江西省专升本英语辅导讲解.docx
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江西省专升本英语辅导讲解
专升本英语语法辅导讲义
我 喜欢 音乐。
I like music.
我 喜欢 音乐 以前。
I liketoplaybasketball.
我 喜欢打篮球。
Heisagoodstudentthatweallknow.
我们都知道他是一个好学生。
1.Theauthorfindsoutthatgoodintentionsalonearenotenoughwhenhisattempttobekindtoanoldmanleavesthembothfeelingworsethanbefore.
2.Mostpeopledonotrealize,however,thatitistheregularuseof”ordinary”physicalpunishment,andtheculturalapprovalitenjoys,thatlaysthegroundworkforchildabuse.
Theagency,______tosetandenforcehealthstandardforAmericanworkers,hasbeenpromisingacottonduststandardforseveralyears.
A.whosejobitisB.whosejobisC.whoseD.whoseis
3.Itseemssimpleenoughtodistinguishbetweentheorganismandthesurroundingenvironmentandtoseparateforcesactingonanorganismintothosethatareinternalandbiologicalandthosethatareexternalandenvironmental.
4.Butmyownworrytodayislessthatoftheoverwhelmingproblemofelementalliteracythanitisoftheslightlymoreluxuriousproblemofthedeclineintheskillevenofthemiddle-classreader,ofhisunwillingnesstoaffordthosespacesofsilence,thoseluxuriesofdomesticityandtimeandconcentration,thatsurroundtheimageoftheclassicactofreading.
第一章 、时态和语态
<主要是指谓语动词>
一.时态
⒈现在时
（1）一般现在时
Helikesmusic.
（2）现在进行时
Heisdoingthehousework.
（3）现在完成时
Hehasfinishedthework.
（4）现在完成进行时
HehasbeenstudyingEnglishforsixyears.
注意：
Thehousehasbeeninbadrepairsincehelivedinit.
Thehousehasbeeninbadrepairsincehemovedout.
Thehousehasbeeninbadrepairsincehehaslivedinit.
Ihaven’teatensnailssinceIwasastudentatIndianaUniversity.
Ihaven’teatensnailssinceIleftIndianaUniversity.
Ihaven’teatensnailssinceIhavebeenastudentatIndiana.
⒉过去时
（1）一般过去时
HewatchedTVlastnight
（2）过去进行时
Hewasdoinghishomeworkatthistimeyesterday.
（3）过去完成时<过去的过去>
HehadworkedforsixyearsbeforeMarryjoinedtheArmy.
（4）过去完成进行时
HehadbeenworkingforthefactorybeforeMarryjoinedtheArmy.
⒊将来时
（1）一般将来时
IwillstudyEnglishnextweek.
IshallstudyEnglishnextweek.
IamgoingtostudyEnglishnextweek.
IamabouttostudyEnglishnextweek.
IamtostudyEnglishnextweek.
区别:
will和begoingto,beaboutto,beto的区别
如:
Ifthemetalisheated,itwillexpand.
IamgoingtostudyEnglishnextweek.
IamabouttostudyEnglishnextweek.
IamtostudyEnglishnextweek.
区别:
begoingto,beaboutto,和beto的区别
如:
Look,somanyblackclouds,itisgoingtorain.
当有预先征兆的时候我们应该用begoingto.
（2）将来进行时
IwillbestudyingEnglishatsixo'clocktomorrow.
如果是将来的一个具体时间我们可以用将来进行时.
（3）过去将来时
Hesaid,"IwillstudyEnglishnextweek."
HesaidthathewouldstudyEnglishthenextweek.
（4）将来完成时
Wewillhavefinishedtheworkbynextyear.
43.Bytheendoflastmonth,we______onthisprojectformorethan6weeks.（09）
A）haveworked B）hadworked C）areworking D）willwork
68.Bythetimeyougettherethisafternoon,thefilm____.（06\07）
A）istostart B）isstarting C）willstart D）willhavestarted
44. Weplantofinishtheworkonthe15thofnextmonth.Bythen,we___fortenweeks.（05）
A） areworking B） havebeenworked C） wereworkingD） willhaveworked
60. Bytheendofthisyear,it_____16yearssincetheemergenceoftheWorldWideWebasanelectronic–publishingvehicle.（05）
A） hasbeen B） willhavebeen C） willbeD） hadbeen
特例:
⒈Heisalwaysspeakingtohismotherlikethis.
当表示一种埋怨和责备语气的时候用现在进行代替一般现在时.
二.语态
主动语态
Iwrotealetteryesterday.
Iwillwritethebook.
被动语态
Theletterwaswrittenbymeyesterday.
Thebookwillbewrittenbyme.
56.Theprofessorwassopopularthathe_____withenthusiasm.（07）
A）alwayslistenedto B）alwayswaslistened
C）wasalwayslistened D）wasalwayslistenedto
特例:
⒈Imadehimcry
Hewasmadetocrybyme.
⒉Iheardhimsingthesongyesterday.
Hewasheardtosingthesongbymeyesterday.
第二章、句子结构
主 谓 宾 定 状 补 表 同位
Ilikemusic.<主谓宾>
Igaveyouabike.<双宾>
Ihavearedpen.<定语>
Hestudieshard.<程度状语>程度状语
Hestudiesenglishintheafternoon.<时间状语>时间状语
Hesingsintheclassroom<地点状语>
Heislatebecauseheisill.<原因状语>
Hegoestoschoolbybus.<方式状语>
If youcomehere hewillcometoo.<条件状语>备注:
在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中从句不能用将来时
Hecameheretolookafterme.<目的状语>
Hegotupsoearlythathecaughtthebus.<结果状语>
Hegotupsoearlythathecouldcatchthebus.<目的状语>
Hecameherewithasmile.<伴随状语>
TheArmywalkedinthestreetwhilepeopleweredancing.<伴随状语>
Althoughheisalittleboy,heknowsalot.（让步状语）
补语<宾补,主补>
IcallyouTom.<宾补>Ifindenglisheasy.<宾补>
sb. sb adj.
YouarecalledTom.<主补>
Iamastudent.<表语>
Iamexcited.<系表结构>
同位语<同位主语,同位宾语>
Youtwoarefoolish.<同位主语>
Ibeatyoutwo.<同位宾语>
第三章、主从复合句
<必须满足:
⒈只有一个句号 ⒉主句和从句之间必须要有连接词，连接词有两个功能，一是起到连接从句，整体作为整个主句的一个成分，二是连接词本身在从句中单独也做一个成分 ⒊从句必须用正常语序>
主语从句
Whatyournameis isnotknown.<主语从句>
Thathecameheremadeushappy.<主语从句>
宾语从句
Idonotknowwhatyournameis.<宾语从句>
Ifind（that）Englishiseasy.<宾语从句>
52.Themeetingwasputoffuntilnextweek,whichwasexactly______wewanted.（06）
A）it B）which C）that D）what
同位主语从句
Thenewsthathewillcomeheremakesushappy.<同位主语从句>
Theresultwhethertheteamhaswonthegameisnotknown.<同位主语从句＞
76.Wehavetofacethefact____newcomputervirusesmayappearatanytimeanditcanspreadacrosscomputersinaveryrapidspeed.（09）
A）that B）it C）which D）what
43. All_____thepeoplewantarelastingpeaceandsocialprogress.（05）
A） what B） such C） thoseD） which
50. TheUnitedNationsexpressedthehope___thetwosidesshouldsoonstopfightinginthearea.（05）
A） which B） that C） whatD） when
表语从句
MoneyiswhatIwant.<表语从句＞
49.Whatthedoctoradvisesmetodois____Imustkeeptalkingawell-balanceddietandregularexercises.（09）
A）that B）whether C）which D）what
名词性从句的特例＜whether和if（是否）的区别＞
⒈Thequestioniswhetherthefilmisworthseeing<在表语从句中只能用whether不用if>
⒉Thenewswhetherourteamhaswonthewatchisunknown.<在同位语从句中只能用whether>
⒊Whetherwewillattendthemeetingisunknown.<在主语从句中只能用whether>
⒋Itisunknownwhetherwewillattendthemeeting.<当它转换成形式主语时两者都可以用＞
⒌Italldependsonwhetherwewillsupporthim.＜在介词后面只能用whether>
⒍Hedoesnotknowwhethertostayornot.<如果是直接接动词不定式只能用whether>
⒎Hedoesnotknowwhether（if）heshouldstayornot.<如果引导的是这种宾语从句两者皆可以用＞
⒏Hedidnotknowwhetherornotshehasbeenready.<如果是直接跟ornot只能用whether>
⒐Iwonderif/whetherthenewsistrue.<如果引导的是这种宾语从句两者皆可以用＞
⒑Hewasnotsureif/whetheritisrightorwrong.<参见第四种＞
⒒Idonotcareifitdoesnotrain.<如果宾语从句是否定句习惯上用if>
状语从句
If youcomehere hewillcometoo.<条件状语从句>备注:
在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中从句不能用将来时
Heislatebecauseheisill.<原因状语从句>
Hegotupsoearlythathecaughtthebus.<结果状语从句>
Hegotupsoearlythathecouldcatchthebus.<目的状语从句>
TheArmywalkedinthestreetwhilepeopleweredancing.＜伴随状语从句＞
Icameherewhenyouwentout.<时间状语从句＞
Iwillgowhereourcountrymostneedsme.<地点状语从句＞
Ididthethingasyousaid.<方式状语从句＞
44.Hedidn’trealizehehadleftthefilesinhiscustomer’soffice______hewentbacktothecompany.（09）
A）if B）until C）unless D）since
67.Hewillgoabroadtofurtherhisstudynextyear_________hegetsascholarshiporenoughmoney.（09）
A）if B）so C）till D）although
73.____shejoinedthecompanyonlyayearago,she’salreadybeenpromotedtwice.（09）
A）Because B）If C）Although D）When
42.Johnfrequentlyattemptstoescapebeingfinedwheneverhe____trafficregulations.（08）
A）breaks B）isbreaking C）willbreakD）broke
72._____weenteredthehall,anattendantcameupandofferedusalist.（08）
A）Aslongas B）Asfaras C）AswellasD）Assoonas
78._______Johnisinratherpoorhealth,hecanhardlyresistcatchingcolds.（08）
A）Although B）Since C）AfterD）opposed
51.I____mybreakfastwhenthemorningpostcame.（07）
A）washaving B）hadbeenhaving C）had D）amhaving
62.______weweregiventherightaddress,wefoundherhouseeasily.（06\07）
A）Since B）Although C）If D）So
54.Mostofthegraduatingstudentshavedecidedtogo______theyaremostneeded.（06）
A）where B）which C）what D）how
补语从句
Iputthebookwhereitwas.<状语从句，也可理解为补语从句＞
Abigroom
定语从句
先行词
关系词＜包括关系代词，关系副词＞
关系代词：
whichthat whowhosewhomas
关系副词：
wherewhenwhy
限制性定语从句
Thisisthehouse（which） luxunlivedin.=Thisisthehouse（that） luxunlivedin.=Thisisthehouseinwhichluxunoncelived.
Thisisthehouse whereluxunoncelived.<瞻前顾后＞
Isavedtheboywhosemotherismyteacher.
Heisthemanwhosavedtheboyyesterday.
Heistheboy（whom）themansavedyesterday.
IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheArmy.=IwillneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedtheArmy.
Thisisthehouse whereluxunoncelived.
Idonotknowthereasonwhyheislate.
45.Idon’tknow_____willmakethefinaldecisionforoursummertrip.（09）
A）what B）which C）whom D）who
52.Inhisspeechheadviceto____wasinterestedinthefieldofcomputerscience.（09）
A）.that B）.whoever C）whom D）whose
79.EachARSscientist____proposalwasacceptedwillreceive$80000fortwoyearsofhigh-priorityresearch.（09）
A）who
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