学位英语年阅读理解分析.docx

学位英语年阅读理解分析.docx

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学位英语年阅读理解分析

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2004年真题

Manyparentsgivelunchmoneytotheirteenagersinsteadofaboxlunch.Theteenagerswilloftenspendthatmoneyforafastfoodlunchofhotdogsorhamburgersinsteadofintheschoolcafeteria.

Theyarestronglyinfluencedbywhattheirfriendsdo,andeventhoughyou'vefilledThemwithgoodeatinghabitssinceearlychildhood,theycastthemoffinfavorofeatingjunkfoodifthatiswhattheotherseat.

Unfortunately,hotdogandFrenchfryeaterstendtobemalnourished（营养不良）especiallyiftheydon'teatfruitsandvegetablesatlunchtime.

Fastfoodsarehighincalories,highinfatsandhighinsodium,andVitaminsA,CandE,calciumandironareverylowormissingfromfastfoods.Fastfoodsareconsidered"junkfoods"iftheyhavetoomanycalories,friedandtoofewnutrients.

TeenagegirlsareamongthemostpoorlynourishedgroupmCanadiansociety,becausetheyareoftendietingtostayslim.Theyseldomthinkofachievingthisendbyincreasingtheirdailyexercises.Veryfewofthemareregularlyinvolvedinsports,andtheyaregenerallymoreinactivethanboys.Theytendtoskipmeals,butwhentheyarewithfriends,theyenjoythemselvesat.junkfoodsthatprovidethemwithlittleofthenutrientstheyrequire.

Fightingwithyourteenagedaughter,orson,usuallydoesn'thelp.Teenagersareresistantandseekindependencefromtheirparents.Sotellingyourteenagersthatfastfoodsarebadforthemmightbeofsomehelp.

16.Acafeteriais

A.arestaurantwherepeoplecanservethemselves

B.acoffeeshopwherepeoplecanhaveacupofcoffee

C.ateashopwherepeoplecanhaveacupoftea

D.abarwherepeoplecanhavedrinks

17.Nowadaysteenagerstendtohaveafastfoodlunchbecause

A.theyareinfluencedbyeachother

B.theyaregivenlunchmoney

C.fastfoodsareusuallyfried

D.fastfoodsarenutritious

18.Ifteenagegirlswanttostayslim,theyshould

A.beinvolvedinsportsirregularly

B.increasetheirdailyexercises

C.eatfastfoods

D.skipmeals

19.Peopleregardfastfoodsas"junkfoods"becauseofthefollowingEXCEPTThat

A.theyareusuallyfried

B.theyhavetoomanycalories

C.theyhavetoofewnutrients

D.theyhaveenoughvitamins

20.Whatdoyouexpectinthenextparagraphafterthispassage.'

A.Givingsomenutritionadvicetoparents.

B.Explainingsomedisadvantagesofeatingfastfoods.

C.Introducingsomeadvantagesofeatingfastfoods.

D.Criticizingparentsforgivingtheirchildrenlunchmoney.

Anoccasionaldrinkwithdinnercouldreducetheriskofhavingastroke（中风）accordingtoanewstudy.Researchersfoundthatlighttomoderatedrinkerscanlowertheirriskbyabout20percentcomparedwithnon-drinkers.

Thestudywasthebiggestevertoexaminethelinkbetweenalcoholandstroke.Itshowedthataslittleasasingleglassofwineorbeerperweekcansignificantlyreducestrokerisk.Thestudyinvolvedmorethan22,000men,buttheresearcherssaidtheresultscouldalsoapplytowomen.

However,theresearchersstresseditwouldbeunwisefordoctorstoadvisepatientswhodon'tdrinktosuddenlystartorthosewhodrinksmallamountstobeginconsumingmoreheavily.Thestudyfoundnoaddedprotectionfromstrokebydrinkingmorethanlightlyormoderately.

Andresearcherswarnedofpossibleharmsposedbyalcohol,suchasliverdamage,thedangersofdrivingwhiledrunkandtheriskofbreastcancerinwomen.

What'smore,thereareotherwaystoreducestrokerisk,suchasquittingsmokingorloweringbloodpressure.

Numerousstudieshaveshownthatmodestdrinkingreducestheriskofheartdisease.Butuntilnow,theevidenceofaneffectonstrokeshasbeenlessconvincing.Earlystudieswerecriticizedbecausetheysimplycompareddrinkerstonon-drinkers.Thislateststudyexaminedvaryinglevelsofalcoholintake.Itfoundthatbetweenonedrinkaweekandoneadayreducestherisk,andthelesseramountwasaboutasgoodasthehigherone.

21.Thestudywasthebiggesteverbecause

A.ithasbeenpublishedlately

B.itinvolvedmorethan22,000men

C.itprovidedsomeadvicetodoctors

D.theresultscouldalsoapplytowomen

22.WhichofthefollowingwaysisNOTmentionedinthepassagetoreducestrokerisk

A.Givingupsmoking.

B.Loweringbloodpressure.

C.Drinkinglightlyandoccasionally.

D.Takingmedicineontime.

23.AlcoholdoesthefollowingharmEXCEPT

A.resultinginliverdamage

B.causingtrafficaccidents

C.loweringbloodpressure

D.increasingtheriskofbreastcancer

24.Thestudyisconsideredmoresuccessfulbecauseit

A.compareddrinkerstonon-drinkers

B.testedlightdrinkers

C.lookedintoheavydrinkers

D.examinedvaryinglevelsofalcoholintake

25.Thepurposeofthestudyis

A.tolookatthelinkbetweenalcoholandstroke

B.toadvisenon-drinkerstomakeastart

C.toencouragelightdrinkerstobecomeheavydrinkers

D.topromotethesaleofalcohol

Manyofthemostdamagingandlife-threateningtypesofweather,suchastorrentialrainsandseverethunderstorms,beginquickly,strikesuddenly,anddisappearrapidly,destroyingsmallregionswhileleavingneighboringareasuntouched.Conventionalcomputermodelsoftheatmospherehavelimitedvalueinpredictingshort-livedlocalstormsI:

.ecausetheavailableweatherdataaregenerallynotdetailedenoughtoallowcomputerstoseeclearlythesmallatmosphericchangesthatcomebeforethesestorms.Inmostnations,forexample,weatherballoonobservationsaretakenjustonceeverytwelvehoursatlocationstypicallyseparatedbyhundredsofmiles.Withsuchlimiteddata,conventionalforecastingmodelsdoamuchbetterjobpredictinggeneralweatherconditionsoverlargeregionsthantheydoforecastingspecificlocalevents.

Untilrecently,theobservation-intensiveapproachneededforaccurate,veryshort-rangeforecasts,or“Nowcasts”wasimpracticable.Thecostofequippingandoperatingmanythousandsofconventionalweatherstationswasextremelyhigh,andthedifficultiesinvolvedinrapidlycollectingandprocessingtherawweatherdatafromsuchanetworkwerebeyondovercoming.Fortunately,scientificandtechnologicaladvanceshaveovercomemostoftheseproblems.Radarsystems,automatedweatherinstruments,andsatellitesareallcapableofmakingdetailed,nearlycontinuousobservationsoverlargeregionsatarelativelylowcost.Communicationsatellitescantransmitdataaroundtheworldcheaplyandimmediately,andmoderncomputerscanquicklycompileandanalyzethislargevolumeofweatherinformation.Meteorologists（气象学家）andcomputerscientistsnowworktogethertodesigncomputerprogramsandvideoequipmentcapableoftransformingrawweatherdataintowords,symbols,andvividgraphicdisplaysthatforecasterscaninterpreteasilyandquickly.Asmeteorologistshavebegunusingthesenewtechnologiesinweatherforecastingoffices,nowcastingisbecomingareality.

26.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage

A.SevereThunderstormsandDamages.

B.WeatherForecastingandLife-threateningDamages.

C.ScienceAdvancesandNowcasts.

D.AvailableDataandNowcasts.

27.Nowcastsare

A.localforecasts

B.short-rangeforecasts

C.medium-rangeforecasts

D.long-rangeforecasts

28.Nowcastsusedtobeimpracticablebecause

A.therewerenoconventionalcomputers

B.thecostoftheequippingandoperatingwasskyhigh

C.therewerenodifficultiesindataprocessing

D.therewerenotenoughmeteorologists

29.ThingshavebeenchangedbythefollowingEXCEPT

A.theuseofradarsystemsandautomatedinstruments

B.theuseofcommunicationsatellitesandmoderncomputers

C.thejointworkofmeteorologistsandcomputerscientists

D.weatherinformationvolumeislargeenoughtocompileandanalyze

30.ThedreamofNowcastswillcometruewhen

A.thecostislowered

B.peopleneedittoreducedamages

C.meteorologistscanmakefulluseofthenewtechnologies

D.conventionalweatherforecastsaregotridof

Backinthe1870s,CharlesDaiwin'scousinFrancisGaltonwantedtodefinethefaceofacriminal.Heassembledasetofsamplesbyliningthemuponasinglephotographicplate.Thesurpriseisthateverybodylikedthevillain（反面人物）,includingGaltonhimself.Hereasonedthatthevillainousirregularitieshesupposedbelongedtocriminalfaceshaddisappearedintheaveragingprocess.Inthenextcentury,scientistsbegantoshowreliablythatfacescombinedigitallyoncomputerswerelikable------morethantheindividual'facesfromwhichtheywerecomposed.AlthoughpeopleclearlyadmirethelonglegsofBrazilianmodelAnaHickmannorDollyParton'sbreasts,ingeneralhumanslikeaverages.

Lastweekresearchersconfirmedthathumansjudgerealfacesbytheirdifferencesorsimilaritiesfromanorm.Buttheyalsofoundthatthenormcanchangequickly.Whenresearchersshowed164people,asetof100computergeneratedfacesrepresentingaslowtransitionfrommaletofemale--andfromJapanesetoSpanish--itturnedoutthatthetestsubjects'ideaofwhatconstitutedan"average"faceshifteddependingonthefirstfacetheysaw.Whentheywereflashedasuper-masculineface,'first,morefacesonthespectrumimpressedthem,bycontrast,asfemale.Themasculinefaceshad,ineffect,setastandard.Fromthenon,otherfaceshadtobemoremasculineinordertorateasbelongingtothegender.Thestudynotedasimilarshiftusingascaleoffacesmovingfromsurprisetodisgust.

Theauthorsofthestudy,whopublishedtheirresults,lastweekinthejournalNature,concludethatinreallifewealsoquicklychangeourperceptionofthemidpoint--what'snormal--dependingonwhatwesee.Wemaynotbeawarethatourjudgme