高中定语从句十大考点总结.docx
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高中定语从句十大考点总结
定语从句的十大考点
修饰名词或者代词的从句叫做定语从句。
被修饰的名词或者代词叫先行词;定语从句的引导词叫关系词(关系代词&关系副词);定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句(前有逗号隔开)
引导定语从句的关系代词有:
thatwhichwhowhomwhoseas
关系副词有:
whenwherewhy
定语从句的十大考点
1.that与which在指代物时的用法区别
that和which都可以引导先行词为物的定语从句,但是用法有区别:
(1)只能用that的情况
a.先行词为,,,等不定代词时;
b.先行词被all,every,no,any,some,little,much,one修饰时;
c.先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时;
d.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时;
e.先行词是be的表语或therebe的主语时;
f.先行词有人又有物时;
g.当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。
(2)只能用which的两种情况
a.非限定性定语从句中
b.关系代词前面有介词时Galileobuiltatelescopethroughwhichhecould
studytheskies.
2.which与as的区别
1/8
as和which都可以引导非限制性定语从句,三种情况下只能用as,不能用which
a.as置于句首引导定语从句时(Asweknow,…)
b.as含有“正如”之意(…asweexpected)
c.先行词前有such,thesame修饰时(…suchaneasyquestionasthelittleboy
cananswer.)Asisoftenthecase等。
3.who、whom、that的区别
a.先行词为指人的不定代词时,如those或people时,常用关系代词who,不用that
b.介词之后用关系代词whom引导定语从句
c.当先行词是一个限定性的表示人的特定名词时,不用that.
如:
Theauntwhocametoseeuslastweekismyfarther'syoungersister.
4.whose用法
“whose”表示谁(可以为人也可以为物)的(东西)
例:
Achildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.(“whoseparents”表示那个孩子的双亲)
Helivesinaroomwhosewindowfacessouth.(“whose”表示那个房子的窗户)
whose表所属关系指物时,可与ofwhich转换,词序一般是:
名词+ofwhich
Lookatthebuilding,theroofofwhich(=whoseroof)iswhite.
5.介词+关系代词引导定语从句的用法
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a.介词之后的关系代词只能用which(先行词为物)或者是whom(先行词为人)
b.介词的选择方法有三个原则:
一“先”二“动”三“意义”
Ilostmypen,withwhichItooknotes.(先行词为pen,使用钢笔用with)
Thisisthehouseinwhichhelives.(定语从句中谓语动词live为不及物动词)
Thegasisoxygenwithoutwhichwecan'tlive.(根据句意决定)
6.先行词为way时
先行词为way,在定语从句中作状语时,用that,inwhich引导定语从句,也可以省略关系词。
e.g.Idon'tliketheway(that/inwhich)hespeakstohisparents.
7.关系副词when、where、when引导定语从句的具体用法
①先行词表示时间、地点、原因时,在定语从句中作状语,选择相应的关系副词when、where、why引导定语从句。
若其在定语从句中作主语或宾语,则选择关系代词引导定语从句。
区别三组例句:
a.Thisistheplacewherehelives.
a.Thisistheplacethat/whichhevisitedlastyear.
b.Istillrememberthetimewhenmybrotherwasalittleboy.
b.Istillrememberthetimethat/whichwespenttogether.
c.Thisisthereasonwhyhewaslate.
c.Thisisthereasonthat/whichhegaveus.
②某些非地点时间名词用定语从句修饰,关系词在从句中作状语,由where引导定语从句(stage,case,point,situation,position);同样用法的还有occasion,由when引导定语从句。
3/8
e.g.Icanthinkofmanycaseswherestudentsknowalotofwordsbutdon't
writeagoodessay.
Therearemanyoccasionswhenpeopledon'tknowwhattheywant.
8.定语从句中的谓语动词
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句中的谓语动词应该与先行词保持一致。
e.g.Anyonewhowantstohaveaholidayputsupyourhand.
Thosewhowanttohaveaholidayputupyourhand.
Thisisoneofthestudentswhohavepassedtheexam.
Thisistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohaspassedtheexam.
9.区分定语从句和其他句型
①区别于简单句和并列句
Thereare70studentsinourclass,mostofwhomareboys.(定语从句)
Thereare70studentsinourclass,andmostofthemareboys.(并列句)
Thereare70studentsinourclass.Mostofthemareboys.(简单句)
②区别于强调句型
Itisinthefactorythatheworks.(强调句型)
Itisthefactorywhereheworks.(定语从句)
③区别于同位语从句
Thenewsthatshehadpassedtheexamexcitedus.(同位语从句:
对名词解释说明)
Thenewsthathetoldusexcitedus.(定语从句:
对名词修饰限定)
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④区别于状语从句
Doyouknowthetimewhentheclassisover?
(定语从句,有先行词)
Let'splaygameswhentheclassisover.(时间状语从句,无先行词)
Putthebookwhereitbelongs.(地点状语从句,无先行词)
10.定语从句中关系词的省略
定语从句中,作宾语的关系代词可以省略,介词之后的关系代词不可省略。
Thisisthehousewhichhelivesin.(√)
Thisisthehousehelivesin.(√)
Thisisthehouseinwhichhelives.(√)
Thisisthehouseinhelives.(×)
练习题:
I.用相应的关系代词或关系副词填空。
1.He_______makeshimselfasheepshallbeeatenbythewolf.
2.Iknowthereason_________hewasangery.
3.Youcantakeanything______youlike.
4.Ourhometownisnolongertheone______itusedtobe.
5.Heisaman______weshouldlearnfrom.
7.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn'tasinglepersonto_______shecouldturnfor
help.
8.Hecametheday_________Iwasout.
9.Iliveintheroom_________heusedtolive.
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10.Haveyouaskedhimthereason_________mayexplainhissuccess?
11.Anecosystemconsistsofthelivingandnonlivingthingsinanarea
______interactwithoneanother.
13.________isoftenthecasewithchildren,Amywasbetterbythetimethe
doctorarrived.
15.Hewrotealetter________heexplainedwhathadhappenedintheaccident.
II.用定语从句翻译下面的句子。
1.我的故乡已不再是过去的那个面貌了。
___________________________________________________________________
2.你知道刚才和我们打招呼的人是谁吗?
__________________________________________________________________
3.他是第一个给我们提出有用建议的人。
_________________________________________________________________
4.正如我们大家所知,一切能做的事情都做了。
_______________________________________________________________
5.这是自____年以来出版的最精彩的小说
一。
____年
1.Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskillupon______school
educationdepends.
A.itB.thatC.whoseD.which【安徽】
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2.ChinaTodayattractsaworldwidereadership,_______showsthatmoreand
morepeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnaboutChina.
A.whoB.whomC.thatD.which【福建】
3.Thenumberofsmokers,_____isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjust
oneyear.
A.itB.whichC.whatD.as【江苏】
4.Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily,Alexisalwayslongingforthetime_____he
shouldbeabletobeindependent.
A.whichB.whereC.whomD.when【陕西】
A.whereB.whichC.whenD.who【天津】
6.Hewrotemanychildren'sbooks,nearlyhalfof____werepublishedinthe
1990s.
A.whomB.whichC.themD.that【重庆】
7.Thebooksonthedesk,______coversareshiny,areprizesforus.
A.whichB.whatC.whoseD.that【四川】
8.OppositeisSt.Paul'sChurch,_____youcanhearsomelovelymusic.
A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where【北京】
9.Creatinganatmosphere__employeesfeelpartofateamisabigchallenge.
A.asB.whoseC.inwhichD.atwhich【浙江】
10.Itisatrulydelightfulplace,________looksthesameasitmusthavedone
100yearsagowithitswindingstreetsandprettycottages.
A.asB.whereC.thatD.which【湖南】
II.下面句子中有一处错误请改正。
7/8
Hereissobigastonethatnoonecanlift.
Somepre-schoolchildrengotoadaycarecenter,theretheylearnsimplegames
andsongs.
TheplacewhereinterestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.
ThatisthedaywhenIwillneverforget.
Smoking,thatisabadhabit,ishowever,popular.
Myneighbourusedtogivemeahandintimeoftrouble,itwasverykindof
them.
IcanrememberthedaythatIlivewithmyparents.
Idon'tbelievethereasonthathehewaslateforschool.
Thebikeanditsriderwhohadrunoveranoldwomanwereheldupbythe
police.
Edisonbuildupafactorywhereproducedthingthathadneverbeenseen
before.
8/8