a comparison of taboos between chinese and western culture商英本科学位论文.docx

a comparison of taboos between chinese and western culture商英本科学位论文.docx

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acomparisonoftaboosbetweenchineseandwesternculture商英本科学位论文

中国某某某某学校

学生毕业设计（论文）

题目:

AComparisonofTaboosBetweenChineseandWesternCulture

姓名：

000000

班级、学号：

00000000000000

系（部）：

经济管理系

专业：

商务英语

指导教师：

000000000000

开题时间：

2009-4-10

完成时间：

2008-11-8

2008年11月08日

目录

毕业设计任务书…………………………………………………1

毕业设计成绩评定表……………………………………………2

答辩申请书……………………………………………………3-5

正文……………………………………………………………6-22

答辩委员会表决意见……………………………………………23

答辩过程记录表…………………………………………………24

课题AComparisonofTaboosBetweenChineseandWesternCulture

一、课题（论文）提纲

0.引言

1.社交礼俗禁忌

2.饮食习惯禁忌

3.节日禁忌

4.宗教禁忌

5.语言禁忌比较

6.其他禁忌

6.1数字的禁忌

6.2颜色的禁忌

6.3花卉的禁忌

结束语

二、内容摘要

禁忌就像一种无形的戒律束缚着人们的语言和行为，使他们不敢越雷池一步。

因此，禁忌成为人们交际活动，尤其是跨文化交际的一大障碍。

在日常交往中，触犯禁忌常常导致友谊的破裂、交易的失败、种族的冲突等等较为严重的后果。

因此，有必要中西文化禁忌的比较，避免不必要的文化冲突，促进人类的和谐发展。

三、参考文献

[1]杜学增:

中英文化习俗比较[M].北京：

外语教学与研究出版社，2003

[2]杨宗聂家恩郭全盛:

中国实用禁忌大全[C].上海：

上海文化出版社，1991

[3]李振澜:

外国风俗事典[C].成都：

四川辞书出版社，1989.

[4]胡文仲:

英美文化辞典[C].北京:

外语教学与研究出版社，1995

[5]弗洛伊德著杨庸一译:

图腾与禁忌[C].北京：

外语教学与研究出版社，1986

AComparisonofTaboosBetween

ChineseandWesternCulture

0000000

Abstract:

Taboosarepracticesorverbalexpressionsconsideredbyasocietyorcultureasimproperorunacceptable.Taboosoftenarerootedinthebeliefsofthepeopleofaspecificregionorcultureandarepasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration.

Tabooislikeaninvisibledisciplinetofetterpeople'slanguageandbehavior,causesthemafraidtodomuchthings.Therefore,thetaboosbecomeamajorobstacleincommunicativeactivities,especiallyCross-culturalCommunication.Inthedailycontact,offendsthetaboooftenleadstomoreseriousconsequence,suchasfriendshipfrequentlybreakandtransactiondefeat,theraceconflictandsoon.Therefore,itisnecessarytocompareChineseandWesterntaboostoavoidunnecessaryculturalconflictandpromoteharmoniousdevelopmentofmankind.

Keywords:

taboos;culture;comparison;

Introduction

Inrecentyears,asinternationalculturalexchangesmoreandmorefrequent,opportunitiesforcross-culturalcommunicationbecomemoreandmore,cross-culturalcommunicationhasbecomeagenerallyacceptedvocabulary.TheleadercarriesoutthepoliticalnegotiationsiscarryingouttheTrans-Culturehumanrelationscross-culturalcommunication,makebusinessnegotiationswithforeignbusinessmenarealsoconductingcross-culturalcommunication,goabroadfortravel,studyorreceiptforeignersaredoingcross-culturalcommunication.OntheInternetchattingwithaforeignerisalsoconductingcross-culturalcommunication.

Cross-culturalcommunicationisastudy,itstudypeopleintheprocessofcross-culturalcommunicationproblemsandconflictsarise,aswellasitisknowledge.Cross-culturalcommunicationisInterculturalCommunicationinEnglish;itisalsocalledasisCross-culturalCommunication.AfterHall’s"silentworld"publication,Cross-CulturalCommunicationStudiesfirstemergeintheUS,cross-culturalCommunicationStudiesdevelopedquitelateinEurope.Tothemid-1970s,intheUnitedStateshavemorethan200universitiessetupcross-culturalcommunicationstudiescourses.Atpresent,InterculturalEducationTrainingandResearchInstituteSIETARplayanimportantroleintheWorld.

Inthecross-culturalcontact,thetabooisthemostsensitivetopic.Theculturaltaboo'sresearchhasbecomeanimportantcontentofcross-culturalcommunication.Theso-calledtabooisinthedailylifeeithertheworkforbidsorabstainedfromthepeopledothematterorsaidwords.Thetaboo’sEnglishcorrespondencewordistaboo.Thetabooistheculturalphenomenon,whichissharedbyworldvariousnationalities,buttaboo′stentandtheformisdifferent,tabooisubiquitousnearly,fromthedailylife,topoliticalandeconomiceachaspect.

1.Publicrelationsdecorumandcustomstaboo

InWesterncountries,itisnecessarytomakeanappointmentinadvanceforvisitingsomeone,andprohibitedvisitsuddenly.Becausevisitedsuddenlycandisruptinterviewee'sworkingarrangement,atthesametime,itcausegreatinconveniencehim.Chinesestartedtomakeanappointmentinthebusinesscircle,thepoliticalcircleevendailylife,butitnotstringent;visitsuddenlyisnotregardedasaseriousinfringement.Itispleasantlysurprisedbyasurprisevisit;itletpeoplethinkthatitisnotagreatlackofrespectforeachother.Inaddition,ChinaandtheWesternalsohavetheverybigdifferenceinthevisittime,iftheagreementis10o'clock,Chinesethinkthat10o'clockistheultimatedeadline;guestshouldnolaterthanteno'clockarrive,orfewminutesinadvance,becauseguestcan’tletthemasterwaitforalongtime;Butthewesternerthinkthat10o'clockistheearliestarrivaltime,itisbettertopostponeafewminutes,becausethemasterneedsufficienttimetoprepare.

Intheconversation，theWesternerrefusestoinvolvepersonalprivacy,suchasage,income,marriage,love,property,degreeofstoutnessandsoon.Personalprivacyisplacedinahighposition;eventheyregardthepriceofgoodsasaninfringementofprivacy,whichtheypurchase,throughthiswecanseetheWesternindividualism,theself-centerisserious.InChina,itisverynormalthingtotalkaboutincome,age,marriage,statureandsoon.“Whereareyou?

”oftenaskedinthetelephone,person'srelationsiscloser,insomeruralareas,peoplehelpotherastheirowningthingtodo,theirfirstconsiderationishowtohelpotherandwithoutconsideringother'swilling,theythinkitisreasonable.InChina,talkingaboutother’sweaknessesisatabooinconversation,thecriticismwordscannotspeakfrankly,mustexpresstactfully.

Inaddition,whentalkinginpublicplaces,Westernisabsolutelyforbiddentospeakloudly;peoplemakeaquietconversationtoavoidtheirownconversationaffectingotherpeople.InChina,Manypublicplacesarenoisy,ifyounotspeakloudly,youwouldn’thear,foralongtimeyouwillformthehabitthatyouspeakloudly,sometimesinaquietwesternrestaurant,youwouldn’tconsciouslyloudtalkingandlaughing.

Westernculturehasastricttabooaboutonemeter.Inbankorcustomsandsoon,peopleobservetheorderstrictly,andkeepaboutonemeterdistancewithpreviousone,avoidparticipatinginothers'conversation.ButChinanothassuchtaboos,whenliningup,thepersonandperson'sdistanceisverynear,sometimestheywouldprovidetheunexpectedwarm-heartedhelp.

2.Diettaboo

Foodtaboosbothincludethecontentofthedietandeatingway.Islamenvywitheatingpork,Hinduismenvywitheatingbeef,Buddhistenvywitheatingallkindsofmeat.Inwestern,wheneating,theknifeandforkenvywithmakingnoise.InChina,peopleenvywithusingchopsticksbeatbowl.

Specificallyspeaking,Westernersenvywithfat,chickenandduck'sskin,animal'sinternalorgans,dogmeat,snakemeatandsoon.Inthedietway,Westernersdrinksthesoupenvywithmakingnoise;whendining,Westernersenvywithgobble,inparticular,envyingwithusingknifeandforktobeatcup,theythinkitwouldbringbadluck;whenhavingbuffet,itisatabootoleftfoodinplate.WhenChinesehaveadining,theyenvythattheseatsnotdivideprimaryandsecondary;atthesametime,theyenvywithinsertingchopsticksinbowl,whichisfilledwithrice,becauseitisasacrificetothedeceasedperson;envyingwithflippingspatialbowlonthetable,becauseitwouldcursepersontofallill;envystrikethespatialbowlwiththechopsticks,becauseitisbummer'sbehavior;thepeoplelivinginseashore,theythinkthatitisataboototurnfishover,wheneatingfish,becauseitindicateshipwreck,atthesametime,itwouldbringbadlucktothem.DrinkingintheWestern,thereareallkindsofwine,buttheyenvywithabusingtodrink,beforemeal,theydrinkaperitif,andafterdinnerdrinkwhiskeyorcocktail,theydrinkchampagnetocelebrate.Chinesepeoplegenerallynotdrinkmanykindsofliquorinabanquet.

3.Festivaltaboo

ChristmasisanimportantfestivalinWesterncountries.Onthisday,peoplewillmakepuddings,eachmemberofthefamilyshouldstirthepuddingandtopromiseawish.Butithasataboothatdoesn’tcounterclockwisestirthepudding,onlyclockwise,andtheirwishcan′ttellanyone,otherwise,theirwishwillnoteffect.OnNewYear'sDay,WesternersthinkthatthefirstvisitwilldeterminetheNewYear’sluck,sotheynothopethatonewithredhair,faceisnotcorrect,orawomantovisit,theywillinviteamalefriendasthefirstonevisit,China'sSpringFestivalisthemostimportanttraditionalfestivals,onthisday,itistabootosay“over”,"nomore"andsoon,theyenvywithbreakinggoods,ifbroken,thepersonmustsay“besafeandsoundeveryyear”,infirstlunarmonthfirstday,itisatabootosweeptrash,becauseChinesethinkthatitwouldlettheirgoodluckloss.

Duringthefestivalperiod,somegiftwillbeexchange.Westernersenvywithsendingexpensivegift,becausesendingexpensivegiftwouldbeconsideredakindofbribery,atthesametime,itwouldbringalotoftroubletothereceiver.Inthecommercialcontact,envyingsendcheapgift,whichhasyourcompany′slogo,itwouldindicatethatyouarenotsincerityoryoumaketheadvertisementforyourcompany;gentlemanenvywithsendingcosmetics,clothing,perfumetolady,ifhedoit,itwouldindicatethatheisinterestedtotheladyWesterneroftentakefreshflowersastheirgift,anditisfastidioustosendflowers.Fristly,flowerscannotbesenttoanevennumber,becausethenumberofpairswillbringbadluck.Also,cannotsendwhiteflowers,intheiropiniontheChineseweddingceremonyusesthewhitelilyisinconceivable,becausethewhitefloweralwaysletspeo