Experimental study of the polycarbonate behaviour during complex loadings and comparison with the Bo.docx

Experimental study of the polycarbonate behaviour during complex loadings and comparison with the Bo.docx

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ExperimentalstudyofthepolycarbonatebehaviourduringcomplexloadingsandcomparisonwiththeBo

ExperimentalstudyofthepolycarbonatebehaviourduringcomplexloadingsandcomparisonwiththeBoyce,ParksandArgonmodelpredictions  OriginalResearchArticle

Materials&Design,Volume30,Issue8,September2009,Pages3126-3140

CynthiaDreistadt,Anne-SophieBonnet,PierreChevrier,PaulLipinski

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Abstract

Theaimofthispaperistocharacterisethemechanicalbehaviourofpolycarbonateincomplexloadingsthroughexperimentalinvestigations.Variousstrainpathsandhistorieshavebeenexperimentedincompressionsuchasloading–unloadingfordifferentstrains,repeatedloading–unloadingwithvariousdwelltimesandstresslevelsandnon-radialloadingtests.Alltheseexperimentshavebeencarriedoutataconstantnominalstrainrate（0.001/s）androomtemperature.Elastic,permanentandrecoverablestraincomponentshavebeenidentifiedandtheirstrainrateevolutionestimated.Theinfluenceofdwelltimeandstresslevelontheanelasticdeformationhasalsobeenstudied.Thenon-radialexperimentshaveemphasisedthestronglyanisotropicbehaviourofpolycarbonate.Finally,theresultsofthesetestsarecomparedtothewellknownBoyce,ParksandArgon（BPA）[BoyceMC,ParksDM,ArgonAS.LargeinelasticdeformationofglassypolymersPartI:

ratedependentconstitutivemodel.MechMater1988;7:

15–33,[1]]constitutivemodel.Themajordiscrepanciesobservedconcerntheabsenceofsimulatedpermanentstrainandtheincorrectdescriptionoftheanelasticstrain.Besides,thepredictedanisotropicresponseofpolycarbonate（PC）doesnotmatchtheexperimentalobservations.Theroleofinternalstresses,inducedbydeformationprocess,onpolycarbonatebehaviourispointedout.

ArticleOutline

1.Introduction

2.ExperimentalprocedureandidentificationofmaterialconstantsforBPAmodel

3.Experimentalresults.ComparisonwiththeBPAmodifiedmodel

3.1.Loading–unloadingtests.Identificationofpermanentstrain

3.2.Repeatedloading–partialunloadingtests

3.3.Studyofstraininducedanisotropy

4.Conclusions

AppendixA.TheBoyce,ParksandArgonmodifiedmodel

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77

Newcatalyticmaterialsforthehigh-temperaturesynthesisofhydrocyanicacidfrommethaneandammoniabyhigh-throughputapproach  OriginalResearchArticle

AppliedCatalysisA:

General,Volume334,Issues1-2,1January2008,Pages73-83

S.Moehmel,N.Steinfeldt,S.Engelschalt,M.Holena,S.Kolf,M.Baerns,U.Dingerdissen,D.Wolf,R.Weber,M.Bewersdorf

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Abstract

Forconvertingmethaneandammoniatohydrocyanicacid,catalystswerepreparedandtestedina48-parallelchannelfixed-bedreactorunitoperatingattemperaturesupto1373 K.Thecatalystsweresynthesizedwitharobotapplyingageneticalgorithmasthedesigntool.Newandimprovedcatalystcompositionswerediscoveredbyusingatotalofsevengenerationseachconsistingof92potentialcatalysts.Thereby,thecatalystsupportturnedoutasanimportantinputvariable.Furthermore,platinum,whichiswellknownasacatalyticmaterialwasconfirmed.Moreover,improvementsinHCNyieldwereachievedbyadditionofpromoterslikeIr,Au,Ni,Mo,ZnandRe.Multi-wayanalysisofvarianceandregressiontreeswereappliedtoestablishcorrelationsbetweenHCNyieldandcatalystcomposition（supportandmetaladditives）.Theobtainedresultsareconsideredasthebaseforfutureevenmoreefficientscreeningexperiments.

ArticleOutline

1.Introduction

2.Experimental

2.1.Designofthetestunit

2.2.Analytics

2.3.Catalystpreparation

2.4.Reactionconditions

3.Methodology

3.1.Geneticalgorithm（GA）

3.2.Dataanalysis

4.Resultsanddiscussion

4.1.Validationofthehigh-throughputapproach

4.1.1.Validationofthehigh-throughputtestingunit

4.1.2.Validationofthehigh-throughputpreparation

4.2.CatalyticresultsonbareandPt-loadedsupports

4.3.Resultsofcatalystdevelopmentbytheuseofanevolutionaryprocedure（GA）

4.4.Dataanalysis

5.Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

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Graphicalabstract

Forconvertingmethaneandammoniatohydrocyanicacid,improvedcatalystformulationswereobtainedusinghigh-throughputexperimentation（preparationandtesting）andageneticalgorithmasdesigntool.Furthermore,multi-wayanalysisofvarianceandregressiontreeswereappliedtoestablishcorrelationsbetweenHCNyieldandcatalystcomposition.

78

AChryseobacteriummeningosepticumoutbreakobservedin3clustersinvolvingbothneonatalandnon-neonatalpediatricpatients  

AmericanJournalofInfectionControl,Volume36,Issue6,August2008,Pages453-457

MehmetCeyhan,InciYıldırım,AlperTekelı,MuratYurdakok,EbruUs,BelginAltun,TezerKutluk,AliBülentCengiz,VenharGurbuz,CagriBarın,ArzuBagdat,DuyguCetınkaya,DenizGur,OnurTuncel

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ThreeclustersofChryseobacteriummeningosepticuminfectionsinatertiaryhealthcenterinJuly2006andJanuary2007involving8newbornsand5olderchildrenwereinvestigated.Theindexpatientwasfromtheneonatalintensivecareunit,andtheolderpatientswerefromotherpediatricwards.Cultureswereobtainedfromtheenvironmentandfromhealthcareworkers'handsaspartofanoutbreakinvestigation.Cmeningosepticumwasisolatedfromhandculturesobtainedfromaseniorresidentandfromenvironmentalculturesobtainedfrompowderedinfantformula,anelectricalbutton,acomputerkeyboard,phone,adoorknob,andanAmbubag.Antibiogramtypingandenterobacterialrepetitiveintergenicconsensussequencepolymerasechainreactionindicatedthatalloftheisolateswereepidemiologicallyrelated.Ninepatientsimprovedonantimicrobialtreatment,and4prematureinfantsdiedaftertheinfection.Cmeningosepticumisawell-knownetiologicagentfornosocomialinfectionsinvolvingnewbornsandimmunocompromisedpatients.Wetanddryenvironmentalsurfacesandequipmentmayactasasourceorplayaroleindisseminatingthemicroorganism.Outbreaksmaybecontrolledwithstrongemphasisoninfectioncontrolmeasures.

ArticleOutline

Methods

Hospitalandmedicalcaresettings

Patients

Outbreakinvestigation

Infectioncontrolinterventions

Bacterialisolatesandmoleculartesting

Results

Discussion

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79

Amedicaldeviceforprefabricationoflargebonegraftsinmodernmedicine  OriginalResearchArticle

MedicalHypotheses,Volume76,Issue4,April2011,Pages489-491

ClaudeLaflamme,MahmoudRouabhia

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Abstract

Translatingadvancesinthelaboratoryintosoundclinicalpracticepresentsaseriesofformidableconceptualandtechnicalchallenges.Oneofthemisourinabilitytomaintainlargegraftsoflivingcellsupontransferfrominvitroconditionsintothehostinvivo.Thisisduemainlytodiffusionlimitationswithinthegraftingmaterial.Weembracethewell-knownhypothesisofthe“DiamondConcept”inbonetissueregeneration,whichincludesfourkeyfactors.Basedontheunderstandingofbasicelementsoftissueengineeringconstructs,prefabricationandconditioningtechniquesandthenano-vascularisationofthescaffold,wefurthermorehypothesizethatcombinationsofcells,solidmultipolymericscaffoldasthe“coreelement”workingastheextracellularmatrix（ECM）,growthfactorsandnano-vascularisationsettingmayeventuallygeneratealarge“ready-to-use”invitro/invivograft.Weareconfidentandthinkthatgrowthfactorswillhelpintheconstructionofastep-by-steporganisationofthebonetissueengineeringconstruct（BTEC）.Amedicaldevice,namedinvitro/invivoBoneBioreactorTissueEngineeringConstruct（IV2B2TEC）,isproposedtofulfilthehypothesis.Soon,wehopetotesttheabovehypothesisonanon-unionbonedefectinananimalmodel.Thisnovelstrategywilllikelyopennewoptionsforreconstructingextendedbonedefectsandfacilitateclinicaltranslationofbonetissueengineering.Ascomparedwithconventionalreconstructivemethods,thestrategyhasfourkeyadvantagesandmightprovetobeanovelarmamentariumforcliniciansinregenerativemedicine.

ArticleOutline

Introduction

IV2B2TEC:

anintegratedstrategyforprefabricationoflargebonegrafts

Buildingascaffold:

thefishingunwindingapproach−let’sputthecellsintoit!

Stemcellsandgrowthfactors

Automated“biocreators”:

keynotesonkinetics/timing/controllingofthebiologicalparameterswithmicropumps

Angiogenesisandnano-vascularisation

Presentationofthehypothesis

Conflictofintereststatement

Acknowledgements

AppendixA.Supplementarydata

References

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80

FuzzyRegressionModeltoPredicttheBeadGeometryintheRoboticWeldingProcess  OriginalResearchArticle

ActaMetallurgicaSinica（EnglishLetters）,Volume20,Issue6,December2007,Pages391-397

B.S.Sung,I.S.Kim,Y.Xue,H.H.Kim,Y.H.Cha

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AbstractAbstract

Recently,therehasbeenarapiddevelopmentincomputertechno