定语从句中which和that区别.docx

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定语从句中which和that区别.docx

定语从句中which和that区别

定语从句中which和that区别

 

 

————————————————————————————————作者:

———————————————————————————————— 日期:

 

定语从句中which和that区别

奥赛书上的内容:

介词后只能用which不能用that

先行词为 xxx-thing时只能用that

先行词被theonly(含序数词)等限定词修饰时只能用that

先行词被最高级修饰时只用that

限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况

 1.当先行词是anything,everything, nothing(something除外),few,all,none, little,some 等代词时,或者是由every, any,all, some,no,little,few,much等修饰时

(1) Haveyoutakendowneverything thatMr. Lihassaid?

(2)There seemstobenothingthatseemsimpossibleforhimintheworld.ﻫ(3)All that canbe donehasbeendone.ﻫ(4)There islittlethatIcando for you.

注意:

当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用whoﻫ (4)Anymanthat/.who has a senseofduty won't dosuchathing.ﻫ2. 当先行词被序数词修饰

 

(1) Thefirst placethattheyvisitedin LondonwastheBig Ben.ﻫ3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时ﻫ (1) Thisisthebest film thatIhaveseen.ﻫ4.当形容词被the very,theonly修饰时ﻫ

(1)This istheverydictionarythat I want to buy,ﻫ 

(2)Afterthefire inhishouse,theoldcaris theonlythingthat heowned.ﻫ当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who

(3)WangHua istheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattend themeeting/

5.当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时ﻫ

(1) Whois themanthatisstandingthere?

(2)Whichis theT-shirt thatfitsmemost?

6.当先行词既有人,也有动物或者物体时

 (1) Canyou rememberthe scientistand histheorythat we have learned?

 

that与which的用法区别

两者都可指物,常可互换。

其区别主要在于:

1.引导非限制性定语从句时,通常要用which:

Thecurrent, which isveryrapid,makesthe riverdangerous.水流湍急,使这条河很危险。

HehastoworkonSundays,whichhedoesn’tlike. 他得在星期天工作,他是不喜欢这样的。

TheLondonteam,whichplayed sowelllastseason,hasdonebadly thisseason.伦敦队上一个季度打得很好,这个季度却打得很差。

2.直接放在介词后作宾语时,通常要用which:

Shemaybe late,in whichcasewe oughtto waitforher.她可能晚到,那样我们就要等等她。

Thedocuments forwhichtheyweresearchinghavebeenrecovered.他们找寻的文件已找到了。

Thismorningsome portwine came, forwhichIhavetothankyou.今天早上送来一些波尔图葡萄酒,为此我得向你道谢。

注:

有时“介词+which”引导的定语从句可以转换成“介词+which+不定式”结构:

Hehad only thelongnightsinwhichhecouldstudy. =Hehad onlythelongnightsinwhichtostudy.他只有漫漫长夜可用来学习。

He hadacoupleofrevolvers withwhichhecoulddefend himself.=Hehada couple of revolvers withwhich to defendhimself.他只有一两把手枪用来自卫。

3.当先行词是下列不定代词或被它们修饰时much,little,none,all,few,every(thing),any(thing),no(thing)等时,通常用that:

Allthatshelacked wastraining. 她缺的只是训练。

Have youhadeverythingthatyouneed?

 你需要的东西都有了吗?

Thesleepingman’ssubconsciousmindretainedeverythingthatwas saidaroundhim.这位酣睡的人头脑的下意识能记住他周围的人说的话。

Shewouldneverdoanythingthatwasnot approvedofbyherparents.她父母不赞同的事她绝不会做。

4.当先行词有thevery,the only,the same等修饰时,通常用that:

Thisistheonly examplethatI know.我知道的例子只有这一个。

Thosearethevery wordsthat heused.那是他的原话。

5.当先行词有形容词最高级或序数词(包括last,next等)等修饰时,通常用that:

Thisis the best dictionarythatI’veeverused.这是我用过的最好的词典。

Thefirst thingthatyoushoulddois to work out aplan. 你应该做的第一件事是订个计划。

6.当关系代词在定语从句中用作表语时,通常用that:

Chinaisnotthecountry(that) it was.中国已不是过去的中国了。

7.当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时,通常用that:

Theytalkedaboutthe personsandthingsthat mostimpressedthem.他们谈论了使他们印象最深的人和事。

8. 当要避免重复时:

Whichis thecourse that we aretotake?

我们选哪门课程?

@2答:

1)that既可以指人又可以指物,在句子中常作“主语”,“宾语”.

2)which只能指物,在句子中常作“主语”,“宾语”,too.ﻫ

3)who只能指人,在句子中作“主语”或“宾语”.ﻫ4) whom只能指人,在句子中只作“宾语”.ﻫ5)that和which的区别(这是考试中最长出现的)

a.that只能引导限制性定语从句,which既可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句.

b.当前面的名词为不定代词或者有最高级时,只能用“that”引导.ﻫc.当前面为介词时,只能用“which”引导.

 

@3在定语从句中,who和whom就是主格和宾格的区别,另外也就没有什么好搞的了.ﻫ主要是which和that,那么你最好把规律全部记住:

1.that即可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,which在从句中作宾语则不能省略.而且,如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边,但有的则放在它原来的位置ﻫ2.which作宾语时,根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系,先行词与which之间的介词不能丢(有介词的用which)ﻫ3.代表物时多用which,但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which,这些词包括all,anything,much等,这时的that常被省略

但在下列情况中用that而不用which:

ﻫa)先行词是anything,everything,nothing,none等不定代词时; ﻫb)先行词由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等修饰时,这时的that常被省略; ﻫ c)先行词前有序数词或被形容词最高级修饰时; ﻫ d)先行词中既有人又有物时; ﻫe)整个句中前面已有which,who,that时; ﻫf)当先行词为物并作表语时; ﻫg)先行词为one时; ﻫ h)先行词同时又被theonly,thevery,the same修饰时;

 

初中英语定语从句练习题

选择填空

1.Don’t talk aboutsuchthingsof_______youarenotsure.

A. whichB.whatC.as D.those

2.Isthis thefactory__________you visitedtheother day?

A.thatB.whereC.inwhich D.theone

3.Isthisfactory__________someforeignfriendsvisited lastFriday?

A.thatB. whereC.whichD.theone

4.Isthisthe factory__________heworkedten yearsago?

A.thatB.where C.whichD. theone

5.Thewolveshidthemselvesintheplaces __________couldn’t be found.

A.thatB. where C. inwhichD.inthat

6. The freezingpoint isthetemperature__________waterchangesinto ice.

A.at whichB.onthatC.inwhichD. ofwhat

7. This bookwill showyou__________ canbe usedinother contexts..

A. howyouhaveobservedB. whatyouhaveobserved

C. thatyou haveobserved D.howthatyou haveobserved

8.Thereasonis __________heisunabletooperate themachine.

A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.whether

9. I’lltellyou __________ he toldmelastweek.

A. allwhichB. thatC.allthatD.which

10.Thattree, __________ branchesarealmostbare, isveryold.

A.whoseB.ofwhichC.inwhich D.onwhich

11.Ihaveboughtthesame dress__________sheis wearing.

A.asB.thatC.which D.what

12. Hefailedintheexamination, __________madehisfatherveryangry.

A. whichB.itC.thatD.what

13.We’retalking aboutthe piano andthepianist _______werein theconcertwe attendedlastnight.

A. whichB. whomC.whoD. that

14.Thegirl________anEnglishsong in thenextroom is Tom’s sister.

A.whoissingingB.issingingC.sangD.wassinging

15. Those___notonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpractice willsucceed.

A.learn B.who C. thatlearnsD.wholearn

16.Anyone ________ this opinionmay speakout.

A.thatagainstB.thatagainstC.whoisagainstD. whoare against

17.Didn’tyouseetheman________?

A.Inodded just nowB.whomInoddedjustnow

C.Inodded tohimjust nowD.Inodded tojustnow

18.Canyoulendme thenovel______theotherday?

A.thatyoutalkedB.youtalked aboutit

C.whichyoutalkedwithD.youtalkedabout

19. Is there anything_______to you?

A.thatisbelongedB.thatbelongs

C.thatbelong D.whichbelongs

20.----“How doyoulikethebook?

----“It’s quitedifferentfrom_______ Ireadlast month.”

A.thatB.which C.theoneD.the onewhat

21.Mr.Zhanggavethetextbook to allthepupilsexcept_____who hadlreadytakenthem.

A. the onesB.ones C.someD. the others

22. The train _______shewastravellingwaslate.

A.whichB.where C.onwhichD.inthat

23.Hehas lost the key tothedrawer_______the papersarekept.

A.whereB. inwhich C. underwhichD.which

24.Antarctic_______weknowverylittleiscoveredwiththickicealltheyearround.

A.whichB.where C.thatD.about which

25.It’sthethird time_______latethismonth.

A.that you arrivedB.when youarrived

C.thatyou’ve arrived D. whenyou’vearrived

26.Itwasin1969_______the Americanastronautsucceeded inlandingon themoon.

A.thatB.whichC.when D.inwhich

27.Maythefourthisthe day ______weChinesepeoplewill neverforget.

A.which B.whenC. onwhichD.aboutwhich

28. WearegoingtospendtheSpringFestivalin Guangzhou,_______livemy grandparentsandsomerelatives.

A.whichB.thatC.whoD.where

29.Thehotel_______duringourholidays standsbytheseaside.

A. westayedatB.wherewe stayedat

C.westayedD. inthat westayed

30.Is it inthatfactory_______“RedFlag”carsareproduced?

A. inwhichB.whereC.whichD.that

31.Itis the SuezCanal _______ separatesAsia______Africa.

A.which,to B.where,fromC.that,fromD.that,with

32.Under thebridge,however, almost directlybelow,_______wasasmallcanoe, with aboy in it.

A.thereB.where C.itD. which

33.He isnot______afool_______.

A.such,asheis lookedB.such,ashelooks

C.as,asheislooked D. so,as helooks

34. Isthatthereason_______youareinfavourof theproposal?

A.whichB.whatC. why D.forthat

35.HemustbefromAfrica,_______ canbe seenfromhis skin.

A.thatB.asC.who D.what

36.Hehastwosons,_______ workas chemists.

A.twoofwhomB.both ofwhom C.both ofwhichD.allof whom

37.I, _______ yourgood friend,will trymybestto helpyouout.

A. who isB. who amC.thatisD. whatis

38.Heis a man ofgreat experience, _______ muchcanbelearned.

A. whoB.thatC.fromwhichD. fromwhom

39. ----Doyouknowthetownatall?

----No,this isthefirsttime I ________here.

A.wasB.have been C. cameD. am coming

40.Idon’tlike_______ youspeak toher.

A.thewayB.thewayin that

C.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich

41.Thetwo things _______ theyfeltvery proudareJim’sgold watchandDella’s hair.

A.aboutwhich B.ofwhich

C.in which D. for which

42.Thedinner was themostexpensivemeal we ______.

A.wouldhaveB.have had C.hadneverhadD. had everhad

43. Doyouknowwhich hotel _______?

A.sheisstayingB.she isstaying in

C.isshestayingD. isshestayingin

44.Thereisonlyonething_______Icando.

A.whatB.thatC.allD.which

45. Whocanthinkofasituation________thisidiomcan beused?

A. whichB. thatC.whereD. inthat

46.Ihavemanybooks, someof_______areonchemistry.

A. themB.that C.whichD.those

47.Theywereinterested_______youtoldthem.

A.inwhichB.inthat C. all thatD.ineverything

48.Theastronautdidmanyexperimentsin the spaceship,________much

helpfor knowingspace.

A.whichwethink it isB.whichwethinkareof

C.of which wethinkisD.I thinkwhichis of

49.Thegreatdaywe looked forward to_______ atlast.

A.comeB.cameC.comingD. comes

50.I likethesecond

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