21世纪第二册一课一练答案.docx

21世纪第二册一课一练答案.docx

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21世纪第二册一课一练答案

21世纪大学英语第二册Unit1

TextA：

WinstonChurchill—HisOtherLife

I.Text-relatedInformation

1.WinstonChurchill

Churchill,oneofthegreatestpeopleinBritishhistory,wasafamousstatesman,oratorandwriter.DuringWorldWarIIheshowedhisoutstandingleadership.Heheldvariouspostsinthegovernment,includingFirstLordoftheAdmiralty,ChancelloroftheExchequer,andPrimeMinister.Hewroteveryexcellentworks—TheWorldCrisis,TheSecondWorldWarandAHistoryoftheEnglish-Speakingpeoples.HewonNobelPrizeforLiteraturein1953.

2.theAdmiralty

TheAdmiralty,ortheAdmiraltyBoardwastheexecutivedepartmentoftheBritishMinistryofDefenceformerlyresponsiblefortheadministrationandplanningoftheBritishRoyalNavy.

3.WorldWarI

Thewar,whichlastedfrom1914to1918,wasfoughtmainlyinEuropeandtheMiddleEast,inwhichtheAllies---principallyFrance,Russia,Britain,Italyafter1915,andtheUSafter1917---defeatedtheCentralPowers---principallyGermany,Austria-Hungary,andTurkey.Millionsdiedinstatictrenchwarfare.AftertheOctoberRevolutionin1917,theBolsheviksendedRussianparticipationinthewaronDec.15,1917.TheexhaustedCentralPowersagreedtosignanarmisticeonNov.11,1918andquicklygaveintointernalrevolution,beforebeingforcedtosignthetreatyofVersaillesonJune18,1919andothertreaties.

4.WorldWarII

Thewarlastedfrom1939to1945,inwhichtheAllies---BritainandFrance---declaredwaronGermanyonSept.3,1939asaresultoftheGermaninvasionofPolandonSept.1,1939.ItalyenteredthewaronthesideofGermanyandformedtheAxisonJune10,1940shortlybeforethecollapseofFranceandthesigningo9fthearmisticeonJune22,1940.OnJune22,1941theAxispowersattackedtheformerSovietUnion,andonDec.7,1941theJapaneseattackedtheUsatPearlHarbor.ItalysurrenderedonSept.8,1943,andthewarinEuropeendedonMay7,1945withtheunconditionalsurrenderoftheGermans.TheJapanesecapitulatedonAug.14,1945shortlyafterthedroppingofatombombsbytheAmericansonHiroshimaandNagasaki.

II.NewWordsandKeyPhrases

1.campaign---n.1）aseriesofplannedmilitaryactions

eg.TheGermansweredefeatedinthecampaigninNorthAfrica.

Thedesertcampaignwaswononlywithtanksandarmouredvehicles.

2）aplannedseriesofactivities,esp.inpoliticsandbusiness

eg.Theelectioncampaignwasalreadyinfullwing.

2.disaster---n.suddengreatmisfortune

eg.Thelossof100livesintheaircraftcrashwasagreatdisaster.

Theelectionresultwillbringpoliticaldisaster.

3.retreat---n.aplaceintowhichonecangoforpeaceandsafety

eg.Hehasgonetoaretreattopray.

v.movebackorleaveacenteroffightingorotheractivity

eg.Theenemyretreatedafterheavylosses.

Afteraweek’sworkIliketoretreattothecountrytorelax.

4.rescue---v.orn.helpsb.outofadangerousorunpleasantsituation

eg.Thefiremanrescuedthreechildrenfromtheburninghouse.

Thegovernmenthasrescuedthefirmfrombankruptcybygivingthem

grant.

Arescueteamaretryingtoreachthetrappedminers.

5.magic---n.artofcontrollingeventsbythepretendeduseofsupernaturalforces

eg.Themagicianthrilledtheaudiencewithhisfeatsofmagic.

Thefairy’smagicchangedthebrothersintoswans.

Themagicofhersmilemadehimfallinlovewithheratfirstsight.

6.infinite---adj.extremelygreatindegreeoramount;withoutlimitsorend

eg.Learningtofishrequiresinfinitepatience.

Man’sdesireforfameandwealthisinfinite.

7.plunge---v.rushsuddenlyanddeeplyintosth.

eg.Thesoldierplungedintothewatertosavetheoldwoman.

Thecompanyplungeddeeperintodebt.

Thewholecountrywasthenplungedintotheeconomiccrisis.

8.overcome---v.takecontrolandinfluenceone’sbehavior

eg.Shewasovercomebyfear.

Wewereallovercomewithdespairfacingsuchaterriblesituation.

9.amateur---n.oradj.notprofessional

eg.Heisjustanamateurinacting.

Sheisgettinganotheramateurcompanytoplayherplays.

Yourperformanceistooamateur.

10.awaken---v.1）causetobecomeconsciousof

eg.Wemustawakenthepeopletothedangersfacingourcountry.

Duringthe1930sChurchilltriedtoawakentheBritishpeopletothe

needforrearmament.

2）causetowakeup

Aterribleknockingonthedoorawakenedher.

Theoldmanwasawakenedbythesingingofbirdsinthetrees.

11.paytheprice---experiencesth.unpleasantbecauseonehasdonesth.wrong,madea

mistakeetc.

eg.Inthelongrunweallhavetopaythepriceofourfollies.

12.chanceupon---meetorfindbychance

eg.Onourvacationwechanceduponaninterestingantiquestore.

13.plungeinto---begintodosth.suddenly;enterwithhesitation

eg.Thethiefplungedintothecrowdanddisappearedfromsight.

14.takerefuge---seekprotectionfromdangerorunhappiness

eg.Heoftentakesrefugefromunpleasantrealitybydrinking.

15.fallfromoffice---loseapositionofauthorityorleaveoffice

eg.ThecountrywasindifficulttimewhenthePresidentfellfromoffice.

16.awakento---causetobecomeconsciousof

eg.Wemustawakenourselvestothenewchallengesofthepresentworld.

17.keepsb.company---staywithsb.sothatsheorheisnotalone

eg.Istayherejusttokeepyoucompany,orImighthavegonelongago.

III.LanguagePoints

1.Myfather…beganhisloveaffairwithpaintinginhis40s,amiddisastrouscircumstances.---Myfather…developedagreatlikingforpaintingwhenhewasoverfortyyearsold,atimewhenthingswereextremelyunfavorableforhim.

loveaffair---romancebetweentwopeoplewholoveeachotherbutwhoarenotmarriedtoeachother;greatenthusiasmorliking（forsth.）

Examples:

Thegirl’sloveaffairwiththeoldmanworriesherparents.

Shestartedherloveaffairwithballetwhenshewasonlyeight.

Amid---prep.（whensth.happensorexistsamidalotofotherthings,ithappensorexists）

atthesametimeof;among

Examples:

Thegovernmentcollapsedamidbudgetquarrels.

Thedebatetookplaceamidamoodofgrowingpoliticaltension.

Amidallthebushesstoodalonelytree.

2.…thatcouldhaveshortenedthecourseofabloodyworldwar.---…which,ifvictorious,

couldhavebroughtaquickendtothecruelWorldWarI.

SomepeopleintheAllieshadbelievedthattheDardanellescampaignwouldbevictoriousandwouldbringaquickendtoWorldWarI,but,unfortunately,thecampaignfailed.

3.Butwhenthemissionsfailed,…Churchillpaidtheprice,bothpubliclyandprivately.---

Butthecampaignwaslost,…andChurchillsufferedforitsloss,bothasagovernmentofficerandasanordinaryperson.

mission---n.animportantjobsb.iswenttodoinanotherplace,esp.foramilitaryorpoliticalpurpose

Examples:

HewasimmediatelysenttoParis.Hismissionwastonegotiateacease-fire.

Hewasonadangerousmissionbehindtheenemylines.

price---n.whatmustbegiven,done,orundergonetoobtainorcompensateforsth.

Examples:

Wepaidaheavypriceforthevictory,forwelost10,000soldiers.

Thisisasmallpricetopayforindependence.

4.overwhelm---v.make（sb.）feelcompletelyhelpless,astonished,orembarrassed;

overpowerthethoughts,emotions,orsensesof（sb.）

Examples:

Hewasoverwhelmedbytheintensityofherlove.

Fearoverwhelmedme.

Attheageofforty,hewasoverwhelmedwithwork,illnessandfamilyproblems.

5.Themuseofpaintingcametomyrescue.---ThegoddessofpaintinghelpedmewhenI

wasindifficulty.

go/cometothe（orsb’s）rescue---helpsb.whentheyareindangerordifficulty

Examples:

Theywenttotherescueofthedrowningman.

Wewereabouttoclosedownthebusiness,butthebankcametoourrescue.

IwasembarrassedasIcouldn’trememberhisname;fortunatelyMarycametomyrescue.

6.tryone’shand（atdoingsth.）---tryanewactivitytotestone’sability;makean

inexperiencedattempt

Examples:

Aftershelostherjob,shethoughtshe’dtryherhandatwritinganovel.

Itriedmyhandatroller-skatinglastweekendandfounditwasmuchfun.

Hetriedhishandatrepairingthebicycle,butwithoutmuchsuccess.

7.themuseworkedhermagic---thegoddess（ofpainting）hadacharmingeffect;theart

ofpaintingfascinatedhim

8.Hecontemplatedtheblankwhitenessofhisfirstcanvaswithunaccustomednervousness

---Helookedthoughtfullyattheunmarkedwhitenewcanvasonwhichhewasgoingtopaintthefirsttimeinhislifewithanervousfeelingthatwasunusualforhim

contemplate---v.lookat（sth.）foralongtimeinaquietandverythoughtfulway;gazeat

Examples:

Shelaybackonthegrasstocontemplatethehigh,bluesky.

Theafternoonpassedbyashecontemplatedthewavesattheseashore.

9.…,andwithinfiniteprecautionmadeamark…onthesnow-whitefield---…andwith

utmostcare（I）touchedandleftaverysmallmarkonthesnow-whitesurfaceofthecanvas

field---n.surfaceonwhichsth.isdrawn;background

10.beforesb.knowsit---（informalEnglish,usedtosaythatsth.willhappenverysoon）very

quicklyandsuddenly

Examples:

We’dbettersetofforitwillbedarkbeforeweknowit.

IwastakenuptothetopfloorintheliftbeforeIknewit.

11.I…felluponmywretchedvictimwithwildfury.---I…begantopaintonmycanvas

withgreatforce.

Awretchedvictimisanunfortunatepersonwhosuffersasaresultofunpleasantactions

orcircumstances,suchasonekilledinawar.Churchillcomparedhiseffortsinlearning

paintingtoattacksinabattleandthoughtofthecanvasashiswretched