中暑死亡儿童人数创历史新高为出发点，探讨了儿童死亡的原因，以及如何解决这个问题的一系列问题。

让公众和政府对儿童安全问题高度重视。

C在儿童问题上再小心也不为过。

符合题意，C正确。

材料题

根据以下材料，回答6-10题

SelectiveNewYorkCitypublichighschoolsaresupposedtomakeiteasyforfamiliestoseetheirdetailedadmissioncriteria,butonlyafractionofschoolsdoso,accordingtoanewreportfromFordhamLawSchool.Just20of157screenedhigh-schoolprogramsputtheirrubricsforevaluatingapplicantsonlineorgavethemtoresearchersuponrequest,thereportsaidTuesday.Atatimewhenselectivityinadmissiontopublicschoolsisunderscrutiny,thereportsaidfamiliesdeservefarmoreinformationonexactlyhowstudentsarejudged.

Inthecity'scomplexsystem,eighth-graderscompetingforseatsrankupto12choices,selectiveschoolsrankapplicants,andanalgorithmmakesmatches.ThecityDepartmentofEducationwebsiteandhigh-schooldirectoryshowgeneralrequirementsforeachschool.Buttheagencyhassaideachschoolshouldmakeavailablearubricshowingthepreciseweightingofadmissioncriteria,suchastestscores,coursegrades,attendanceandpunctuality.Thosedetailshelpstudentsdeterminewhethertheyareviablecandidatesandavoidwastingtheirpicksonprogramswheretheyhavenoshot.

Moretransparency"couldgofarinhelpingsomefamiliesbetternavigatetheprocessandleveltheplayingfield,"saidDoraGalacoats,executivedirectorofFordham'sFeerickCenterforSocialJustice,whichissuedthe"ScreenedOut"report.GeorgeWestinghouseHighSchoolinBrooklynwasoneofthefewtoproviderubrics.Itgave15%ofpointsforattendance,15%forpunctuality,7.5%foreachofthefourcorecoursegrades,and40%forstatetestscoresinmathandreading.

DepartmentofEducationofficialssaidtheyinstructscreenedschoolsannuallytomakerubricsavailable,andwouldremindprincipalsintheirnextnewsletter."We'recommittedtoafairandtransparentadmissionsprocess,"saidspokeswomanKatieO'Handlon.Screeningfacescriticswhosayitexacerbatessegregationbyraceandincome,partlybecauseaffluentfamilieshavemoreresourcestodealwiththesystemandpayfortutoring.Supportersofscreeningsayithelpshigh-performingstudentslearnatafasterpace.

ResearchersattheFeerickCenterhuntedforadmissionsrubricsonschoolwebsites,sentletterstoprincipalsaskingforrubrics,andmadetworoundsofphonecallstohighschools,betweenJune2018andFebruary.Mostoftheroughly77,000studentswhoappliedtohighschoolsoughttogetintoatleastonescreenedprogram,whichofferedabout15,700seatsin2017,thereportsaid.

6、[单选题]SelectiveNewYorkCitypublichighschoolsshouldprovideparentswith______

A.detialedadmittancestandards

B.morecomplicatedinstruction

C.thecity'scomplexsystem

D.thespecialrequirements

正确答案：

A

参考解析：

SelectiveNewYorkCitypublichighschoolsaresupposedtomakeiteasyforfamiliestoseetheirdetailedadmissioncriteria,纽约市精英公立高中应该让家长更加方便的了解其详细录取标准，由此可知，作者这里提出的是，希望纽约精英公立高中提供给家长详细的录取标准，A正确。

7、[单选题]AccordingtoParagraph2,thepreciseadmissioncriteriabeingmadeavailablecan____

A.helpstudentsbecomeeligiblecandidates

B.makestudentsgiveupwrongprogramsintime

C.selectsuitableprogramsforpotentiallyviablestudents

D.raisethebaroffairplayforfamilies

正确答案：

B

参考解析：

Thosedetailshelpstudentsdeterminewhethertheyareviablecandidatesandavoidwastingtheirpicksonprogramswheretheyhavenoshot.精确的入学标准可以帮助学生确认自己是否是某所高中的合适人选，以避免其浪费选择的机会，所以B使学生及时放弃不适合的招生计划。

B正确。

8、[单选题]GeorgeWestinghouseHighSchoolisoneoftheschoolsthat______

A.makedetailedadmissioncriteriaavailable

B.valuemathandreadingtheleastinprevioustests

C.challengethetransparentadmissionprocess

D.willberemindedinthenextnewsletterfromauthorities

正确答案：

A

参考解析：

executivedirectorofFordham'sFeerickCenterforSocialJustice,whichissuedthe"ScreenedOut"report.GeorgeWestinghouseHighSchoolinBrooklynwasoneofthefewtoproviderubrics.  乔治·威斯汀豪斯中学是少数提供招生标准的学校之一），接着第三句具体描述入学标准包括15％的出勤率，15％的守时性，30％的四门核心课程的成绩以及40％的州数学和阅读考试分数，由此可知，该学校列出了详细的入学标准供学生和家长参考。

A正确。

9、[单选题]ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph4thatthepossibledisadvantageofscreeningis_____

A.forgingeducationalbackground

B.acceleratingthelearningpace

C.deepeningtheeconomicaldistortion

D.increasinginequality

正确答案：

D

参考解析：

Screeningfacescriticswhosayitexacerbatessegregationbyraceandincome,partlybecauseaffluentfamilieshavemoreresourcestodealwiththesystemandpayfortutoring.  批评者认为，筛选加剧了种族和收入的分离，部分原因是富裕家庭拥有更多资源来应对这一制度，并支付辅导费用，由此可知这一筛选可能加剧贫富阶级的不平等，D正确。

10、[单选题]Welearnfromthetextthat_____

A.DepartmentofEducationofficialsinstructscreenedschoolsmonthly

B.high-school