澳大利亚历史人物.docx

澳大利亚历史人物.docx

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澳大利亚历史人物

Prominentpeople

ofAustralianHistory

Aselectionofpeople,andiconiclegends,ofAustralianhistory. 

Manythousandscouldbelistedhere,however,hereareaselectedfew:

TheBarcaldinestrikeleaders

The1891Shearers'Strike,centredaroundBarcaldineinQueensland,duringthedepressionofthe1890s,wasinresponsetothepastoralists'reactiontofallingwoolpricesofintendingtoreducetheshearers'wages.Duringtheunrest,thecolonialadministrationorderedthearrestoftheshearers'leadersonchargesofseditionandconspiracy.Theeventualfailureofthestrikebrokeworkermilitancy战斗性andledtotheformationofalabourpoliticalmovementtorepresenttheinterestsofworkingpeople.

ArthurCalwell

Born28August1896,WestMelbourne,Victoria 

Died8July1973 

ArthurCalwellwasAustralia'sfirstMinisterforImmigration（1945to1949）,andlaterbecametheleaderoftheAustralianLaborParty（1960to1967）.HewasthechiefarchitectofAustralia'spost-warimmigrationscheme,andpopularisedtheslogan"populateorperish".Alsowell-knownforhismuch-misquotedcomment"TwoWongsdon'tmakeaWhite".Hisimmigrationprogramco-incidedwithaperiodwhenAustralianindustrywasgrowingrapidlyandsufferingfromshortagesofskilledandsemi-skilledlabour.AlthoughhewasanadvocatefortheWhiteAustraliaPolicy,itisinterestingtonotethatCalwellspokeChineseandhadagreatrespectforAsiancultures. 

See:

 ArthurCalwell 

See:

 ArthurCalwell 

http:

//www.fact-

CarolineChisholm

Born1808,England 

Died1877 

CarolineChisholmarrivedinAustraliain1838andsetupahomeforotherwomenwhohadcometolivehere.SheworkedtoimprovelifeontheshipsbringingpeopletoAustraliatostartanewlifeandstartedaloansplantobringpoorchildrenandfamiliestoAustralia.ShearrangedfreetripssothatthefamiliesofconvictswhoweretransportedtoAustraliacouldcometojointhem.

CaptainCook

Born27October1728,Marton,Yorkshire,England 

Died14February1779,clubbedandstabbedtodeathbythenot-so-friendlynativesinHawaii 

JamesCookwasappointedin1768tocommandHMBark Endeavour,tocarryscientiststotheSouthSeasonobservethetransitofVenusacrossthesun（duetooccurin1769）,andtoexploretheSouthPacificfortheGreatSouthLandthatwasbelievedtoexist（referredtoasNewHolland,asDutchexplorershadclaimedtohavesightedthewestandnorthcoasts）.Afterthescientists'Venusobservationswerecompleted,CookchartedtheNewZealandcoastline,andthensailedwestwardtofindtheeastcoastofNewHolland（Australia）.Landwassightedon20April1770atwhatwasnamedPointHicks,thenhesailednorth,landingatBotanyBay,setsailagain,andthenlandedonPossessionIslandon22August1770whereheformallyclaimedthewholeeastcoastforBritain,namingitNewSouthWales.

JohnCurtin

Born1885,Creswick,Victoria 

Died5July1945,Canberra,ACT 

Australia'swartimePrimeMinister.WaselectedsecretaryoftheTimber-Worker'sUnioninVictoriain1911.In1916,whenBillyHugheswastryingtointroduceconscription,CurtinbecamesecretaryoftheVictorianAnti-ConscriptionCampaignCommitteeandwassentencedtothreemonths'jailforhisspeechesinoppositiontoconscription;although,afteranappeal,hewasreleasedhavingservedonlythreedaysofhissentence.CurtinenteredFederalParliamentastheMemberforFremantlein1928;andformedaLaborGovernmentin1941thatgovernedAustraliathroughtherestoftheSecondWorldWar.CurtinarguedwithChurchillforthesendingofAustralia'sforcesbacktoNewGuineatofightoffsuccessfullytheJapanesethrust（untiltheUnitedStatescouldmobiliseforthedrivebacktoJapan）,andhebattled（unsuccessfully）withbothChurchillandRoosevelttohavethePacificwaragainsttheJapanesegiventhesamepriorityastheEuropeanwaragainsttheGermans.WhilehisGovernmentreorganisedthewareffortandprovidedAustraliawithitsownaircraft,guns,tanks,munitionsandsoldiers,theyalsoarrangedwidows'pensions,unemploymentbenefits,aswellasplanninganAustralianGovernmentairlineandasystemoffreehospitals.Curtindidnotlivetoseetheendofthewarortoseehispost-warreconstructionpoliciescometofulfilment,ashediedinJuly1945.CurtinisregardedasoneofthegreatestAustralianPrimeMinisters.

DanielDeniehy

Born16thAugust1828,Sydney,NSW 

Died22ndOctober1865,Bathurst,NSW 

DanielHenryDeniehywaselectedtotheNSWLegislativeAssemblyin1857and1860,withhismainaimtoopenuppubliclandstotheworkingclass.HehelpedformtheNewSouthWalesElectoralReformLeague,inordertopushforgreaterdemocracy.Healsofoundedhisownnewspaperin1859,the SouthernCross,toreviewpublicaffairs,fosternationalsentiment,andworktowardsthefederationofthecolonies. 

See:

 DanielDeniehy:

RepublicanPatriot 

.au/~natinfo/1deniehy.htm

C.J.Dennis

Born7September1876,Auburn,SouthAustralia 

Died22June1938,Melbourne 

C.J.Dennis,poetandjournalist,waspopularinAustraliaforhisdown-to-earthworks,writteninthevernacularofthetimes.In1913Dennispublishedavolumetitled Backblockballadsandotherverses,butitwasnotafinancialsuccess.Immediatesuccesswasachievedwith TheSongsofasentimentalbloke,alovestorywritteninslang,whichwaspublishedinOctober1915;threeeditionswererequiredin1915,ninein1916,andby1976fifty-seveneditionshadbeenpublishedinAustralia,England,Canada,andtheUSA. 

See:

PerryMiddlemiss'sitere. C.J.Dennis 

http:

//www.middlemiss.org/lit/authors/denniscj

MaryGilmore

Born1864（MaryCameron）,CottaWalla（nearGoulburn）,NewSouthWales 

Died1962 

MaryGilmorewasateacherandwriter.Shewastheeditorofthewomen’spagesoftheAustralian Workernewspaperfor23years.ShejoinedWilliamLane's"NewAustralia"utopianexperimentsettlementinParaguay,andmarriedWilliamGilmoretherein1897（theybothreturnedtoAustraliain1902）.Awell-knownAustralianpoet,hermostpopularpieceis"NoFoeShallGatherOurHarvest".

NedKelly

Birthdateunknown,commonlybelievedtobebetweenNovember1854andJanuary1855,atBeveridge（25milesnorthofMelbourne）,Victoria 

Diedonthe11thNovember1880,hungatMelbourneGaol,Victoria 

NedKellyisAustralia'smostfamousbushranger.Saidtohavebeenforcedintobushrangingbythepolice,whowerelookingtoshoothim,heandhisgangrobbedbanksratherthanrobbingcommonfolk.TheKellyganghadmanyactivesupportersandawidefollowing,andhemadeplansfortheestablishingaRepublicofNorthEastern.NedwascapturedatGlenrowan,andwastriedatMelbourne,wherehewassentencedtodeathbyhanging. 

See:

 NedKelly:

AustralianIronOutlaw 

incl. ahistoryoftheKellyGang 

ThemenofKokoda-thesavioursofAustralia

1942 

TheNewGuineacampaign,whichincludedMilneBayandwastypifiedbytheKododaTrack,isseenasadefiningmomentinAustralia'shistory.ThiswaswherethepreceivedinvincibilityoftheJapaneseArmywasfirstseentobebroken.ThecourageandheroismofourtroopsontheKokodaTrackisoneoftheproudestandandmostmemorableepisodesinAustralia'swartimehistory. 

See:

 TheKokodaTrackMemorialWalkway 

.au 

incl.animpressive map[§ionaldiagram]ofKokodaTrack 

.au/stations/map.html 

See:

 BattleForAustralia 

http:

//www.battleforaustralia.org.au/kokoda1.html

TheLambingFlatRebellion

1861 

TheLambingFlatRebellionwasaseriesofviolentanti-ChinesedemonstrationsthattookplacearoundtheLambingFlat（nowYoung）areaofNewSouthWales.TheMiners'ProtectiveLeaguedemandedparliamentaryrepresentation,protectionofindustry,andtheexpulsionoftheChinese.IthasbeensaidthatitwasthisrebellionthatwasthestartingpointfortheeventualWhiteAustraliaPolicyatFederation.

JackLang

Born21December1876,Sydney,NSW 

Died27September1975,Auburn,NSW 

JohnThomasLang（familiarlyknownas"Jack",andnicknamed"TheBigFella"）wasTreasurerintheNSWLaborgovernmentof1920-21,andPremierandTreasureroftheStatetwice（1925-27and1930-32）.Hisfirsttermbroughtmanysignificantinnovations,includingchildendowment,widows'pensions,increasedworkers'compensationrates,reversiontothe44-hourweek,abolitionofsecondaryschoolfees,andvotesforallinlocalgovernmentelections.Lang'ssecondterm,whichcoincidedwiththeworstyearsoftheGreatDepression,endedwiththedismissalofhisgovernmentbytheStateGovernor（SirPhilipGame）.Lang'sdismissalarosefromhisrefusaltopayinterestongovernmentloansborrowedfromfinanciersintheUnitedKingdomattheheightoftheGreatDepression.

JohnDunmoreLang

Born1799 

Died1878 

TheRev.JohnDunmoreLangwas,besidesbeingaministerofreligion,arepublicanorator,writerandpoliticalorganizer,whocampaignedforarepublicinthe1840sand1850s,puttingforwardhisplanfora"UnitedStatesofAustralia,thegreatrepublicoftheSouthernSeas".Langlobbiedfortheendoftransportation,whichhesawasanendlessconduitofiniquitypouringintotheColony. 

See:

 JohnDunmoreLang-Patriot,Republican,Statesman,Evangelical,&Engima 

.au/~gsmunro/TEXT/essays/Lang.html 

See:

 JohnDunmoreLangBicentenary1999 

http:

//www.emmanuel.uq.edu.au/Lang/