考点38 完形填空之说明文备战中考英语复习考点一遍过.docx
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考点38完形填空之说明文备战中考英语复习考点一遍过
考点38完形填空之说明文
一、命题特点分析：
1.开头点题。
说明文类完形填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象，这是掌握说明细节的前提。
2.结构清晰。
说明文一般按一定的顺序展开。
理清文章的说明顺序，对于正确把握文意和上下文的逻辑关系，选择正确答案具有重要意义。
3.难度较大。
说明文往往采用比较正式的文体，表述准确严谨，生词术语较多，句子较长，结构较为复杂。
4.说明文一般采用简练的语言，按一定的方法介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系或事物的运动变化、发展的过程及其规律。
5.说明文十分讲究条理性，一般采取时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认知顺序来说明事物或事理。
二、解题方法：
1.快速弄清文章大意。
对于此类文章我们结合选择项，进行粗读或略读，对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。
说明文往往生词较多，而题材又比较广泛，所以阅读时，首先要能够掌握文章的大意。
2.弄清楚说明的顺序。
把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章的理解。
3.把握文章的组织结构，理清事实细节。
把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。
说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比较严密的短文。
在阅读这类文章时，我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾，从主题句着手，找出支持句，然后寻找文章的结论。
这时，我们还要特别注意，不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑，我们在理解细节的基础上，还要斟酌文字的内涵意义，从而对文章进行深层次的理解。
4.注重上下文语境
应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服＂思维定势＂，根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。
5.熟练做题方法，遵循四个原则：
（1）上下一致。
每个选择项必须从全文出发，从大处着手，避免孤立地分析每一空格，造成误选。
（2）语法正确。
从语法的角度去考虑动词的时态、语态以及词类用法。
（3）逻辑合理。
在完形填空题中，逻辑推理非常重要，有时每个选择项从语法上讲都正确，但是有的是不合语境逻辑的。
（4）符合搭配。
英语中固定搭配很多，需要熟练掌握，才能做好此类题目。
（一）
HaveyoulearnedabouttablemannersinChina?
HereIwillintroducesome.
Itisatraditional1forChinesepeopletoeatwithchopsticks.Eachpersonattablewillhaveapairofchopsticks,andthereisalsoanextrapair2isforpublicuse.
Youshouldrememberthatyou’re3tolettheeldersinthefamilysitandeatfirst.Iftheydon’tstart，everyoneelseshouldn’tstart,either.Andthenyoushouldmakea4tothem.
Whileeating,itisveryrudetoeatwithaloud5.Andyou’dbetternotspeakwhilefoodisstillinyour6.Donotonlyeatonedishevenifthatisyourfavorite.
Peopleusuallygooutoftheirwaytocookdeliciousfoodtomakeyou7athome,butwhentheysay,＂Thedishesaren’tdelicious.I8youdon’tmind,＂youmustnotsay,＂Yeah,that’strue,butIdon’tmind.＂9,itisatypical（典型的）wordwhichcanshowoneoftheChinesequalities—10.Youshouldanswer,＂Really?
Idon’tthinkso.Itisthebesttasteofanydishthatisnewtome.＂
1.A.pointB.orderC.methodD.custom
2.A.whichB.whoC.whereD.when
3.A.allowedB.consideredC.supposedD.invited
4.A.reportB.researchC.bowD.toast
5.A.voiceB.smileC.noiseD.cry
6.A.plateB.mouthC.handD.bowl
7.A.feelB.arriveC.eatD.aim
8.A.realizeB.suggestC.expectD.believe
9.A.HoweverB.ActuallyC.InsteadD.Finally
10.A.honestB.proudC.modestD.serious
（二）
Aroundtheworld,peoplehavedifferentideasaboutwhatgoodmannersare.Whenyougotorestaurantsindifferentpartsoftheworld,it’s1toknowtherightandwrongthingstodo.Forexample,inChinait’sOKto2alotofnoiseinarestaurant.Infact,ifarestaurantisn’tnoisyand3,youmaythinkthere’ssomethingwrongwithit.However,inmanywesterncountries,restaurantsare4places.Ifpeopleatatabletalktooloud,otherpeoplewhoareeatingtheremighteven5totheowneroftherestaurant.
Payingthebillisalsodifferentfromcountrytocountry.InChina,onepersonusuallypaysfor6.Inwesterncountries,onepersonpaysifheorsheisentertainingclients（宴请宾客）,but7friendseattogether,theyusuallysharethecost.Thisiscalled＂goingDutch（均摊费用）＂.Also,whenwesternerspaythebill,theyusuallyleavesomemoneyforthe8.Thisiscalled＂leavingatip＂.Leavingatipisthoughttobepolite.IntheU.S.,it’s9toleavetipsof10%,15%,or20%ofthebill,whichisdecidedbyhowgoodtheservice（服务）is.Goodwaiterscanmakealotofmoney!
Thewaypeopleeatfoodisnotthesameindifferentpartsoftheworld,butyoucan10thesamekindsoffoodinmanycountries.ChineseandIndianfoods,forexample,arepopularallovertheworld.
1.A.popularB.difficultC.importantD.enjoyable
2.A.causeB.keepC.hearD.make
3.A.livelyB.friendlyC.luckyD.polite
4.A.noisyB.quietC.busyD.clean
5.A.shoutB.explainC.complainD.speak
6.A.everybodyB.nobodyC.somebodyD.none
7.A.untilB.whenC.unlessD.since
8.A.gatekeeperB.sellerC.waiterD.visitor
9.A.terribleB.commonC.seriousD.unusual
10.A.inventB.discoverC.preferD.find
（一）【2019•广东省深圳市】
Nowadays,lotsofforeignersarelearningChinese.Likemanyofthem,I16knewtwowordsofChinese（＂NiHao＂and＂XieXie＂）whenIfirstcametoBeijing,Chinain2009.Asyoucanguess,mylifewas17forawhileafterIarrived.Simpletaskslikeorderingfoodortakingataxiwerequitestressful.
IknewIhadtolearnmoreChinese,soI18aChineseclass.Myteacherwas19,althoughIdidn’tlearnenoughtohavearealconversation.LaterIstudiedonmyownaswell,butmyprogresswasstillslow.AndIdecidedto20.
Aroundthistime,IstartedplayinginabandwithaChinesemanwhobecameoneofmybestfriendsinBeijing.Hetaughtmealotof21aboutmusic,suchas＂melody＂.HelearnedalotofEnglishfrommeinreturn,soitwasagoodwayto22languageandculture.
IhavelearnedenoughChineseto23manyproblemslikebookingtraintickets.Thesedays,therearemoreforeignerswhoarestudyingChinese.Ican24whyit’sanamazinglanguage.Finally,Ifoundthatthebestwaytolearna25istomakefriendswithnativespeakersandspendtimewiththem.
16.A.usuallyB.onlyC.hardly
17.A.easyB.interestingC.difficult
18.A.missedB.attendedC.taught
19.A.helpfulB.cheerfulC.thankful
20.A.makeupB.putupC.giveup
21.A.wordsB.namesC.jokes
22.A.changeB.imagineC.exchange
23.A.dealwithB.lookforC.thinkof
24.A.hopeB.realizeC.doubt
25.A.languageB.subjectC.task
（二）【2019•黑龙江省哈尔滨市】
Thesummervacationiscoming.Duringthevacation,youcandowhatyoulikeandprepareyourselfforthefuture.You’llenjoythisperiodoftimetothefullestwiththehelpofthefollowing__21__.
Takeexercise.Afterworkinghardformonths,youmustbebored.Takingexerciseisthebestwaytoget__22__again.Swimmingandwalkingareperfectchoicesforyou.Allkindsofexercise__23__yourhealth.
Mastersomebasiclifeskills.Youwilllivean__24__lifeoneday.Therefore,youshouldlearnsomenecessaryandusefulskillssuchaswashingclothesandcooking.Atthesametime,youcanhelpyourparents__25__houseworktoexpressyourthankstothem.
Go travelling. The world is a book. Those who don’t travel only read one page. Travelling is so__26__. Have you made yourown travel plan?
If not, do it __27__!
During the trip, you willhave a chanceto learn more knowledge.Whilelearningaboutdifferentcultures andcustoms.You will also make a lotof friend.
Enjoy time with family members. Family members play an important role in your life. They giveyou love,care and support all the time. Don’t __28__ to sparesome time to get together with them. You willfind__29__ great to stay with them,talking aboutdreams, hobbies or anything you like.
__30__ you follow what is mentioned above, you will have a wonderfulvacation.
21. A.suggestionsB. classesC.teams
22. A.dangerB.moneyC. energy
23.A. are good atB. are good forC. are good with
24.A. asleepB. impoliteC. independent
25. A. forB. withC. to
26. A.terribleB. uselessC. interesting
27. A. so farB. at onceC. no longer
28. A. forgetB. to forgetC forgetting
29. A. itB.oneC. that
30. A. ThoughB. Even ifC. As long as
（三）【2019•湖南省岳阳市】
HaveyoueverbeentoThailand?
ForthousandsoftouristsfromChina,thissmallcountryinSoutheastAsiaisanexcellentplaceto1.Bangkok（曼谷）isthe2ofThailand.Therearemanytemples（寺庙）inBangkok.Youcan3somemonks（僧侣）walkingalongthestreets.
The4timetovisitThailandisfromApril13thto15th，becauseitisthetimeof5.Peoplesing,danceandgoonthestreetsto6waterateachother.Thelocalpeoplethinkthatwatercanwashawaybadthingsandbringgoodluck.
Ontheonehand,beachesandsunshinearealotoftravelers’choices.Inthiscountry,therearemanyhotelsfacingthesea,soyoucanhavefunonthebeachor7inthesea.Ontheotherhand,Thailandisagoodplacetotry8food.Youcaneatseafoodatanyrestaurantorbuysometropical（热带的）fruitsuchasmangoesanddurians（榴莲）at9prices.
IfyougotoThailand,youwon’tforgetto10anelephant.TheelephantisasymbolofThailand.It’sbelievedthatThailandisoneofthemostfascinatingtravelplaces.
1.A.takeaholidayB.takethebusC.takerisks
2.A.worldB.countrysideC.capital
3.A.hearB.seeC.listen
4.A.mostB.worstC.best
5.A.theWaterFestivalB.ChristmasC.Thanksgiving
6.A.lookB.throwC.arrive
7.A.swimB.walkC.lose
8.A.terribleB.sourC.delicious
9.A.cheapB.expensiveC.low
10.A.hitB.rideC.drive
（四）（2018年江苏省徐州市）
Whatwillthefutureworldbelike?
Manypeoplearegladtogivetheir1.Herearetwoimaginationsabouttheworldof2.Whenpeopletalkaboutthefuture,weliketothinkthatwe'llhaveourownpersonalflyingcar.Wewouldflyat480kilometresperhour,avoidingtrafficlights,3roadsandspeedingtickets.4，somepeoplepointtothedisadvantagesofflyingcars.Onebigproblemis:
whatwillhappeniftheflyingcars5?
Thentherewillbeproblemswithtrafficcontrol.Also,if6becomepopular,therewillsurelybetoomuchairtraffic.7itseemsthatflyingcarswillfacemorethanafewproblemsiftheyaretogetofftheground!
ImagineyouhaveyourownIronman8.Se
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