高二英语任务型阅读练习试题.docx
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高二英语任务型阅读练习试题
一、高中英语任务型阅读
1.Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.
Ifyoushowerbeforebed,you'veprobablywonderedwhethersleepingwithdamphairisaproblem.Maybeyou'vehearditcouldmakeyousick,orthatitcandamageyourhairorskin.
What'sthetruth?
Let'saddressthe"itcanmakeyousick"mythfirst."________"saysDr.WilliamSchaffner,aprofessorofmedicine.Whilethisideapersists,Schaffnersaysitwaslongagodisproved.It'struethatyou'remuchmorelikelytocatchacommoncoldduringthewintermonths.Butthishastodowiththewaysrespiratory(呼吸的)virusesspread,hesays.
________ Illness-causingbacteriaandvirusesdon'tappearnaturally,andsoyou'renotgoingtomakeyourselfillbygettingyourpillowalittledampatnight,Schaffnersays.Butthereisapossibleexception.Someresearchhasshownthatpillows—especiallythosemadewithsyntheticmaterials—cancontainasthma-orallergy-triggeringmolds(哮喘或致敏菌)andfungus,whichtendtodowellindampenvironments,andsododustmites,saysDr.PayelGupta,aspokespersonfortheAmericanLungAssociation.
Guptasaysthere'snoevidencethatpeoplewhosleepwithwethairexperiencemoreallergyorasthmasymptoms.________ Butifyouwakeupwithastuffynose,itchyorwateryeyes,breathingproblemsorotherallergyorasthmasymptoms—orevenifyoudon't—youshouldwashyourpillowcasesandsheetsinhotwateratleastonceaweektoreduceyourexposuretoanypotentialirritants(刺激物).
Whenitcomestothehealthofyourhairandskin,theremaybeafewotherreasonstoworryaboutwethair."Generally,it'sthoughtnottobegoodforhairtosleepwithitwet,"saysDr.GeorgeCotsarelis,aprofessorofdermatology(皮肤病学),"________"
It'salsoworthnotingthatalmostanythingyoudotoyourhair—frombrushingandblow-dryingittocoloringitorexposingittothesun—candamageit.
A.Hence,anyconcernsaboutwethairaretheoretical.
B.Insomecases,wethairmayactuallybeahelpfulsleepaid.
C.Overtime,itcanleadtobreakages,aswellasalossofshine.
D.Theremaybesomemildrisksassociatedwithgoingtobedwithwethair.
E.Anotherwet-hairrumor(谣传)istheideathatharmfulbacteriawillcolonizeyourpillow.
F.Thisideaseemstofitintotheoldbitofcustomthatgettingyourselfchilledandwetwillcauseyoutocomedownwithacold.
【答案】F;E;A;C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍人们普遍认为湿着头发睡觉不利于健康,但是毫无科学依据,但湿头发睡觉对头发有不利影响。
(1)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
根据空后“Whilethisideapersists,Schaffnersaysitwaslongagodisproved.”可知,尽管这个观点仍然存在,但是很久之前就被证明是错误的,F.Thisideaseemstofitintotheoldbitofcustomthatgettingyourselfchilledandwetwillcauseyoutocomedownwithacold.“这个观点似乎和旧的观念相融合,这一观念认为感受到冷和湿润很可能会感冒”,承接下文,切题,故选F。
(2)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
根据空后“Illness-causingbacteriaandvirusesdon'tappearnaturally,andsoyou'renotgoingtomakeyourselfillbygettingyourpillowalittledampatnight,Schaffnersays.”可知,致病病菌不会自然出现,因此,不用因为打湿了一点枕头就觉得会感冒,E.Anotherwet-hair rumor (谣传)istheideathatharmfulbacteriawillcolonizeyourpillow. “关于湿头发的谣言就是细菌会占满你的枕头”,后文对这个观点进行了反驳,切题,故选E。
(3)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
根据空前“Guptasaysthere'snoevidencethatpeoplewhosleepwithwethairexperiencemoreallergyorasthmasymptoms”可知,没有证据表明因为湿头发睡觉更有可能过敏或者风湿症状,A.Hence,anyconcernsaboutwethairaretheoretical.“因此,任何关于湿头发的担忧都是理论上的”,没有实际意义,开启下文,切题,故选A。
(4)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
根据空前“Generally,it'sthoughtnottobegoodforhairtosleepwithitwet”可知,一般说来,湿头发睡觉对头发不好,C.Overtime,itcanleadtobreakages,aswellasalossofshine. “长时间这样的话,头发容易断,无光泽”,承接上文,切题,故选C。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上,着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
2.(2019•江苏)请认真阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
TheCostofThinking
Despitetheirmanydifferences,allhumanbeingsshareseveraldefiningcharacteristics,suchaslargebrainsandtheabilitytowalkuprightontwolegs.
Thefirstuniquehumancharacteristicisthathumanshaveextraordinarilylargebrainscomparedwithotheranimals.Itseemsobviousthatevolutionshouldselectforlargerbrains.Mammals(哺乳动物)weighingsixtykilogramshaveanaveragebrainsizeof200cm2.Modernmanhasabrainaveraging1200-1400cm2.Wearesofondofourhighintelligencethatweassumethatwhenitcomestobrainpower,moremustbebetter.Unfortunately,thatisnotthecase.
Thefactisthatahugebrainisahugedrain—consumptionofenergy—onthebody.I'snoteasytocarryaround,especiallywhenboxedinsideamassiveskull(倾骨).It'sevenhardertoprovidesenergy.Inmodernman,thebrainaccountsforabout2-3%oftotalbodyweightbutitconsumes25%ofthebody'senergywhenthebodyisatrest.Bycomparison,thebrainsofapes(类人猿)requireonly8%ofrest-timeenergy.Earlyhumanspadfortheirlargebrainsintwoways.Firstly,theyspentmoretimeinsearchfood.Secondly,theirmusclesgrewsmallerandweaker.It'shardlyanobviousconclusionthatthisisagoodwaytosurvive.Achimpanzee(黑猩猩)can'twinanargumentwithamodernman,butitcantearthemanapartlikearagdoll.
Anotheruniquehumancharacteristicisthatwewalkupright.Standingup,it'seasiertofindfoodorenemies.Inaddition,theirarmsthatareunnecessaryformovingaroundarefreedforotherpurposes,likethrowingstonesorsignaling.Asaresult,humanscanperformverycomplextaskswiththeirhands.
Yetwalkinguprighthasitsdisadvantage.Thebonestructureofourancestorsdevelopedformillionsofyearstosupportacreaturethatwalkedonallfoursandhasarelativelysmallhead.Adjustingtoanuprightpositionwasquiteachallenge,especiallywhentheboneshadtosupportanextra-largeskull.Humankindpaidforitsbroadvisionandskillfulhandsbackachesandpainfulnecks.
Weassumethatalargebrainmakeshugeadvantages.Itseemsobviousthatthesehavemadehumankindthemostpowerfulanimalonearth.Buthumansenjoyedalloftheseadvantagesforafull2millionyearsduringwhichtheyremainedweakandmarginalcreature.Thushumanswholivedamillionyearsago,despitetheirbigbrainsandsharpstonetools,livedinconstantfearofmeat-eatinganimals.
TheCostofThinking
Introduction
•Largebrainsfortheirbodiesandtheabilitytowalkuprightaretwo________ofhumanbeings.
The________oflargehumanbrains
•Thelargerbrainsmaynotbebetterbecauseofthecost.
•Thebigbrainsmakeitharderforthebodytomovearoundandconsumemoreenergy.
•Theanimalbrainrequiresless________whenthebodyisatrest.
•Largehumanbrainsconsumemorefood,andweakenmuscles.
The________ofwalkingupright
•Walkinguprightmakesiteasytofindfoodor________againstenemies.
•Freedhandscanservesome________purposeandperformcomplextasks.
•Walkinguprightchallengesthehumanbonestructure,and________thesizeofbrains.
•Walkinguprightresultsin________sufferings.
Conclusion
•Withalargebrain,humanbeings________otherbeingsintermsofintelligence.
•Weakandmarginal,humanbeingsremained________ofmeat-eatinganimals.
【答案】characteristics;disadvantages;energy;impact(s);guard;other;limits;physical;beat;fearful/afraid
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了人用大脑思考的代价。
人类与动物相比有两大特点:
大大的大脑和直立行走。
超大的大脑使人类拥有更高的智商,但却消耗巨大的能量。
直立行走让人类擅长寻找食物和抵御敌人,解放了的双手来更复杂的事。
但却让人类遭受腰痛和颈部疼痛等。
人类成为地球上最强大的动物,享受无与伦比的优势,却对食肉动物怀有恐惧。
(1)信息归纳题。
根据第一段“allhumanbeingssharedefiningcharacteristics,suchaslargebrainsandtheabilitytowalkuprightontwolegs.”可知,大脑袋和双腿直立行走的能力是人类共有的特点(characteristics)。
故填characteristics。
(2)信息归纳题。
此题就是对第三段内容的总结。
第三段主要叙述了人类的大脑大的缺点。
因此本空格填写disadvantages。
(3)信息来源题。
根据第三段中的“ahugebrainisahugedrain--consumptionofenergy”以及“It(thebrain)consumes25%ofthebody'senergywhenthebodyisatrest.Bycomparisonthebrainsofapesrequireonly8%ofrest-timeenergy”可知,人类巨大的大脑是一个巨大的能量消耗。
当身体处于休息时,大脑要消耗25%的身体能量。
相比之下,类人猿的大脑只需要8%的休息时间能量。
人类与动物相比,动物需要的能量(energy)要比人类少。
故填energy。
(4)信息归纳题。
分析空后的75--78小题所在的第五段和第六段的内容可知,此部分主要叙述了直立行走对人类的影响。
故填impact(s)。
(5)信息转换题。
根据第五段的第一句“Anotheruniquehumancharacteristicisthatwewalkupright.Standingup,it'seasiertofindfoodorenemies.”可知,另一个独特的人类特征是我们直立行走。
站起来,更容易找到食物或敌人。
找到敌人,就是为了防御敌人。
因为or为连词,在此句中连结两个动词短语,故空格填动词。
“guardagainst...”为固定搭配,意为“防御......”,故填guard。
(6)信息来源题。
根据第五段中的”...theirarmsthatareunnecessaryformoving aroundarefreedforotherpurposes,likethrowingstonesorsignaling.Asaresult,humanscanperformverycomplextaskswiththeirhands.”可知,解放了的双手可以用于做其它的事,即有其它的目的。
故填other。
(7)信息归纳题。
根据第五段“walkinguprighthasdisadvantages.Thebonestructureofourancestorsdevelopedformillionsofyearstosupportacreaturethatwalkedonfourandarelativesmallhead.Adjustingtoanuprightpositionwasquiteachallenge,especiallywhentheboneshadtosupportanextra-largeskull.”可知,直立行走也有缺点。
我们祖先进化了上百亿年,骨骼也只能支撑四肢行走和有一个相对较小的头。
直立行走对人类的骨架是一个相当大的挑战,限制了人的头脑的大小。
故本空填limits。
(8)信息转换题。
根据第六段“...,Humankindpaidforitsvisionandskillfulhandswithbackachesandpainfulnecks.”可知,直立对人类的骨架是一个相当大的挑战,人类为自己的视力和灵巧的双手付出了代价,换来的是腰酸背痛和脖子疼痛。
由此得出,直立导致身体方面的(physical)痛苦,故填physical。
(9)信息归纳题。
根据最后一段“Weassumethatalargebrainmakeshugeadvantages.Itseemsobviousthatthesehavemadehumankindthemostpowerfulanimal onearth.”可知,我们假设大脑越大,优势越大。
很明显,这些使得人类成为地球上最强大的动物。
由此可推断出我们的大脑比动物大,在智力方面人类比动物更聪明,即在智力方面击败了(beat)其他动物。
故填beat。
(10)信息归纳题。
根据最后一段“...humansenjoyedalloftheseadvantagesforafull2millionyearsduringwhichtheyweakandmarginalcreatures.Thushumanswholivedamillionyearsago,despitetheirbigbrainsandsharpstonetools,livedinconstantfearofmeat--eatinganimals.”可知,尽管人类享受着所有这些优势,但也是弱小的生物。
因此尽管拥有巨大的大脑和锋利的石器,但也曾经对食肉动物仍旧害怕/恐惧。
因为空前是系动词,故本空要填形容词(afraid/fearful)可知,此处要填名词,