毕业设计 外文翻译.docx

毕业设计 外文翻译.docx

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毕业设计外文翻译

淮阴工学院

毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译

学院：

建筑工程学院

专业：

土木工程

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金波

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1121401112

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JCENTSOUTHUNIVT

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外文原文

J.Cent.SouthUniv.（2015）22:

2730−2738

DOI:

10.1007/s11771-015-2803-4

Progressivecollapseresistingcapacityofreinforcedconcreteloadbearingwallstructures

AlirezaRahai1,AlirezaShahin1,FarzadHatami2

1.DepartmentofCivilEngineering,AmirkabirUniversityofTechnology（TehranPolytechnic）No.424,

HafezAve.,P.O.Box.15875-4413,Tehran,Iran;

2.Structural&EarthquakeResearchCenter（SERC）,AmirkabirUniversityofTechnologyNo.424,

HafezAve.,P.O.Box.15875-4413,Tehran,Iran

©CentralSouthUniversityPressandSpringer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2015

Abstract:

Reinforcedconcrete（RC）loadbearingwalliswidelyusedinhigh-riseandmid-risebuildings.Duetothenumberofwallsinplanandreductioninlateralforceportion,thissystemisnotonlystrongeragainstearthquakes,butalsomoreeconomical.Theeffectofprogressivecollapsecausedbyremovalofloadbearingelements,invariouspositionsinplanandstoriesoftheRCloadbearingwallsystemwasevaluatedbynonlineardynamicandstaticanalyses.Forthispurpose,three-dimensionalmodelof10-storystructurewasselected.Theanalysisresultsindicatedstability,strengthandstiffnessoftheRCload-bearingwallsystemagainstprogressivecollapse.Itwasobservedthatthemostcriticalconditionforremovalofloadbearingwallswastheinstantaneousremovalofthesurroundingwallslocatedatthecornersofthebuildingwherethesectionsoftheloadbearingelementswerechanged.Inthiscase,themaximumverticaldisplacementwaslimitedto6.3mmandthestructurefailedafterapplyingtheloadof10timestheaxialloadboredbyremovedelements.Comparisonbetweentheresultsofthenonlineardynamicandstaticanalysesdemonstratedthatthe“loadfactor”parameterwasareasonablecriteriontoevaluatetheprogressivecollapsepotentialofthestructure.

Keywords:

reinforcedconcrete（RC）loadbearingwallstructure;progressivecollapse;fibersections;nonlinearanalysis;loadfactormethod

1Introduction

Thereinforcedconcrete（RC）loadbearingwallsystemisoneofthemostappropriatestructuralsystemsformid-risebuildings,whichresultsinthereductionofconstructionalmaterialinadditiontoimprovedstrengthagainstearthquakes.Indeed,duetothedirectconnectionofslabtowallanditslargeconnectionzone,transmissionofforcesincreasesandstressconcentrationatthejointswillbegreatlyreduced.Inaddition,intersectionofthewallsincreasesstructureindeterminacyandprovidesstabilityandgoodseismicperformance.

Progressivecollapsemayhappenduetoexplosion,fire,earthquake,vehiclecollision,errorsindesignandconstructionofbuildingswithanysystemtype.Thiscanbecausedbythefailureandinstabilityinasmallpartofthestructurewhichgraduallydevelopsasachainfunctionandeventuallyleadstothecollapseofanimportantpartofthestructure.Whenthemainloadbearingelementsinbuildingsaredestroyed,theattachedelementstothedamagedonelosetheirsupportandthe

forcewhichwasboredbythedamagedelementwillberedistributedwithinthestructure.Ifthestructurecouldnotreachanewstaticequilibriumcondition,theinitialcollapsewillleadtoinstabilityanddestructioninalargepart,andthesystemwillloseitsexpectedserviceandperformancelevel.Therefore,byprogressivecollapseanalysisofthestructures,criticalelementsandweaknessesofthesystemsagainstaccidentalloadscanbedetectedandbystrengtheningthemandmakingalternativeloadpaths,structuresstabilityandresidentssafetyareinsured;whilestandardsandregulationsforanalysisanddesignofstructuresagainstprogressivecollapsehavebeenprovidedbyprofessionalorganizationsaroundtheworld.GSA[1]andUFC[2]arethemostpopular.

Alargenumberofresearchershavestudiedtheprogressivecollapsephenomenainreinforcedconcretestructures.Theyinvestigatedthevalidityandapplicabilityofthevariousanalysismethodsforaccuratepredictionofprogressivecollapseindifferentstructuralsystems.Suddenloadbearingelementlossisacommonmethodwidelyusedtoevaluatetheprogressivecollapsepotentialofstructures[3].LUetal[4]investigatedthepotential

Receiveddate:

2014−08−22;Accepteddate:

2015−01−24

Correspondingauthor:

FarzadHatami,AssistantProfessor;Tel:

+98−2164545536;E-mail:

hatami@aut.ac.ir

J.Cent.SouthUniv.（2015）22:

2730−2738

2731

thepotentialofprogressivecollapseinRCmomentframestructuresusingpushdownanalysis.FollowingthesimultaneousremovaloftwoadjacentexteriorcolumnsinthefirststoryoftheHotelSanDiego,SASANI[5]evaluatedtheresponseofthesix-storyreinforcedconcreteinfilled-framestructure.KIMandJUNG[6]studiedthebehavioroftiltedbuildingstructuresandprovedtheirvulnerabilitytoprogressivecollapsecomparedtocommonstructures.Sometimes,progressivecollapseistriggeredbyconsecutiveremovalofseveralloadbearingelements.Soastoenablecommonmacromodelingprogramstomodelsuchscenarios,PACHENARIandKERAMATI[7]presentedamethodformodelingsuccessiveremovalofcolumnsusingaseriesofsubsequentanalyses.Theystatedthatthemethodcouldbeaprerequisiteofdefiningmorerealisticcollapsescenariosinrelevantguidelines.Bydouble-designingaframe-wallstructurewiththisassumptionthatithadhighorlowdesignoflateralloadsandbyremovinganexternalwallinthefirststory,BAOandKUNNATH[8]concludedthatfurtherdesignoflateralloadsleadstomoreprogressivecollapseresistanceandlessverticaldisplacementoftheupperjointoftheremovedwall.PACHENARIandKERAMATI[9]introducedrelevantbeam–slabcollapsemodesoftheimpactedstoryinthecasethatcolumnlossscenariocausesadjoiningpanelstofalldowninatwo-wayslabreinforcedconcretestructure.Theyconcludedthattheratioofbeamtoslabflexuralstrengthandexistingdeadandliveloadsonpanelsinthevicinityofimpactedpanelscouldchangethecollapsepatternandsubsequentlycontroltheprevailingcollapsemode.

However,noresearchhasbeenconductedyettoinvestigatetheprogressivecollapsepotentialofthree-dimensionalRCloadbearingwallstructures.Thus,inthisworkthebehavioroftheRCloadbearingwallsystemagainstprogressivecollapseisexaminedbyusingnonlineardynamicandstaticanalyses.

2Validation

Toensuretheaccuracyofmodelingbythefibersectionmethod,theanalysisresultsofthePERFORM3DmodelwerevalidatedbyaRCloadbearingwallspecimen（THOMSENandWALLACE[10]）.Thistest

wasperformedtoevaluatethebehaviorofslenderRCwallsundersimultaneousgravityandlateralloads.

2.1Detailsoftestspecimen

Thewallspecimeninvestigatedwas1/4scaledwithheightof3660mm.Figure1showsthecrosssectionofthewallandreinforcementdetails.Bytwohydraulicjacksthatwereinstalledonthetopofthewall,anaxialloadofapproximately0.07Agfc'wasapplieduniformlyandconstantlythroughouttheexperiment.Ahydraulicactuatorwhichwasmountedhorizontallyinthecornerofthehighestlevelofthewallwasusedtoapplylateralperiodicandincrementaldrift（Fig.2）.

Modelingandcomparisonofanalyticalandexperimentalresults

Duetothetwo-dimensionalanalysis,translations

androtationsnormaltothewallplainwerepreventedandallthewalljointswereconstrainedtothediaphragmforin-plaindisplacements.Wallsupportswereassumedtoberestrained.Nonlinearpropertiesofthewallweredefinedbyfibersectionsandassigningnonlinearmaterialstress-straincurvestothesefibers.Basiccalibratedparametersindefiningthematerialstress−straincurvearepresentedinTable1.RelationsproposedbyMANDERetal[11]wereusedindefiningthestress−straincurveofconcrete.Itshouldbenotedthatthestress−straincurveofconfinedconcretewasassignedtoconcretefibersofthewallboundaryandstress−straincurveofunconfinedconcretewasassignedtoconcretefibersofthewallweb.

Nonlinearstaticanalysis（Pushover）wasperformedintwosteps:

Step1）:

Theaxialloadwasappliedtothewall.Step2）:

Byholdingtheaxialloadconstantandwith

initialconditionsofthepreviousstep,thelateralloadwasappliedincrementallyandincreasedstepbystepuntildisplacementofthehighestlevelreachedthetargetdisplacement.

Toobtainthecyclicbehaviorandhysteresisloopsofthewall,nonlineardynamicanalysiswasperformedfollowingtheseprocedures:

Theaxialloadwasappliedtothewall.

Byholdingtheaxialloadconstantandwithinitialconditionsofthepreviousstep,thelateral

Fig.1Reinforcingdetailsofsecimen（THOMSENandWALLACE[10]）

2732J.Cent.SouthUniv.（2015）22:

2730−2738

Fig.2Applieddisplacementhistory[10]

displacementrecordwasappliedtothewallbyaspringelement.Thiselementhadtobeverystiffversusstructurestiffnessandonlytransitionalstiffnesshadtobeconsidered.

Figure3comparestheresultsoftheanalyticalandexperimentalmodels.Theanalyticalmodelcapturedthemeasuredresponsereasonablywell.Theanalysisresultsclearlyreflectedactualcharacteristicsofcyclicwallresponse,includingstiffnessdegradation,shapeofthe

load-displacementhysteresisloopsandplastic（residual）displacementsatzeroloads.Thelateralcapacityofthewallwaspredictedverycloselyformostofthelateraldriftlevels.Itshowsthatthemodelingofloadbearingwallsections