机床整体控制专家系统及智能柔性驱动编程方案.docx

机床整体控制专家系统及智能柔性驱动编程方案.docx

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机床整体控制专家系统及智能柔性驱动编程方案

AdaptivefuzzylogiccontrollerforDC–DCconverters 

ExpertSystemswithApplications

Thispaperintroducesacompletedesignmethodtoconstructanadaptivefuzzylogiccontroller（AFLC）forDC–DCconverter.Inaconventionalfuzzylogiccontroller（FLC）,knowledgeonthesystemsuppliedbyanexpertisrequiredfordevelopingmembershipfunctions（parameters）andcontrolrules.TheproposedAFLC,ontheotherhand,donotrequiredexpertformakingparametersandcontrolrules.Instead,parametersandrulesaregeneratedusingamodeldatafile,whichcontainssummaryofinput–outputpairs.TheFLCuseMamdanitypefuzzylogiccontrollersforthedefuzzificationstrategyandinferenceoperators.Theproposedcontrollerisdesignedandverifiedbydigitalcomputersimulationandthenimplementedforbuck,boostandbuck–boostconvertersbyusingan8-bitmicrocontroller.

ArticleOutline

1.Introduction

2.Basicdesignofadaptivefuzzylogiccontroller

3.Adaptationalgorithmforthefuzzylogiccontroller

4.ComputersimulationoftheAFLC

5.ImplementationoftheAFLCwithmicrocontroller

6.Conclusion

CommissioningoftextorCC,thenewTEXTORcontrolsystemandfirstoperatingexperiences  

FusionEngineeringandDesign

TheoldTEXTORcontrolsystemshavesuccessfullybeenupdated.ThemachinecontrolhasreplacedbytextorCC,asolutionbasedonthesoftwarepackageWinCCproducedbySiemens.WinCC,andthereforetextorCC,canbeeasilyintegratedwiththealreadyavailableSiemensS5/S7hardwarecomponents.Thisnewsystemhastheadvantagethatitisbasedonindustrialsoft-andhardwarecomponents.Therefore,thelifetimeofthecontrolsystemisextendedandthemaintenanceeffortisreduced.TheinstallationandcommissioningofthenewcontrolsystemwasdoneinparalleltoTEXTORoperation.DuringthistimeeachfunctionwastestedandcomparedwiththeactualTEXTORdata.Allfunctionalityoftheformercontrolsystemwasstep-by-stepreplaced.Specialattentionwasgiventothevisualization,dataanderrorlogging.ThemachinecontroltimingsystemhasbeenreplacedbyaninhousedevelopmentinpartnershipwithSiemens.ItconsistsoftransmittersandreceiversbasedonPROFIBUSmodulesandisfullycompatiblewiththepre-existingtiminginfrastructure.Theoldprogrammablefunctiongenerator（PFG）hasbeenreplacedbycompactRIOmodules,controlledandprogrammedbyLabview.ThisnewPFGsystemallowstoprogramupto84differenttimedependentsignals.Inthispaperweintenttopresentamoredetailedoverviewofour,onWinCC-basedwork,andafirststatusreportonthisnewcontrolsystemforTEXTOR.

ArticleOutline

1.Introduction

2.Replacementofcriticalitems

2.1.OldS3PLC-components

2.2.Programmablefunctiongenerator

2.3.Timing

2.3.1.Codegeneration

2.3.2.Modules

2.3.3.Software,Step7,WinCC

3.textorCC

4.Conclusionandoutlook

References

ApplicationofPLCtodynamiccontrolsystemforliquidHecryogenicpumpingfacilityonJT-60UNBIsystem 

ThecontrolsystemofthecryogenicfacilityintheJT-60NBIsystemhasbeenreplacedbyemployingthePLC（ProgrammableLogicController）andSCADA（SupervisoryControlAndDataAcquisition）system.Theoriginalcontrolsystemwasconstructedabout20yearsagobyspecifyingtheDCS（DistributedControlSystem）computertodealwith

400feedbackloops.Recently,troublesonthiscontrolsystemhaveincreasedduetoitsage-induceddeterioration.Tomaintainthehighreliabilityofthecryogenicfacility,anewcontrolsystemhasbeenplannedwiththePLCandSCADAsystems.Theirattractivefeaturesincludehighmarketavailabilityandcost-effectiveness,however,theuseofPLCforsuchalargefacilitywith

400feedbackloopshasnotbeenestablishedbecauseofinsufficientprocessingcapabilityoftheearlyPLC.Meanwhile,therecentprogressinthePLCenablestousetheFBD（functionblockdiagram）programminglanguagefor500functionblocks.ByoptimizingthefunctionblocksandconnectingthemintheFBDlanguage,thefeedbackloopshavebeensuccessfullyreplacedfromDCStoPLCwithoutasoftwaredeveloper.Moreover,anoscillationoftheliquidHelevel,whichoftenoccursduringthecooldownmodeofthecryopumps,canbeautomaticallystabilizedbyeasilyaddinganewprocessprograminthePLC.Atpresent,thenewcontrolsystemhasworkedwell.

ArticleOutline

1.Introduction

2.CryogenicfacilityforNBIsystem

3.PLCbasedcontrolsystem

3.1.Designconcept

3.2.ConstructionofPLCbasedcontrolsystem

4.Operationalresults

5.Summary

References

TheECALonlinesoftwareinthecommissioningoftheCMSdetector 

NuclearInstrumentsandMethodsinPhysicsResearchSectionA:

Accelerators,Spectrometers,DetectorsandAssociatedEquipment

TheElectromagneticCalorimeter（ECAL）oftheCompactMuonSolenoid（CMS）detectorattheCERNLargeHadronCollider（LHC）isacrystalhomogeneouscalorimetermadeofabout76 000leadtungstatecrystals.

ThedetectorwasinstalledintheCMSexperimentalcavernin2007and2008andwascommissionedwithcosmicraysandwithLHCbeamsin2008.

ThetriggeranddataacquisitionsystemoftheCMSECALcomprises35 000FrontEndASICsand170OffDetectorVMEBoards.Theoperationofthesystem,performedbytheECALonlinesoftware,requirestheconfigurationofO（107）parametersandtherealtimemonitoringofO（105）registers.

InthispaperwediscussthedesignandarchitectureoftheECALonlinesoftwareanditsperformancesincosmicrayrunsandwiththefirstLHCbeams.

ArticleOutline

1.Introduction

2.ArchitectureoftheCMSECALDAQsystem

3.RoleandperformancesoftheECALonlinesoftwareinthecommissioningoftheCMSElectromagneticCalorimeter

4.Conclusions

Acknowledgements

CurrentsharingofparalleledDC–DCconvertersusingGA-basedPIDcontrollers  

Wedemonstrateaconceptforpulse-widthmodulation（PWM）controlofaparallelDC–DCbuckconverter,whicheliminatestheneedformultiplephysicalconnectionsofgating/PWMsignalsamongthedistributedconvertermodules.TheproposedcontrolconceptmayleadtoeasierdistributedcontrolimplementationofparallelDC–DCconvertersanddistributedpowersystems.

Forequipmentwithsignificantpowerrequirement,thetraditionalsinglepowersupplymaynotbeadequate.Manypowersupplieswithparallelregulationcontrolcanbeusedtosolvethisproblem.ThispaperproposesaProportional-Integral-Derivative（PID）controllertocontrolparalleledDC–DCbuckconvertersandcurrentsharingisachieved.Ageneticalgorithm（GA）isemployedtoderiveoptimalornearoptimalPIDcontrollergains.BothsimulationsandexperimentalresultsareprovidedtoverifythetheoreticalanalysisthroughanexperimentalprototypeofparalleledDC–DCbuckconverters.

ArticleOutline

1.Introduction

2.AGA-basedPIDcontrollerdesign

3.Stabilityanalysis

4.Experimentalresults

4.1.Simulationresults

4.2.Experimentalresults

5.Conclusions

Acknowledgements

IntegratedmodelingandcontrolofaPEMfuelcellpowersystemwithaPWMDC/DCconverter 

PowerSourcesAfuelcellpoweredsystemisregardedasahighcurrentandlowvoltagesource.Toboosttheoutputvoltageofafuelcell,aDC/DCconverterisemployed.Sincethesetwosystemsshowdifferentdynamics,theyneedtobecoordinatedtomeetthedemandofaload.Thispaperproposesmodelsforthetwosystemswithassociatedcontrols,whichtakeintoaccountaPEMfuelcellstackwithairsupplyandthermalsystems,andaPWMDC/DCconverter.Theintegratedsimulationfacilitatesoptimizationofthepowercontrolstrategy,andanalysesofinterrelatedeffectsbetweentheelectricloadandthetemperatureofcellcomponents.Inaddition,theresultsshowthattheproposedpowercontrolcancoordinatethetwosourceswithimproveddynamicsandefficiencyatagivendynamicload.

ArticleOutline

Nomenclature

1.Introduction

2.Modelingofafuelcellstack,airsupplyandthermalcircuit

2.1.PEMfuelcellstack

2.1.1.Modelimprovementforthestack

2.1.2.Parametersandsimulation

2.2.Airsupplysystem

2.3.Thermalsystem

2.4.Controlsfortheairandcoolantflowrate

3.DC/DCconverter

4.PowercontrolofthePEMfuelcellsystemwiththeDC/DCconverter

5.Integrationandsimulation

6.Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

Interleavedsoft-switchedactive-clampedL–Ltypecurrent-fedhalf-bridgeDC–DCconverterforfuelcellapplications 

InternationalJournalofHydrogenEnergy

Inthispaper,aninterleavedsoft-switchedactive-clampedL–Ltypecurrent-fedhalf-bridgeisolateddc–dcconverterhasbeenproposed.TheL–Ltypeactive-clampedcurrent-fedconverterisabletomaintainzero-voltageswitching（ZVS）ofallswitchesforthecompleteoperatingrangeofwidefuelcellstackvoltagevariationatfullloaddowntolightloadconditions.Active-clampedcircuitabsorbstheturn-offvoltagespikeacrosstheswitches.Half-bridgetopologymaintainshigherefficiencyduetolowerconductionlosses.Soft-switchingpermitshigherswitchingfrequencyoperation,reducingthesize,weightandcostofthemagneticcomponents.Interleavingofthetwoisolatedconvertersisdoneusingparallelinputseriesoutputapproachandphase-shiftedmodulationisadopted.Itreducestheinputcurrentrippleatthefuelcellinput,whichisrequiredinafuelcellsystemandalsoreducestheoutputvoltageripples.Inaddition,thesizeofthemagnetic/passivecomponents,currentratingoftheswitchesandvoltageratingsoftherectifierdiodesarereduced.

ArticleOutline

1.Introduction

2.Operationandsteady-stateanalysis

3.Design,performanceandsimulationresults

4.Conclusionandsummary

Appendix.Converterdesign

References

Developmentandcommissioningresul