高中英语 unit4 第4课时unitRevision练习 新人教版必修3.docx
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高中英语unit4第4课时unitRevision练习新人教版必修3
2021年高中英语unit4第4课时unitRevision练习新人教版必修3
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(xx·潍坊一中高一4月月考)
SurfaceExploration.Robotsmakegreatexplorersonplanets,moons,andotherlandingareas.Asidefromearth,justabouteverysurfaceinthesolarsystemisunsafeforhumanstoexplore.Theaironmostotherplanetsisinsufficient(不足的)forhumanstobreathe,makingitnecessarytowearaspacesuitandoxygenequipment.Thetemperaturesonthesesurfacesaremuchtoohotormuchtoocoldforanyhumanstowithstand.Plustherewouldbeplicationswithradiation,weather,andalackofgravity.Robotshavemuchlesslimitationintheseareasandcansurvivemuchlongerundertheseconditions.
DataCollection.Robotsaredesignedforcollectingscientificdata.Robotsarealsoabletoperformmanytasksatatimeandcanprocessinformationmuchquickerandmoreefficiently.Importantscientificprojectsfromdetectingminerals,analyzinggroundsamples,andfindingwaterareallperformedmuchquickerandmoreaccurately(精确地)byrobots.
CostEffective.Theuseofrobotshasmadethecostofspaceexplorationmuchlessexpensivethanitwouldcostforhumanstodothework.Inordertosuccessfullysendhumansintospacewewouldneedtobuildavehiclethatcannotonlycarryhumans,butalsoenoughfoodandwatertokeepthemaliveforthedurationofthetrip.Moreover,robotshavenoproblemsworkingforhoursonend.Robotsneverplain,theydon'trequirefoodorwater,andtheyneverneedabathroombreak.
SpaceTravel.Overthepast30yearsorsotherehavebeenmanydifferenttypesofrobotsusedsuccessfullyintheexplorationofspace.PerhapsthemostfamousandsuccessfulrobotsaretheSpiritandOpportunitywhohavebothbeenexploringthesurfaceofMars.TheyhavebothbeenverysuccessfulwithexperimentsonsoilandrocksandhaveevenfoundevidenceofwaterinMars'history.
文章大意:
本文主要介绍了机器人是如何在一些星球上进行太空探索及与人相比所占的优势及所起的作用等等。
1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?
A.Theuseofrobotsinspaceexplorationcostsmorethantheuseofhumans.
B.Itmaybedangerousforhumanstoexplorethesolarsystemexcepttheearth.
C.BoththeSpiritandOpportunityhavefoundtheevidenceofwaterintheMars.
D.Manydifferenttypesofrobotshaveexploredthespacesuccessfully.
答案:
A 细节理解题。
由第三段Theuseofrobotshavemadethecostofspaceexplorationmuchlessexpensivethanitwouldcostforhumanstodothework.可知使用机器人进行太空探索比人类做这项工作花费更少,因此A项说花费更多是错误的。
2.Whichcolumncouldthepassageefrom?
A.Education. B.Finance.
C.Travel.D.Science.
答案:
D 推理判断题。
本文主要介绍机器人在太空探索中的运用,这应该属于科学栏目,故选D项。
3.Theunderlinedword“withstand”mostprobablymeans“________”.
A.ariseB.bear
C.defeatD.diverse
答案:
B 词义猜测题。
前面提到这些星球的表面太热或太冷应该是会让人难以忍受,故选B项,bear意为“忍受”。
4.Whatisthewriter'sattitudeinthispassage?
A.Negative.B.Persuasive.
C.Subjective.D.Objective.
答案:
D 推理判断题。
纵观全文可知作者只是客观地介绍了机器人在太空探索中的使用,并未带有否定的、说服性的或者是主观的看法,故选D项。
5.Whilesendinganastronautintothespace,weshouldconsiderthefollowingEXCEPT________.
A.theradiationB.theoxygen
C.thedietD.thealien
答案:
D 细节理解题。
由第一段“Theaironmostotherplanetsisinsufficient(不足的)forhumanstobreathe,…Plustherewouldbeplicationswithradiation,weather,andalackofgravity.”可知,有A、B项;由第三段“Inordertosuccessfullysendhumansintospacewewouldneedtobuildavehiclethatcannotonlycarryhumans,butalsoenoughfoodandwatertokeepthemaliveforthedurationofthetrip.”可知,有C项。
所以选择D项。
B
Ofalltheplanets,nonehascapturedtheworld'simaginationlikeMars.Itsreddishcolorandchangesinbrightnessovertimemaketheplanetanunforgettablesight.
InCosmos,thetelevisionscienceseriesfromthe1980s,scientistCarlSagantalkedaboutsometraditionalideasaboutMars.SomeoftheseideasarefromtheEnglishsciencefictionwriterH.G.Well'sTheWaroftheWorlds.OthersarefromthemistakenscienceofPercivalLowell,theAmericanastronomerwhobelievedintelligentbeingslivedonMars.WellsdescribedMartiansasthreatening.Lowellimaginedthemasthehopefulengineersofgreatworks.CarlSagansaidthatbothideasinfluencedthepublicdeeply.
Today,Marscontinuestoexcitehumans—notastheobjectofsciencefictionbutofscientificstudy.Spacescientistshavecollectedawealthofinformationfromspacecraftsthathaveorbited,landedonanddugintotheMartiansurface.
TheSmithsonian'sMarsDayofferedachanceforpeopleofallagestotouchMars,oratleastapieceofit.AllisonandAlyciafromSilverSpring,Maryland,broughttheirchildren,Grace,Sam,RyanandEmma.TheyheardaboutMarsanditsgeologyfromexperts.TheycouldseeatestversionoftheVikinglandersthatreachedMarsinJulyof1976.Theyalsosawmeteorites(陨星)knowntohaveefromthered,orreddishplanet.EightyearoldSamlearnedthattheancientdescriptionofMarsasredisnotexactlyright.Hesaid,“It'sactuallyorangishmorethanredandit'salsokindofbrown.”Emmaissix.ShelearnedaboutthevolcanicactivitythathasshapedthesurfaceofMars.Shesaid,“TheclosestthingtoMars—thestuff—isfromvolcanoesmostly.”
MarsDayofferedAllisonandAlycia'schildrenachancetolearnmoreaboutaworldthattheyareverylikelytosetfootonwithintheirlifetimes.
文章大意:
在“火星日”,人们可以对火星有更好的了解和认识。
6.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?
A.WhyMartianswereconsideredthreatening.
B.WhyMarshascapturedtheworld'simagination.
C.WhatpeoplegenerallythoughtofMarsinthepast.
D.HowH.G.Wellsgottheideaforhissciencefiction.
答案:
C 主旨大意题。
通读第二段,可知主要是讲人们关于火星的一些传统认识,故选C。
7.ItisimpliedinParagraph3that________.
A.today'sspacescientistsstillknownothingaboutMars
B.today'sspacescientistsareveryinterestedinMars
C.sciencefictionfilmsarenolongersetinMars
D.spacescientistshaven'tmadeanyprogressinknowingMars
答案:
B 推理判断题。
根据第三段的“Today,Marscontinuestoexcitehumans—notastheobjectofsciencefictionbutofscientificstudy.”以及后一句“Spacescientistshavecollectedawealthofinformation...”可推断现在的航天科学家们对火星很感兴趣。
8.Samwouldprobablyagreethat________.
A.Marsisnotreallyred
B.nometeoriteshaveefromMars
C.Marscannotbedescribedasalittlebrown
D.theancientdescriptionofMars'coloristrue
答案:
A 推理判断题。
根据第四段的“Hesaid,‘It'sactuallyorangishmorethanredandit'salsokindofbrown.'”可知Sam认为火星并不是红色的,而是橘黄色甚至带点褐色,故选A。
9.Whatisthewriter'sattitudetowardtheideathathumanswillsetfootonMars?
A.Hethinksitmayhappeninthisyear.
B.Hethinksilwillalwaysremainadream.
C.Hethinksitwilletruewithinhundredsofyears.
D.Hethinksitmayhappeninthefollowingdecades.
答案:
D 推理判断题。
根据末段的“aworldthattheyareverylikelytosetfootonwithintheirlifetimes”可知作者认为人类在接下来的几十年内就有可能登上火星。
10.TheSmithsonian'sMarsDaymightNOTofferpeopleachanceto________.
A.learnaboutthesurfaceofMars
B.seeatestversionofsomeVikinglanders
C.seemeteoritesknowntohaveefromMars
D.sitinaspacecrafttoexperiencethelifeofanastronaut
答案:
D 细节理解题。
通读全文,可知作者并没有提到在火星日,前往参观的人可以坐在宇宙飞船里体验宇航员的生活,故选D。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(xx·淮北一中高一期末)
“Kevin,wearegettingadivorce,”saidmymother.Myheartplunged(急降).Iwas9yearsoldandIthoughtthatmylifewasgoingto__1__.MybrotherandIweregoingtomovewithmymothertosouthernCalifornia.Mydadwasto__2__inNewJerseybecauseofwork.Myfamilywassplittingapart.
Nowthatmymomisa__3__parent,Idomyownlaundry,makedinneranddoextrachoresaroundthehouse.__4__itwashardatfirst,Inowrecognizethepositive__5__thatthisresponsibilityhadonme.Mymothergavemethese__6__anddutiessothatIwouldlearntobeeself-disciplined(自律的)andtrustworthy.
Istrivetoshowthese__7__inmylife,andhaveseenthebenefits.WhenIwasonly11yearsold,my__8__toldmethathewasselectingmeassoccerteamcaptainbecauseofmydeterminationandabilitytogetmyteammatesto__9__themselves.We__10__thechampionship,butIwonthefairplayawardforkeepingmyteamtogether.
IamalwaysdeterminedtobeanindividualandnotparticipateinanythingthatIfeelis__11__.Iam,forexample,extremely__12__ofmydecisionnottodrinkalcohol.Personally,Idon'tfeeltheneedtodrinktohavefun,andIstandbymydecisionevenwhenotherstryto__13__me.
Mymomanddadbothfoundnew__14__andhappilyremarried.Iam__15__closetomyfather,eventhoughhelives4,800kmaway.Ithoughtmyparents'divorcewasgoingtobetheworstthingthat__16__happenedtome.Ironically(讽刺的是),itturnedouttobethe__17__.Iwasn'twillingtoletit__18__mylifewithoutputtingupafight,andneitherwasmyfamily.
Atage9,Ifoughtwiththeconfusionand__19__ofdivorce.Today,atage16,Iunderstandthat__20__canbringopportunityandsuccess,andthathardwork,determinationandselfdisciplinecanturnyourworsttimeintoyourbesttime.
文章大意:
本文讲述了作者父母离婚并没有带来任何负面的影响,反而给作者带来了更多的机会和成功。
1.A.fallapart B.standout
C.carryonDetrue
答案:
A 考查短语辨析。
A.fallapart崩溃;B.standout突出,坚持;C.carryon继续同一方向的航行;D.etrue变为现实。
根据前一句Myheartplunged(急降)我的心猛地一沉,由此可知我认为我的生活将会崩溃。
故选A。
2.A.fightB.remain
C.acpanyD.practice
答案:
B 考查动词。
A.fight吵架;B.remain保持;C.acpany陪同;D.practice联系。
根据后句Myfamilywassplittingapart.可知我的父亲因为工作仍然在新泽西。
故选B。
3.A.carelessB.cruel
C.niceD.single
答案:
D 考查形容词。
A.careless粗心的;B.cruel残忍的;C.nice美好的;D.single单身的。
由上文的父母离婚可知我母亲成为单亲母亲。
故选D。
4.A.AlthoughB.Because
C.IfD.Since
答案:
A 考查连词。
A.Although尽管;B.Because因为;C.If如果;D.Since自从。
根据后句Inowrecognizethepositive__5__thatthisresponsibilityhadonme.可知这里是转折关系,故用however。
尽管起初很难。
故选A。
5.A.attitudeB.experience
C.effectD.situation
答案:
C 考查名词。
A.attitude态度;B.experience经验;C.effect影响;D.situation状况。
这里考查短语havethe