高中定语从句十大考点总结.docx

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高中定语从句十大考点总结

定语从句的十大考点

修饰名词或者代词的从句叫做定语从句。

被修饰的名词或者代词叫先行词;定语从句的引导词叫关系词(关系代词&关系副词);定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句(前有逗号隔开)

引导定语从句的关系代词有:

thatwhichwhowhomwhoseas

关系副词有:

whenwherewhy

定语从句的十大考点

1.that与which在指代物时的用法区别

that和which都可以引导先行词为物的定语从句,但是用法有区别:

(1)只能用that的情况

a.先行词为,,,等不定代词时;

b.先行词被all,every,no,any,some,little,much,one修饰时;

c.先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时;

d.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时;

e.先行词是be的表语或therebe的主语时;

f.先行词有人又有物时;

g.当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。

(2)只能用which的两种情况

a.非限定性定语从句中

b.关系代词前面有介词时Galileobuiltatelescopethroughwhichhecould

studytheskies.

2.which与as的区别

1/8

as和which都可以引导非限制性定语从句,三种情况下只能用as,不能用which

a.as置于句首引导定语从句时(Asweknow,…)

b.as含有“正如”之意(…asweexpected)

c.先行词前有such,thesame修饰时(…suchaneasyquestionasthelittleboy

cananswer.)Asisoftenthecase等。

3.who、whom、that的区别

a.先行词为指人的不定代词时,如those或people时,常用关系代词who,不用that

b.介词之后用关系代词whom引导定语从句

c.当先行词是一个限定性的表示人的特定名词时,不用that.

如:

Theauntwhocametoseeuslastweekismyfarther'syoungersister.

4.whose用法

“whose”表示谁(可以为人也可以为物)的(东西)

例:

Achildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.(“whoseparents”表示那个孩子的双亲)

Helivesinaroomwhosewindowfacessouth.(“whose”表示那个房子的窗户)

whose表所属关系指物时,可与ofwhich转换,词序一般是:

名词+ofwhich

Lookatthebuilding,theroofofwhich(=whoseroof)iswhite.

5.介词+关系代词引导定语从句的用法

2/8

a.介词之后的关系代词只能用which(先行词为物)或者是whom(先行词为人)

b.介词的选择方法有三个原则:

一“先”二“动”三“意义”

Ilostmypen,withwhichItooknotes.(先行词为pen,使用钢笔用with)

Thisisthehouseinwhichhelives.(定语从句中谓语动词live为不及物动词)

Thegasisoxygenwithoutwhichwecan'tlive.(根据句意决定)

6.先行词为way时

先行词为way,在定语从句中作状语时,用that,inwhich引导定语从句,也可以省略关系词。

e.g.Idon'tliketheway(that/inwhich)hespeakstohisparents.

7.关系副词when、where、when引导定语从句的具体用法

①先行词表示时间、地点、原因时,在定语从句中作状语,选择相应的关系副词when、where、why引导定语从句。

若其在定语从句中作主语或宾语,则选择关系代词引导定语从句。

区别三组例句:

a.Thisistheplacewherehelives.

a.Thisistheplacethat/whichhevisitedlastyear.

b.Istillrememberthetimewhenmybrotherwasalittleboy.

b.Istillrememberthetimethat/whichwespenttogether.

c.Thisisthereasonwhyhewaslate.

c.Thisisthereasonthat/whichhegaveus.

②某些非地点时间名词用定语从句修饰,关系词在从句中作状语,由where引导定语从句(stage,case,point,situation,position);同样用法的还有occasion,由when引导定语从句。

3/8

e.g.Icanthinkofmanycaseswherestudentsknowalotofwordsbutdon't

writeagoodessay.

Therearemanyoccasionswhenpeopledon'tknowwhattheywant.

8.定语从句中的谓语动词

关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句中的谓语动词应该与先行词保持一致。

e.g.Anyonewhowantstohaveaholidayputsupyourhand.

Thosewhowanttohaveaholidayputupyourhand.

Thisisoneofthestudentswhohavepassedtheexam.

Thisistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohaspassedtheexam.

9.区分定语从句和其他句型

①区别于简单句和并列句

Thereare70studentsinourclass,mostofwhomareboys.(定语从句)

Thereare70studentsinourclass,andmostofthemareboys.(并列句)

Thereare70studentsinourclass.Mostofthemareboys.(简单句)

②区别于强调句型

Itisinthefactorythatheworks.(强调句型)

Itisthefactorywhereheworks.(定语从句)

③区别于同位语从句

Thenewsthatshehadpassedtheexamexcitedus.(同位语从句:

对名词解释说明)

Thenewsthathetoldusexcitedus.(定语从句:

对名词修饰限定)

4/8

④区别于状语从句

Doyouknowthetimewhentheclassisover?

(定语从句,有先行词)

Let'splaygameswhentheclassisover.(时间状语从句,无先行词)

Putthebookwhereitbelongs.(地点状语从句,无先行词)

10.定语从句中关系词的省略

定语从句中,作宾语的关系代词可以省略,介词之后的关系代词不可省略。

Thisisthehousewhichhelivesin.(√)

Thisisthehousehelivesin.(√)

Thisisthehouseinwhichhelives.(√)

Thisisthehouseinhelives.(×)

练习题:

I.用相应的关系代词或关系副词填空。

1.He_______makeshimselfasheepshallbeeatenbythewolf.

2.Iknowthereason_________hewasangery.

3.Youcantakeanything______youlike.

4.Ourhometownisnolongertheone______itusedtobe.

5.Heisaman______weshouldlearnfrom.

7.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn'tasinglepersonto_______shecouldturnfor

help.

8.Hecametheday_________Iwasout.

9.Iliveintheroom_________heusedtolive.

5/8

10.Haveyouaskedhimthereason_________mayexplainhissuccess?

11.Anecosystemconsistsofthelivingandnonlivingthingsinanarea

______interactwithoneanother.

13.________isoftenthecasewithchildren,Amywasbetterbythetimethe

doctorarrived.

15.Hewrotealetter________heexplainedwhathadhappenedintheaccident.

II.用定语从句翻译下面的句子。

1.我的故乡已不再是过去的那个面貌了。

___________________________________________________________________

2.你知道刚才和我们打招呼的人是谁吗?

__________________________________________________________________

3.他是第一个给我们提出有用建议的人。

_________________________________________________________________

4.正如我们大家所知,一切能做的事情都做了。

_______________________________________________________________

5.这是自____年以来出版的最精彩的小说

一。

____年

1.Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskillupon______school

educationdepends.

A.itB.thatC.whoseD.which【安徽】

6/8

2.ChinaTodayattractsaworldwidereadership,_______showsthatmoreand

morepeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnaboutChina.

A.whoB.whomC.thatD.which【福建】

3.Thenumberofsmokers,_____isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjust

oneyear.

A.itB.whichC.whatD.as【江苏】

4.Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily,Alexisalwayslongingforthetime_____he

shouldbeabletobeindependent.

A.whichB.whereC.whomD.when【陕西】

A.whereB.whichC.whenD.who【天津】

6.Hewrotemanychildren'sbooks,nearlyhalfof____werepublishedinthe

1990s.

A.whomB.whichC.themD.that【重庆】

7.Thebooksonthedesk,______coversareshiny,areprizesforus.

A.whichB.whatC.whoseD.that【四川】

8.OppositeisSt.Paul'sChurch,_____youcanhearsomelovelymusic.

A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where【北京】

9.Creatinganatmosphere__employeesfeelpartofateamisabigchallenge.

A.asB.whoseC.inwhichD.atwhich【浙江】

10.Itisatrulydelightfulplace,________looksthesameasitmusthavedone

100yearsagowithitswindingstreetsandprettycottages.

A.asB.whereC.thatD.which【湖南】

II.下面句子中有一处错误请改正。

7/8

Hereissobigastonethatnoonecanlift.

Somepre-schoolchildrengotoadaycarecenter,theretheylearnsimplegames

andsongs.

TheplacewhereinterestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.

ThatisthedaywhenIwillneverforget.

Smoking,thatisabadhabit,ishowever,popular.

Myneighbourusedtogivemeahandintimeoftrouble,itwasverykindof

them.

IcanrememberthedaythatIlivewithmyparents.

Idon'tbelievethereasonthathehewaslateforschool.

Thebikeanditsriderwhohadrunoveranoldwomanwereheldupbythe

police.

Edisonbuildupafactorywhereproducedthingthathadneverbeenseen

before.

8/8

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