专项练习非谓语动词.docx
《专项练习非谓语动词.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《专项练习非谓语动词.docx(11页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
专项练习非谓语动词
非谓语动词与独立主格结构
非谓语动词
1.概念:
是动词的非谓语形式,在句中不可单独作谓语,且不受主语人称和数的限制。
一个完整的句子一般只有一个谓语动词,却可以有一个或多个非谓语动词,譬如:
Afterwaitingsometimeatthebus-stop,aforeignerwearingablueshirtwentacrossthestreettobuyanewspaper.谓语动词只起动词的作用,非谓语动词却同时起两种作用,如,waiting:
v+n;wearing:
v+adj;tobuy:
v+adv.谓语动词必须有主语,非谓语动词可以没有主语,如,Swimmingisagoodsport./It’sgoodtowork.。
2.类别:
不定式,-ing分词,-ed分词
一、不定式
1.不定式做主语
1)位于句首
Toknowthebasicrulesisveryimportant.
Toknoweverythingistoknownothing.
2)由It作形式主语,系动词be或其他动词连接
ItisagreatpleasuretointroduceMr.Hutoyou.
Itisimportantforustotellthetruth.
Ittookusfivedaystofinishthetask.
Itmademehappytofindyouthere.
2.不定式做主语补语
1)主语和补语都是不定式,一个表条件,一个表结果。
Toseeistobelieve.
Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.
2)主语是以抽象名词,如:
aim,mistake,ambition,duty,idea,intention,plan,purpose,suggestion等为中心词的名词词组,或者是以what引导的名词性分句,后面的不定式说明名词的内容。
Mymistakeistohavewrittentheletter.
WhatIwouldsuggestistohanditintothepolice.
注意:
如果作主语的名词性分句中有“do”,作主语补足语的不定式中的to可以省略。
Allyoudidwasputthebookinawrongplace.
WhatIreallywanttodoisburntheoilallnight.
TheleastIcandoismakeaconclusionaboutwhatallhavereported.
Shecandoanythingbutdance.
3.不定式作宾语
1)只能带to的不定式作宾语的动词,如:
afford,agree,aim,apply,claim,decide,determine,pretend,promise,seek,manage,offer,swear,threaten,desire,choose….
2)动词+疑问词+不定式,这类动词有:
decide,learn,remember,findout,think,understand…疑问词有:
what,where,who,when,how,whether,which…
Idon’tknow——whattodo/wheretogo/whentostop/howtogetthere/whichonetotake.
3)当做宾语的不定式有自己的补语时,先用it代替,并将不定式放在补语后面。
Ithinkitimportanttotellhimthenews.
Iregarditagreathonortohelpothers.
4.不定式作宾补
1)动词+宾语+不定式
这类动词主要有:
(1)表感官的,如:
see,hear,feel,watch,notice,observe等,省去to.(注意:
变为被动态时,要加上to)
Ifeltsomeonecomebehindus.
(2)表使役的,如:
have,let,make,ask,allow,beg,drive,encourage,expect,urge,tell,permit….
(3)表心理状态的,如:
consider,believe,think,prove,know,feel,imagine,suppose….
Weconsiderhim(tobe)modest.
5.不定式作状语
1)表目的
Heusesatypewritertowriteletters.
Inordertomakeastudyofthekangaroo,hecametoAustralia.
Toconcealmyemotion,Iburiedmyfaceinmyhands.
2)表结果
So…asto…,/such…asto…./,enoughto…./,onlyto…./.too…to等结构中的不定式表结果。
Thehouseissohighandnarrowastoresembleatower.
Hisindifferenceissuchastomakeonedespair.
Heliftedarockonlytodropitonhisownfeet.
Theteaistoohottodrink.
3)表原因
Hepretendedtobehappytoknowher.
Sheseemedsurprisedtomeetus.
4)表条件
Tolistentohim,youshouldhavepatience.
Tovisithim,youshouldfirstcallhim.
6.不定式作定语
位于被修饰的名词中心词后,有主谓关系/动宾关系/同位关系
Mr.Whiteisthefirsttocome.
ThenextstudenttosignhisnamewasGeorge.
Thisisthehouseforustolivein.
Theoldmanneedsapersontotalkwith.
Thegeneralgiveanordertoretreat.
二、-ing分词
-ing分词包括动名词和现在分词,动名词=动词+名词,现在分词=动词+形容词,现在分词与所修饰的名词有主谓或动宾关系,表示动作是由名词发出来的,重音通常在名词上;动名词则没有这种关系,表示被修饰的名词的性质,性能,重音在动名词上,如:
asleepingbaby(=ababythatissleeping),asleepingcar(=acarthatisusedforsleeping);workingpeople,workingclothes
1.作主语
1)把分词直接放在句首
Seeingisbelieving.
Travellingabroadisveryexciting.
2)it做形式主语,真正的动名词主语结构放在后面
Itisnogoodcomplainingallthetime.
Itisnousecryingoversplitmilk.
Itisawasteoftimediscussingsuchmatters.
2.作表语
Themainthingisgettingthereintime.
Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.
Thestoryisveryinteresting.
3.作定语
Asingingbird,readingmaterial,teachingmethods…..
Heaskedanembarrassingquestion.
4.作宾语
1)做动宾
这类动词有:
admit,advise,allow,finish,appreciate,consider,delay,deny,defer,facilitate,evade,excuse,enjoy,escape,postpone,risk,dislike,imagine,resist,acknowledge,favour,suggest….
2)做介宾
这类动词主要有:
giveup,putoff,keepon,objectto,beinterestedin,haveexperiencein,beafraidof等
Hehasastrongobjectiontoleavingearly.
5.作状语
-ing分词可作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、方式状语、结果状语、伴随状语等,逻辑主语与主句主语保持一致。
Openingthedoor,Isawnobodyin.
KnowingEnglishwell,hecanreadShakespear.
Workingstillharder,youwillsucceed.
BeingsickIstayedathome.
Thechildfell,strikinghisheadagainstthedoorandcuttingit.
Hesatinthearmchair,readingthenewspaper.
6.时态\被动语态及及否定式
1)完成时态:
having+-ed
Allendeniedhavingbeenthere.
2)被动态:
being+-ed/havingbeen+-ed
Respectingothersmeansbeingrespected.
Afterhavingbeeninterviewed,shewasofferedthejob.
3)否定式:
not+v/having+-ed/being+-ed/havingbeen+-ed
NotseeingJohn,Iaskedwherehewas.
Notbeingseenbyanyone,heescaped.
Nothavingdoneitright,Itriedagain.
7.动名词的复合结构
名词所有格或物主代词+动名词构成复合结构,他们是动名词的逻辑主语,在句中作主语或宾语。
It’snouseyourtryingtodeceiveme.
Sophia’shavingseenthemdidnotsurpriseus.
Excusemyinterruptingyou.
TheydeferredMr.Jackson’sattendingtheinternationalconference.
8.需要补充的几点
1)在need,want,require,deserve后,通常用-ing分词的主动形式表被动,也可用不定式的被动形式。
Thedeskneedscleaning.
2)在remember,forget,regret后用-ing和to的不同。
前者指先于谓语动词的动作,后者指后于谓语动词的动作。
Irememberpostingtheletter.
Irememberedtoposttheletter.
3)在try,cannothelp,mean,stop(leaveoff),goon后用-ing与to涵义的不同。
Trytodo(尽力做),trydoing(试着做)
Meantodo(打算做),meandoing(意味着)
Stoptodo(停下来做别的),stopdoing(停止做)
Goontodo(干别的),goondoing(继续做)
Can’thelpdoing(禁不住去做),can’thelptodo(不能帮助干)
三、-ed分词
1.作主语和宾语
The+-ed分词表示这一类或具有这种状态的人或物,如:
thedisabled,theaccused,theoppressed,thewounded,theinexperienced….
Thewoundedisathief.
Theyhavesettheaccusedfree.
2.作表语(或主语补足语)
用语主系表结构,表主语所处的状态
Thedooris(remains)locked.
Istayedcalmed.
Iamconvincedofhisinnocence.
3.作定语
1)既可以前置,也可后置,前置表完成,后置表被动。
Theinjuredsoldierwascarriedtohospital.
Themethodusedisveryefficient.
Thisisausedbike.
Theinformationgivenbyyouisveryimportant.
Theworkmustbedonewithinthegiventime.
2)不可用very来修饰-ed分词,但可以用verymuch,greatly,well,completely等强调副词来修饰。
It’sawell/halffinishedjob.
Thewindowiscompletelyclosed.
4.作状语
与-ing分词一样,相当于状语分句,表时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随等,逻辑主语通常是主句的主语。
Heated,waterchangesintosteam.(时间)
United,westand;divided,wefall.(条件)
Mockedatbyeverybody,hehadmysympathy.(让步)
5.–ed分词与-ing分词及不定式在复合宾语中,作宾语补足语的比较
不定式表动作的全过程,-ing分词表动作的进行或重复,-ed分词表被动,这一类动词通常有感官动词,如:
see,feel,hear,watchthink,observe等,以及使役动词,如:
make,have,get等。
Isawhimgoupstairs.
Isawhimgoingupstairs.
Wesawthesunrise.
Wesawthesunrisingbehindthetrees.
Shesawthethiefcaughtbypoliceman.
Imusthavemyhaircut.
Hewastryinghardtomakehimselfunderstood.
注意:
“have+宾语+现在分词”结构中的“宾语”与“现在分词”之间为主谓关系,而“have+宾语+过去分词”结构中的“宾语”与“过去分词”之间为被动关系。
Ihadmywatchstolenyesterday.我的表昨天被人偷去了。
Ihavethecarwaiting.我让汽车等着。
Hehaduslaughingallthroughthemeal.他弄得我们整个吃饭时间都欢笑不止。
来看两个题:
MrsBrownwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhad_________wentwrongagain.
A.itB.itrepairedC.repairedD.toberepaired
MrsBrownwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehad_________wentwrongagain.
A.itB.itrepairedC.repairedD.toberepaired
独立主格结构
其基本结构是:
逻辑主语+-ing分词/-ed分词表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随等+主句结构。
与分词作状语的最大区别就是保留分词的逻辑主语,逻辑主语既可以是分词动作的执行者,也可以是承受者。
Weatherpermitting,weshallgooutsideattheweekend.(条件)
Thepriceofthehatisnothigh,consideringitsquality.(条件)
Allthingsconsidered,thenovelisthebestofitskind.(让步)
Thefootballmatchbeingover,theplayersshookhandswitheachother.(时间)
Thetableset,theybegantoeat.(时间)
Hermotherhavingfallenill,thegirlhadtodothehousework.(原因)
Withnightcomingon,wecamehome.(伴随)
Therearemanykindsofsteel,eachhavingitsuseinindustry.(伴随)
补充说明
1.按英语习惯,一些表示时间、地点、条件、方式、让步等的状语从句,若其主语与主句主语一致,且从句谓语包含动词be,那么可将从句的主语和动词be省略。
Heisamanoffewwords,andseldomspeaksuntil_________to.
A.spokenB.speakingC.speakD.bespoken
Youmuststudyhardwhile(youare)young,oryouwillregretwhen(youare)old.趁年轻时要努力学习,不然到老了你会后悔的。
Iwon'tgounless(Iam)invited.我不会去,除非请我。
Lookoutforcarswhen(youare)crossingthestreets.过马路时要注意汽车。
While(Iwas)waitingIwasreadingsomeoldmagazines.等的时候我在看一些旧杂志。
Heworkedveryhardthough(hewas)stillratherpoorinhealth.尽管身体还不好,但他仍努力工作。
Hewillworkhardwherever(heis)sentbytheParty.无论党把他派往哪里,他都会努力工作。
请再看两道试题:
(1)Ifcarefully_________,theexperimentwillbesuccessful.
A.doB.doesC.doneD.doing
(2)Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_________nothingcanbedonetochangeit.
A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun
2.容易看走眼的非谓语动词考题
如下例,是考查非谓语动词吗?
Iftheydon’tunderstanditthefirsttime,_________overitagainuntiltheydo.
A.goingB.togoC.goneD.go
【分析】此题正确答案选D,其余几项均有可能被误选。
空格前if引导的是一个条件状语从句,而在空格处无论是填A、B或C,它都是一个非谓语动词短语,而不是一个句子,这样一来,整个句子没有主句,从而导致结构不完整。
若选D,则gooveritagainuntiltheydo则是一个句子(祈使句),在此用作主语。
又如:
(1)Ifhelikestoeatit,_________himsomemore.
A.giveB.givingC.givenD.togive
(2)Ifanyonecalls,_________themI’mnotathome.
A.tellB.tellingC.toldD.totell
(3)Whenyourmothercomesback,_________hertocometoschoolatonce.
A.askB.askingC.askedD.toask
(4)Whilethebabyissleeping,_________yourworkassoonaspossible.
A.finishB.finishingC.finishedD.tofinish
答案均选A,空格前分别为if,when,while引导的状语从句,空格处填动词原形,构成祈使句,用作句子主语。
3.根据一致做判断
Findinghercarstolen,_________.
A.apolicemanwasaskedtohelp
B.theareawassearchedthoroughly
C.itwaslookedforeverywhere
D.shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp
【分析】此题最佳答案选D,因为句首用作状语的现在分词短语findinghercarstolen的逻辑主语应是“她”,而不是apoliceman,thearea,it等,按照英语语法,在通常情况下,非谓语动词用作状语时,它的逻辑主语应与句子主语保持一致,所以最佳答案为D。
请再看几例:
(1)Tomasteraforeignlanguage,_________.
A.theschoolneedsaforeignteacher
B.agoodteacheris