The Comparative Study of Chinese English.docx

The Comparative Study of Chinese English.docx

《The Comparative Study of Chinese English.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《The Comparative Study of Chinese English.docx（14页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

TheComparativeStudyofChineseEnglish

TheComparativeStudyofChineseEnglish

中国式英语的对比研究

Abstrac

ChinaEnglishisabranchofEnglishvarieties,concerningaboutthespecialculture,history,customandcivilizationofChina.Itswidelyusecanfuelthecommunicationanddevelopmentinallkindsoffieldswiththerestoftheworld.

ChineseEnglishorChinglish,isaphenomenoncommonlyseeninpublicationsanddailycommunication.ItissometimesmisusedbyChinese,itobviouslyviolatesthegeneralEnglishrules,cultureandcustomaswell.ItdoesgreatharmtointernationalcommunicationandthespreadingofChinesecivilization.MostsentencesofChineseEnglishareproducedbymisunderstandingsemanticmeaningorlogicrelations,andsomeareevenarrangedinChinesestructures.ChinaEnglishandChineseEnglisharerelatedtoeachotheranddifferentfromeachother.InordertoreduceandavoidmisusageofChineseEnglish,itisnecessarytocomparativelystudythedifferencebetweenChinaEnglishandChineseEnglish.

KeyWords:

ChinaEnglish；ChineseEnglish；Difference

摘要

中国英语，既已标准英语为核心，表达中国社会文化特有事物的一种英语变体语体。

它不受母语干扰，通过音译、译借以及语义再生的手段进行英语交际，它有利于中国文化的传播，有助于中国与世界的交流。

中国式英语，是受中式思维的影响，硬套汉语的规则习惯，在英语交际中出现的不符合英语表达习惯和语法的一种畸形语体。

中国英语和中国式英语二者有着相互联系又有本质区别。

在跨语言文化交流中，我们应当大力弘扬中国英语，避免中国式英语。

本文对中国英语和中国式英语的构成、形成以及他们之间的相互关系进行了分析与探讨。

关键词：

中国英语；中国式英语；区别

TableofContents

1．Introduction1

2ABriefAccountofChinaEnglishandChineseEnglish3

2.1ChinaEnglish3

2.2ChineseEnglish4

3FeaturesofChinaEnglishandChineseEnglish6

3.1ThefeaturesofChinaEnglish6

3.2thefeaturesofChineseEnglish8

3.2.1Lexicalfeature9

3.2.2Syntacticfeatures9

3.2.3Discoursefeatures9

3.3TherelationshipbetweenChinaEnglishandChineseEnglish10

4TheriseofChinaEnglishandChineseEnglish12

5AcceptingChinaEnglish,notChineseEnglish13

5.1AboutChinaEnglish13

5.2AboutChineseEnglish14

5.3AcceptingChinaEnglish,notChineseEnglish15

6AchievementsofChinaEnglish16

6.1Communication16

6.2Tranlation16

7Conclusion17

References18

Acknowledgements19

1．Introduction

Withthedevelopmentofglobalization,Englishhasreachedtothewholeworldandbecometheinternationallanguage.Inrecentyears,thenumberofChinesepeoplewholearnEnglishhasreached250million.ThismeansthatmanynewwordsarecreatedbyChineseeveryday.Whereas,inChina,thediscussionbetweenChinaEnglishandChineseEnglishisstillexistedandcatchlotsofattentions.

EnglishglobalizationhasactuallytriggedthelocalizationofEnglishlanguage,becauseeachnationpossessesdifferenthistory,culture,politicalenvironmentetc.So,English,asatoolforinternationalcommunication,sdoomedtobebrandedwithdifferentnationalcolours.ThewideuseofEnglishamongnon-nativeandnativespeakersinadiverserangeofsocialandculturalcontextswillinevitablyproduceregionalvarieties.

ThelanguagecontactofEnglishandChinesecanbetracedbacktothe17thcentury,andsincethenEnglishlanguagehasbeenexperiencingalongprocessoflocalizationinChinesecontext.However,itwasnotuntil1982thatthetermChinaEnglishwasfirstproposedbyGeChuangui,awellknownChineselexicographer.ChinaownsthelargestEnglishlearninggroupintheworld.Therearemorethan300millionEnglishlearnersinChina,whichoccupyonefourthofthetotalpopulationinthecountry.AndsomeexpertsintheSecondInternationalConferenceonForeignLanguageTeachingMethodologyatShanghaiInternationalStudiesUniversityrevealthattotalnumberofEnglishlearnersinChinawillexceedthewholepopulationofEnglishspeakingcountriesinthenearfuture.Thisstudywasconductedin2005.Asweallknow,languageusedbyalargeamountofpeoplemayholdmoreinfluence.Therefore,itisofrealisticvaluetostudyChinaEnglishandChineseEnglish.

AndChinesehasbeenmakingcontributiontothedevelopmentofStandardEnglish.Inrecent,GlobalLanguageMonitoringInstituterevealsthatEnglishhasbeenexperiencingtheunprecedentedreforminthehistorybecauseofChinglishshock.AlotofChinesewordspermeateintoEnglishvocabulary,becomingthemajorresourceofEnglishvocabulary.Tosomeextent,Englishturnsintoaworldpidgin.AccordingtothestatisticsoftheinstituteinFebruary2007,ChinaEnglishhasdevoted5%-20%,surpassinganyotherresourcetoenlargeEnglishvocabularysince1994.Thesewordsandphraseareallunderstandableforthenativespeakerswithoutanyspecificexplanation.

Now,ChinaEnglishiswidelyacceptedanddistinguishedfromthedeformedChineseEnglish.Undertheinfluenceofglobalization,weChineseneedtoexpresswhatisuniqueinChinaininterculturalcommunication.WhatisuniqueinChinaortypicaloftheChineseculturehasmadeitnecessarytouseChinaEnglishtoexpressChineseideasaspartofone'scommunicativecompetence.Thus,acomprehensivestudyofChinaEnglishisgreatlyvaluedinlanguagetheoryandincommunicativepracticeaswell.However,manyEnglishlearnersareveryeagertospeaklikeanative,regardingChinaEnglishascontortedlanguage,whichsometimesisconnectedwithlowracialandsocialstatus.Hence,theytotallyignoredifferentfeaturesofChinaandChineseculture.ItisevidentthatbesidesEnglishinEnglandandEnglishinAmerica,thereisCanadianEnglish,AustralianEnglish,NewZealandEnglish,IndianEnglish,SingaporeEnglishandsoon.AndsodoesEnglishinChina.However,presently,ChineseEnglishandChinaEnglisharegettingmoreandmoreattentionintheworld.

Tillnow,asarisingphenomenon,ChinaEnglishisfacingalotofproblems.OneistherelationsamongstandardEnglish,ChinaEnglishandChineseEnglish.AnotheriswhatattitudeweshouldhavetowardChinaEnglishandChineseEnglish.ThisthesiswillmakeitclearthatpeopleshouldadmitChinaEnglishasanessentialpartoftheEnglishlanguage.

2ABriefAccountofChinaEnglishandChineseEnglish

2.1ChinaEnglish

What'sChinaEnglish?

GeChuangui（1980）isthefirstscholarwhocomesupwiththeterm"ChinaEnglish".Hepointsout:

"Everycountryhasitsownsituation.AsforourChina,beitoldornewone,ithasmanythingswithChinesecharacteristicsthatneedtobeexpressedwhentheyarespokenorwritteninEnglish"Andhecitessomeexamplestosupporthisideas:

Hanlinyuan（翰林院）、MayFourthMovement（五四运动）、eight-leggedessay（八股文）、Baihuawen（白话文）、fourmodernization（四个现代化）andsoon.

WangRongpei（1991）holdsthatthedefinitionofChinaEnglish,whichwasinhisarticleTheObjectiveExistenceofChinaEnglish,shouldincludethefollowingthreeparts:

1）ChinaEnglishisusedbyChinesepeopleinChinesenativeland;2）ChinaEnglishshouldhavetheStandardEnglishasitscore;3）ChinaEnglishhasitsuniquefeatures.

LiWenzhong（1993）challengesWangRongpei'sdefinitionofChinaEnglishbypublishinghisarticleChinaEnglishandChineseEnglish.HereLi'sargumentsaboutthepointthattheuseofChinaEnglishisnotrestrictedtoChinesenativeland.ManyEnglishwordsfromChinesehaveenteredEnglishbymeansoftransliterationandloantranslation,suchastea（茶），kowtow（叩头），GreatLeapForward（大跃进），GangofFour（四人帮）andsoon.AlltheseEnglishwordsorphrase,betheyusedinChinaorabroad,areChinaEnglish.Hethinksthatevensuchexpressionsas"LittleRedBook"and"CommunistChina"mightbeconsideredasChinaEnglish,whicharecoinedbythewesternersandareneverusedinthenativelandofChina.

Aboveall,thedefinitionsofChinaEnglishhaveaconcentrationonthefollowingpoints:

ThefirstiswhetherChinaEnglishhastheinterferencefromChinese.Asiswellknow,therelationbetweenlanguageandthoughtisofdialecticalunity.Languagedevelopmentscanpromotethatofthought,andviceverse.ChinaEnglishdoesnotexistwithoutChineseinterference.Whenone'sEnglishproficiencyisimproved,one'sChineseinterferencemaybeless,butitcanneverdisappearcompletely.ThisisevensoforanexpertinEnglish.SolongasonehasChineseasone'snativelanguageandthinksinChineseway,one'sEnglishisdefinitelycharacteristicofChineseflavor.XieZhijun（1995）oncelakesacontrastbetweenthetwoEnglishversionsofaveryfamousChinesenovelADreamofRedMansionstranslatedbyMr.YangXianyiandhiswife,andbyD.HawkesandJohnMinfordrespectively;hefindsthatthereareanycasesaboutChinaEnglishinYang'sversion,forexampletherearealotofshortsentencepatternsandlessrelativewords.

Thesecondisaboutthe"standardEnglish".The"standardEnglish"doesnotexist.NeitherBritishnorAmericanoneisregardedasa"standard"English,buteachofthemasanEnglishvariety.We,however,mayrefertosuchEnglishasBritishEnglish,AmericanEnglish,AustralianEnglishandSingaporeEnglishas"normative"EnglishwhichconformtothegeneralrulesofEnglishlanguagesandcanbeunderstoodbythenativeEnglishspeakers.

ThethirdconcernsthescopeofChinaEnglish,thatis,whetherithasbeenuseinnativeChineseland.ModernsociolinguistsdivideEnglishvarietiesintotwokinds------internationalandinternationalintermsoftheirpurposeandfunction（SunLi1989）.ThisdivisionclearlyindicatesthatanyEnglishvarietycanbeusedbeyondisnativelandandenterinternationaluse.ChinaEnglishismainlyaninternationalvariety.WetakeChineseborrowingsforinstance.Fromtheseventeenthtotwentiethcentury,manyChineseborrowingsdirectlyenteredEnglishthroughtransliterationsuchyamen（衙门），GreatCulturalRevolution（文化大革命），FourModernizations（四个大跃进）andsoon.AlltheseEnglishversionsofcoursebelongtoChinaEnglishnomatterwheretheyareused.

ThefourthisonthescopeofthefeaturesofChinaEnglish,thatis,wheth