强调句型+定语从句+主从和it形式主语句型.docx
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强调句型+定语从句+主从和it形式主语句型
定语从句
定语从句在句中相当于一个形容词，起定语的作用，修饰说明名词、代词或主语的全部内容。
通常在被修饰的词语（即先行词）之后，由“关系词”引导。
定语从句的三种功能：
1.连接功能：
连接从句，引导一个定语从句
2.指代功能：
指代先行词
3.语法功能：
在定语从句中充当句子成分
（定语从句中的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种）
thatwhichwhowhomwhosewhenwherewhy
主语
宾语
定语
表语
指人
who
that
whom
that
whose
that
指物
which
that
which
that
whose
that
注:
关系代词在句中充当主语、宾语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。
关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略
Aplaneisamachinewhich/thatcanfly.（作主语）
Thedogwhich/thatwaslosthasbeenfound.（作主语）
Thenumberofpeoplewho/thatlosthomesreached250,000.
Herecomesthegirlwho/thatwantstoseeyou.
关系代词在句中作宾语时可省略
Thenoodlesthat/whichIcookedweredelicious.（作宾语）
Thisisthebookthat/whichIwanttoread.
Theletterthat/whichIreceivedyesterdaywasfrommyfather.
Thegirlwho/thatwesawyesterdayisMary.
MrLiisamanwhom/who/thatweshouldlearfrom.
Doyouknowthemanwhom/who/thatistalkingto?
关系代词在从句中做定语
Thenovelwhosecoverwasbrokenblongstome.
HeneryistheboywhosemotherisourEnglishteacher.Iknowthepersonwhosecompanyproducescomputers.
Thisisthepersonwhosestorysurprisedeverybody.
关系代词在句中作表语时可省略（只能用that）
Sheisnotthegirlthatshewas.
定语从句中关系代词与关系副词的选择
明确关系代词，关系副词在定语从句中的不同作用
关系代词which,that,who在定语从句中作主语或在及物动词或介词后作宾语
关系副词when,where,why在定语从句中作状语，即定语从句中不缺主语、宾语，只缺时间、地点或原因状语
分析句子结构，明确句法成分
〔注〕值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导
BythetimeyouarriveinLondon,wewillhavestayedtherefortwoweeks.
IstillrememberthefirsttimeImether.
Eachtimehegoestobusinesstrip,hebringsalotoflivingnecessities,suchastowers,soap,toothbrushetc.
当从句的逻辑主语是some,any,no,somebody,anybody,nobody,something,anything,everything或nothing时，常用thereis来引导
关系词在从句中作宾语还是作状语，关键取决于从句中的谓语动词。
如果定语从句中谓语动词是及物动词，应观察其后有无宾语。
如果没宾语，则应考虑使用能充当宾语的关系代词which或that。
如果句子中有宾语，就考虑关系副词when或where等
关系副词（when,where,why）
When的用法（在定语从句中做时间状语）
IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.
Wewillneverforgetthehappytimewhenweworkedonthefarm.
Hecameatatimewhen（atwhich）weneededhelp.
where的用法（在定语从句中做地点状语）
Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.
Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.
AfterlivinginPairsforfiftyyears,hereturnedtothesmalltownwherehegrewupasachild.
3.why的用法（在定语从句中做原因状语）
Thereareseveralreasonswhywecan’tdothat.
Hecouldn’tgivetheteacheragoodreasonwhyhewaslateforschool.
Isthisthereasonwhy（forwhich）herefusedouroffer?
Thereasonwhy（forwhich）shewasillisthatshehadeatenbadmeat.
4.比较
I’llneverforgetthedaysthat/whichIspentwithmyteacher.
I’llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedwithyou.
Itisthehousethat/whichwasbuilttwoyearsago.Itisthehousewhere/inwhichIwasborn.
Thereasonwhich/thathegavewasanexcuse.
Thereasonwhyhewaslatewastherain.
Doyouknowthereasonwhyhedidn’tturnup?
只能用that的定语从句
1.先行词为不定代词alleveryingnothinganythinglittlemuchnone时或被这些词修饰时，关系代词只用that
Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.
2.当先行词被形容词的最高级修饰时，只用that
ThisisthemostbeautifulparkthatIhavevisited.
TheTitanicisthemostdangerousfilmthatI’veeverseen.
ThebestonethatI’llchoosewillbeyou.
3.当先行词被序数词thefirst,thesecond,thelast等修饰时，只用that
Thefirstlessonthatwehavelearnedwillneverbeeasilyforgotten.
Thisisthelastclassthatwewillhavethisterm.
当先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast修饰时，只用that
（someanyfewmuchnoveryonly）
Theonlystudentthatmaybeelectedisinourclass.
Ihavenoquestionthatwillbeasked.
Therewaslittlethatinterestedhimatthemeeting.
ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingfor.
当先行词既指人又指物时
Weoftentalkaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremember.
Thecharactersandtheanimalsthatareinthepictureareverynative.
Thetrainranoveraboyandhisdogthatwerejustcrossingtherailroad.
当主语是以who或which开头的疑问句时，为避免重复而用that
Whoisthegirlthatisstandingthere?
Whoistheboythatshookhandswithyoujustnow？
Whichisthehotelthatyoustayedatlastmonth?
当way做先行词时，关系代词可以有三种形式
that
inwhich
×
Idon’tlikethewaythat/inwhich/×youspeaktoyourmotherlikethat.
先行词在句中作表语
Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.
EX：
1.-Doyouknowtheman______istalkingwithyourfather？
-Yes，he’sourheadmaster.
A.heB.who C.which D.whom
2.Isthistheriver_____Icanswim？
A.which B.inwhich C.that D.theone
3.Thisisthebesthotelinthecity_____Iknow.
A.where B.which C.that D.it
4.Canyoulendmethedictionary______theotherday？
A.thatyoubought B.youboughtit
C.thatyouboughtit D.whichyouboughtit
5.Anyone______withwhatIsaidmayputupyouhands.
A.whichagrees B.whoagree
C.whoagrees D.whichagree
6.Mywatchisnottheonlything______ismissing.
A.that B.it C.which who
7.Theman______coatisblackiswaitingatthegate
A.who’s B.whose C.that ofwhich.
8.Thegirl______isreadingunderthetree_____mysister.
A.which；is B.whom；was C.who；is D.who；was
9.Iloveplaces______thepeoplearereallyfriendly.
A.that B.which C.where D.who
10.Theworld______ismadeupofmatter.
A.inthatwelive B.onwhichwelive
C.wherewelivein D.welivein
Ⅱ.用适当的关系代词that，which，who，whom填空。
1.Thefirstthing______youmustdoistohaveameal.
2.April1stistheday_____iscalledAprilFool’sDayinthewest.
3.Thefamily_____hadlosteverythinginabigfiregotmuchhelpfromtheirfriends.
4.Thehouse_____weliveinisveryold.
5.Didn’tyouseetheman______Italkedwithjustnow？
定语从句练习：
1.Thisisthebag_____mymotherboughtyesterday.
A.thatB.whoC.whomD.this
2.Theman_____livesnexttousismyEnglishteacher.
A.whomB.whichC.whoD./
3.Thegirl_____yousawinthestreetisMary.
A.thatB.whoseC.whichD.as
4.Isthisthefactory_____alotofstudentsvisitedyesterday?
A.theoneB.whichC.whoD.whom
6.Theonlylanguage_____iseasytolearnisthemothertongue.
A.whichB.thatC./D.it
7.Thegirlhandedeverything_____shehadpickedupinthestreettothepolice.
A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.all
9.Pleaseshowmethebook_____youboughtyesterday.
A.whichB.whomC.whoseD.this
10.Thisisthebestbook_____Ihavebeenlookingforallthisyear.
A.whoB.whomC.whichD./
11.Thisistheonlyarticleofthesethat_____writtenbyhim.
A.wasB.wereC.isD.are
12.Theman_____washerejustnowisadoctor.
A.whomB.whoC./D.he
13.Theboy_____hastwolovelydogs.
A.wholivenextdoorB.whichlivesnextdoor
C.whomlivesnextdoorD.thatlivesnextdoor
14.Those_____madenomistakesintoday’sexercisespleaseraiseyourhands.
A.whichB.whomC.thatD.who
15.Thefarm_____westayedlastweekisalovelyplaceforaholiday.
A.whenB.whereC.thatD.atthat
16.Heisthemostcarefulboy_____Iknow.
A.whatB.whichC.asD../
17.Thisistheschool_____Mr.Smithoncetaught.
A.inthatB.whenC.whereD.there
18.Haveyouvisitedthehouse_____thefamousscientistwasborn?
A.whereB.inthatC.thatD.which
19.Thefactory_____Mr.Liusedtoworkwasclosedlastweek.
A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which
20.Doyoustillremembertheday_____wefirstmet?
A.thatB.whenC.whatD.onthat
21.October1,1949istheday_____we’llneverforget.
A.whenB.thatC.whereD.inwhich
22.October1,1949wastheday_____thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.
A.whichB.whenC.whereD.inwhich
23.Isthistheshop_____sellschildren’sclothing?
A.whichB.whereC.inwhichD.what
25.Istillrememberthesitting-room_____mymotherandIusedtositintheevening.
A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where
26.Haveyouseenthegirl_____?
A.thatItoldB.ItoldyouofC.whomItoldD.Itoldof
28.Finallythethiefhandedineverything_____hehadstolentothepolice.
A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whatever
29.Thelecturespokeofsomewritersandnovels_____wereknowntousall.
A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what
30.Icanstillrememberthesittingroom_____mymotherandIusedtositintheevening.
A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where
32.Theonlyquestion_____istofindourwayhome.
A.thatmatteredB.thatmattersC.whichmatteredD.matter
34.Thefarmersusedwoodtobuildahouse_____graincanbestored.
A.withwhichB.whereC.inthatD.which
参考答案：
I.1-5BBCAC 6-10ABCCD
Ⅱ.1.that2.which/that 3.who/that 4.that/which5.who/whom/that
Keys：
1-5ACABA6-10BCCAD11-15CBDDB16-20DCABB21-25.BBADD26-30.BDBBD31-34ABDB
定语从句中关系代词的选用往往是很多同学难以掌握的，我们就复习过程中的难点以及关系代词的一些特殊用法加以举例分析：
定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句。
1）关系代词：
who,whom,whose,which,that等。
2）关系副词：
when,where,why等。
在定语从句，关系副词=介词+which。
也就是说，每个关系副词里本身就已经含有了一个介词：
when=在什么时候，where=在什么地方，why=为什么原因，等。
至于在英文中用哪个具体的介词，就得依具体情况而定了。
定语从句的作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词或代词，即先行词。
定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。
一、限定性定语从句
二、非限定性定语从句：
非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立
1.which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分
2.在引导限定性定语从句时，that有时相当于inwhich,atwhich,forwhich或atwhich
Attitudestowardsdaydreamingarechanginginmuchthesamewaythat（inwhich）attitudestowardsnightdreaminghavechanged.人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变，这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。
Ilikethemusicfortheveryreasonthat（forwhich）hedislikeit.我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐，而他恰恰与我相反。
Wearrivedthedaythat（onwhich）theyl
升级会员 