初中英语语态用法及练习.docx
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初中英语语态用法及练习
初中英语分类练习
——谓语语态
英语动词有两种语态:
主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
例如:
Hewroteanovel.(主语he是动作wrote的执行者,是主动语态。
)
Theclassroomwascleanedbyhimyesterday.(主语theclassroom是动作的承受者,是被动语态。
)
知识点概述
一、被动语态的构成
英语动词的被动语态由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。
助动词be必须与主语的人称和数量保持一致,并有时态的变化。
例如:
Themanwasfooledbythetwoboys.
Thebookhasbeentranslatedintoseverallanguages.
被动语态的句子结构:
主语+be+过去分词
1、一般现在时
谓语:
例句:
Onelessonislearnedeachweek.
ForeignlanguagesarestudiedeverywhereinChina.
2、一般过去时
谓语:
例句:
Thishospitalwassetupjusttwoyearsago.
3、一般将来时
谓语:
例句:
Thisquestionwillbeansweredbytheheadmastertomorrow.
4、过去将来时
谓语:
例句:
Thephysicsteachersaidthattwoexperimentswouldbedonethenextweek.
5、现在完成时
谓语:
例句:
Ashasbeenpointedout,thehousingprobleminourdistricthasbasicallybeensolved.
6、过去完成时
谓语:
hadbeen+pp.
例句:
WhenIgottotheticketoffice,alltheticketshadbeensoldout.
7、现在进行时
谓语:
例句:
Thepatientsinward12arebeingtakencareofbyMissHoover.
8、过去进行时
谓语:
例句:
Shesaidherhousewasbeingpainted.
注:
及物的短语动词相当于一个及物动词,可以有被动语态,这类短语动词有:
turnon,turnoff,findout,laughat,lookafter,talkabout,thinkof/aboutover,bringabout,(引起;导至)putaway,makeout(认出),makeup(编;补尝),lookdownupon,
payattentionto,faceupto(面对)
二、被动语态的用法
(1)动作的执行者不知道是谁或难以说明时常用被动语态。
例如:
Streetlightsareoftenturnedonatsixinwinter.
Thenewtestbookwillbeusednextterm.
(2)当动作的承受者比起动作的执行者来说更能引起人们的关心而需要加以强调时,要用被动语态。
例如:
Thiskindofbicycleisnotsoldinourshop.
Thethiefwascaughtbyapolicemanyesterday.
(3)含有双宾语的句子,主动句中的间接宾语或者直接宾语都可变为被动语态中的一个主语,另一个保留不变。
变为主语的若是主动句中的直接宾语在变为间接宾语前则需加介词to或for。
例如:
Thepianistgavethepupilssomeadvice.
间接宾语直接宾语
→Thepupilsweregivensomeadvicebythepianist.
→Someadvicewasgiventothepupilsbythepianist.
(4)在主动语态句中动词make、have、let、see、watch、hear、feel等后接动词不定式作宾语补足语,动词不定式不加to。
但变成被动语态时后面的不定式都须加上to。
例如:
Thebossmadethemworktenhoursaday.
→Theyweremadetoworktenhoursaday.
Aboysawhimenterthehouse.
→Hewasseentoenterthehouse.
三、被动语态的时态
初中英语教材中出现了五种时态的被动语态及带有情态动词的被动语态。
(1) 一般现在时
构成:
助动词be+动词的过去分词
例如:
Thiskindofcarismadeinshanghai.
Englishisspokeninmanycountries.
(2) 一般过去时
构成:
助动词was/were+动词的过去分词
例如:
Thebridgewasbuiltin1992.
Wasthisnovelwrittenbyhisfather?
(3) 一般将来时
构成:
will/begoingtodo+be+动词的过去分词
例如:
Thesebooksaregoingtobepostedtomorrow.
Thebabywillbetakengoodcareofinthehospital.
(4) 现在完成时
构成:
助动词have/has+been+动词的过去分词
例如:
Hashisworkbeenfinished?
Wehaven’tbeeninvitedtotheparty.
(5) 现在进行时
构成:
be+being+动词的过去分词
例如:
Anewbridgeisbeingbuiltinmyhometown.
Theproblemisbeingdiscussedbythestudents.
(6) 带有情态动词的被动语态
构成:
情态动词+be+动词的过去分词
例如:
Canthiswalkmanberepairedhere?
Yourcompositionmustbehandedintomorrow.
二、复习时需要注意的要点
(1)由主动语态改为被动语态的步骤:
①主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态句中的主语;
②主动语态句中的动词改为相应的被动语态;
③主动语态句中的主语变为被动语态句中by的宾语。
(2)主动语态句中的谓语动词带有双宾语,即直接宾语和间接宾语时,转换方法有两种:
①把间接宾语转化为主语,保留直接宾语
②把直接宾语转化为主语,保留间接宾语。
此时,一般需在间接宾语前加适当的介词。
(3)在短语seesb.dosth.中,动词see后跟不带to的不定式作宾补。
改为被动语态时要加上to。
用于这一结构的谓语动词一般是表示知觉的动词如see,hear等,以及使役动词make,let等。
实战演练
一、例题选讲
例1
Jack(be)inhospitalnow.He(send)thereyesterday.
答案:
Is,wassent
提示:
由于now表示的是现在,会想到用现在进行时,而这里的动词be表示状态,不能用进行时,句子的主语he是动作的承受者,要用被动语态。
例2
Macao(return)toChinaonDecember20,1999.
答案:
returned
提示:
本句有一个明确的时间状语,要用一般过去时。
句意是“1999年12月20日澳门回归祖国”。
return既可作及物动词,也能作不及物动词。
由于本句立足于“澳门在1999年回归”,不强调“由谁归还”这一动作,所以一般用主动语态。
例3
Mybike(move)awayfromthisside.Iaskedthemanwhythis(do).
答案:
hasbeenmoved,hadbeendone
提示:
第一句主要陈述此事与现在有关,用现在完成时,第二句从句中的动作发生在主句前,主句用一般过去时,从句要用过去完成时。
这两句中的动作均有被动意义,要用被动语态。
例4
Alotofwater(waste)everyday.It’saseriousproblem
答案:
iswasted
提示:
表示每天都如此的习惯性状态,用一般现在时,水是“被浪费的”,要用被动语态。
例5
Whenwetclothesarehungupnearafire,steamcansoonbeseen(rise)fromthem.
答案:
rising
提示:
这道题是被动语态,要求用非谓语动词作主语补足语,现在分词和动词不定式都是非谓语动词,两者都可以作宾语补足语或主语补足语,但用法不同。
现在分词作补语时,表示动作正在进行。
此句是表示水蒸气正在从湿衣服上升起,用现在分词表示。
例6
Astrangemanwasseen(enter)theofficetenminutesago.
答案:
toenter
提示:
这道题也是被动语态,要求用非谓语动词形式填空。
用动词不定式作补语表示动作的全过程。
句中的“进入”,是十分钟前看到的动作的全过程,用不定式表示。
在主动句中省略“to”,在被动句中要加“to”。
初中英语分类练习
——谓语语态
Ⅰ.把下列主动语态改为被动语态:
1. WeoftenusearecorderinourEnglishclass.
2. Theywillshowanewfilmnextweek.
3. Whendidtheybuildthehouse?
4. Isawtheboyentertheroom.
5. Willtheyshowanewfilmnextweek?
6. Havetheypostedtheletteryet?
7. Weoftenseehimhelphisclassmate.
8. Youmustturnoffthelightbeforeyougotobe.d
9. Whoisrepairingthebike?
10. Thestudentshouldlearnallthetextsbyheart.
Ⅱ.选择填空:
1.Thereadingroom________yesterdayafternoon.
A.cleanedB.iscleanedC.wascleaningD.wascleaned
2.Theworkersweremade________tenhoursaday.
A.workB.toworkC.workingD.worked
3.Food________inacoolplaceinsummer.
A.mustkeepB.mustn’tkeepC.mustbekeptD.mustn’tbekept
4.Hisfather________toworkinHongKong3yearsago.
A.sentB.wassentC.hassentD.hasbeensent
5.Thepen________well.
A.writesB.iswrittenC.waswrittenD.writing
6.Greatchanges________inthetownsince1988.
A.havetakenplaceB.havebeentakenplace
C.hastakenplaceD.hasbeentakenplace
7.Ourcompositionsmust________nextMonday.
A.behandinB.behandedinC.handedinD.behandingin
8.Thechildwill________backtohisparentsnextmonth.
A.sentB.sendC.besentD.besending
9.________hiswork________yet?
A.have…beenfinishedB.has…beenfinished
C.has…finishedD.have…finished
10.Theclassroom________now
A.iscleaningB.isbeingcleaning
C.isbeingcleanedD.iscleaned
Ⅲ.用适当时态和语态的动词填空:
1. Canhe________(speak)English?
2. Whatlanguage________(speak)inthatcountry?
3. Thefilm________(show)manytimessincelastSunday.
4. TheseTVsets________(make)inSiChuan.
5. Ithasgotsodark.Wouldyouplease________(turn)onthelight?
6. Anewhospital________(build)inthisareanow.
7. ________thebook________(return).
8. Rice________(grow)inthesouth.
9. Thewindow________(notbreak)bytheboy.
10. I________(tell)he________(notcome)justnow.
Ⅳ.将下列句子改为被动语态,并根据情况保留或去掉动作的执行者
1.Theywillsaynothingmoreaboutthismatter.
2.Theyhavemadesomeflowersofsilk.
3.Hewroteapoem.
4.Thestudentsareplantingsometreesandflowers.
5.Theyaretoopenupanewbusinessnextweek.
6.Childrencouldn’thavedoneallthisdamage.
7.Allofuswillseehimoffattheairport.
8.Theyfeedthetigersatthezoothreetimesaday.
9.Youmusthandinyourhomeworkbeforefive.
10.Peoplesaythatsheisagoodteacher.
Ⅴ.用所给动词的正确形式填空
1.English________(speak)inmanycountries.
2.Informationinshort-termmemory________(can,not,keep)verylong.
3.Afterthat,oneofthelights_______(turnoff)andtherathadtowaitforashorttime.
4.Justafewyearsago,tomatoes_______(believe)tohavemagicalpowers,makingpeoplewhoatethemfallinlove.
5.Itissaidnewcopiesofthebook_______(print)now.
6.Theoldhouse_______(pull)downnextmonth.
7.Intheolddays,thechildren_______(takecareof)bythemotherbecauseshedidnotworkoutsidethehouse.
8.Needlesstosay,thesecondlistofwords___(can,remember)moreeasilythanthefirstone.
9.She_______(send)toanothervillagewhenIgotthere.
10.Theteachersaidthatwe_________(give)anotherchancesometimenextmonthifwefailedintheexam.
参考答案
I、1.ArecorderisoftenusedinourEnglishclass.
2.Anewfilmwillbeshownbythennextweek.
3.Whenwasthehousebuiltbythem?
4.Theboywasseentoentertheroom.
5.Willanewfilmbeshownbythemnextweek?
7.Heisoftenseentohelphisclassmate.
8.Thelightmustbeturnedoffbeforeyougotobed.
9.Whoisthebikebeingrepairedby?
(Bywhomisthebikebeingrepaired?
)
10.Allthetextsshouldbelearnedbyheartbythestudents.
II、
1.D2.B3.C4.B5.A6.A7.B8.C9.B10.C
III、
1.speak2.isspoken3.hasbeenshown
4.aremade5.turn6.isbeingbuilt
7.Hasreturned8.isgrown9.wasn’tbroken
10.wastolddidn’tcome
Ⅳ.1.Nothingmorewillbesaidaboutthismatter.
2.Someflowersofsilkhavebeenmadebythem.
3.Apoemwaswrittenbyhim.
4.Sometreesandflowersarebeingplantedbythestudents.
5.Anewbusinessistobeopenedupnextweek.
6.Allthisdamagecouldn’thavebeendonebychildren.
7.Hewillbeseenoffattheairportbyallofus.
8.Thetigersatthezooarefedthreetimesaday(bythem).
9.Yourhomeworkmustbehandedinbeforefive(byyou).
10.Itissaidthatsheisagoodteacher.(Thatsheisagoodteacherissaidbythem.)
Ⅴ.1.isspoken2.cannotbekept3.wasturnedoff4.werebelieved
5.arebeingprinted6.willbepulled7.weretakencareof
8.canberemembered9.hadbeensent10.wouldbegiven