Modal Verbs情态动词.docx

Modal Verbs情态动词.docx

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ModalVerbs情态动词

ModalVerbs

情态动词

情态动词

表示说话的语气或情态。

情态动词本身有词义，但不完全，不能单独作谓语，必须和动词一起构成谓语。

情态动词没有人称和数的变化。

大多数情态动词有过去式。

主要情态动词

Can

May

Will

Must

Shall

Need

Dare

Hadbetter

Wouldsooner

Wouldassoon

Could

Might

Would

Haveto

Should

Oughtto

Usedto

Wouldrather

mightaswell

情态动词问题解析:

maybe&maybe

Maybe（可能是）---maybe（或许）（副词）

Thenewsmaybetrue.

Maybethenewsistrue.

Shemaybewaitingforyouathome.

Maybesheiswaitingforyouathome.

Maynot&cannot

maynot译为“可能不”、“也许不会”而非“不可以”。

“不可以”为mustnot或can‘t（不许，不可以）。

---MayIsmokehere?

---No,youmustn’t./youcan’t/youcannot.

Thenewsmaynotbetrue.

Youmustn’tmoveanyofthepapersonthedesk.

Can&beableto

Beableto可以表示更多的时态。

Wewillbeabletofinishtheworktomorrow.

Hewasnotabletorealizehisgreatestambition.

Areyouabletodesignanewcomputerprogram?

Shehasnotbeenabletoworkoutthecomplexproblem.

oughtto的否定式

oughtto的否定式是oughtnotto，疑问句只把ought提前。

Yououghttoberesponsibleforyourself.

Weoughtnottolookdownondisabledpeople.

Oughtwetocountonhimforthesettlementofthedebate?

Must

Mustdo

Mustbe

Musthavedone

Must的反意疑问句

Imustgetupatsix,___？

Shemustbeintheclassroomnow,_____?

Theymusthavehadgreattroubletryingtogetthere,____?

用must提问时的回答

肯定回答：

must

否定回答：

needn’t或don’t/doesn’thaveto

MustIcomeasearlyas6tomorrowmorning?

Yes,youmust.

No,youneedn’t./No,youdon’thaveto.

Mustn’t&Needn’t

Musthearriveveryearly?

No,hedoesn’thaveto/No,heneedn’t.

Must&haveto

Must:

主观上认为“必须”作某事。

Haveto:

受客观情况迫使而“不得不”作某事

Youmustworkhardernowifyouwanttofindasatisfactoryjobaftergraduation.

Childreninremoteareashavetoquitschoolsimplybecausetheirparentscannotaffordtheireducation.

Imusthelphim.{obligation,responsibility}

Ihavetohelphim.{unwillingness）

Must&haveto的否定

否定must表示“禁止，不允许，一定不要”

否定don’thaveto表示“不必,不一定非得,不一定要”

Wemustn’tputoffthetripnomatterwhathappens.

Wedon’thavetoputoffthetrip,althoughitrains.

Must&haveto时态的区别

Must只用于现在,而haveto则可用于不同时态。

用hadto表示过去,用willhaveto表示将来。

Wehadtoresorttoforceinthatcase.

Wewillhavetoreconsiderthewholethingifthisplanfails.

Onemusthavefaithinlife.

haveto

haveto的疑问句和否定句都要用助动词do/does，过去式则用did。

Dowehavetowaitforhimtostartdinner?

Doeshehavetoshowyoutheticketstoenterthecinema?

DidIhavetodotheothertaskaswell?

Youdon’thavetocomeinperson.

Shedoesn’thavetobringherdictionary.

Wedidn’thavetomakepreparationsforthequiz.

Need&dare

Need&dare既能作实义动词，又能作情态动词。

Need&dare在肯定句中，通常为实义动词，后面的不定式要带to，单数第三人称加s，有时态变化。

Need&dare作情态动词时，多用于否定句和疑问句。

Examples

Sheneedstoworkevenharderifshewantstosucceedinherstudy.

Hedarestospeakthetruth.

Doyouneedtotakeabreak?

Theydidn’tdaretodisobey.

Needheleavesosoon?

Youneedn’thavedonealltheheavywork.

Shedarenotgohomelateatnight.

HowdareyousayIamunfair?

mightaswell

mightaswell译为“不妨”表示规劝。

YoumightaswellwaittoseewhatIcandoforyou.

Youmightaswellleavenow.

Wemightaswelltryasecondtimetoseewhat’swrongwiththeequipment.

beto可视为情态动词

beto的三种意义

①系表结构

Mydutyisinstructstudentsonwhatiswrongandwhatisright.

②将来时的特殊表达法

Iwastogobackhomewhenthephonecalled.

③“应当”“规定是”可视为情态动词–besupposedto

Youaretoobeytheschoolrulesandregulations.

Wouldrather

表意愿：

Iwouldrather/soonernotgothereonmyown.

表选择：

Shewouldratherdiethansurrendertotheenemy.

（句型Wouldratherdosth.thandosth.else）

表虚拟：

wouldrathersb.did/didn’tdosth.

Iwouldratheryoudidn’tdoanythingforthetimebeing.

Usedto&would

情态动词usedto表“过去常常做”。

往往含有“不再如此”之意。

Would只能表示动作，不能表示状态。

而usedto都可以。

.

Hewouldasktheteachersomestrangequestions.

Heusedtoasktheteacher……

Heusedtobemuchbetteroffthanheisnow.

Hewouldbemuch……（wrong）

MoreInformation

Would侧重叙述过去,而usedto强调过去和现在的对比。

Sometimesshewouldgivemesomepleasantsurprises.

Mymotherusedtobehot-tempered,butnowsheisverymild.

情态动词的完成式

needn‘thavedone

表示过去本不必做的事情

Youneedn’thavedoneallthecalculationbyyourself.Wehavecomputerstodothatsortofwork.

Sheneedn’thaverisensoearly.Therewasnohurry.

Theyneedn’thavebroughtsomuchfoodwiththem.Wehadenoughforalltheguests.

Musthavedone

对过去事情的肯定猜测

Hemusthaveworkedveryhard,forhedidagoodjobinthelastexam.

Theymusthavehadaquarrel.Theyhadn’ttalkedwitheachotherfornearlyaweek.

Theremusthavebeenablackout.Thewholestreetwasindarkness.

can‘t/couldn’thavedone

对过去事情的否定猜测

（musthavedone的否定形式）

Itcan’thavebeenher.ShehasgonetoShanghai.

Youcan’thaveseenmeinthemeetinglastweek.Iwasonabusinesstripthen.

Hecan’thaveworkedhard.Ihaveseenhimplayingwithhisneighborsveryoften.

could&may/mighthavedone

表示对过去事情的可能性的推测

Youmay/mighthavebeeninjuredinthecaraccident.

Youmayhavebeenhurtbythewildanimal.

Youmayhavereadthebook.

Youmighthavebeenmorecareful.

Willhavedone

表示将来完成时

Bytheendofthisweek,thebuildingwillhavebeencompleted.

ByMayorJune,wewillhavealreadyknownwhetherChinasucceedsinbiddingforthe2008OlympicGames.

Bynextmonth,wewillhavelearnedthefirst5chapters.

Would/couldhavedone

表示对过去虚拟

Youcould/wouldhavedonemuchbetterifyouhadfollowedtheteacher’sinstructions.

Theearthcouldhavebeenabetterplaceifwehadallknowntheimportanceofprotectingtheenvironment.

Youcouldn’thavebeensomiserablehadyoulistenedtomyadvice.

Shewouldn’thavefailedtheEnglishexamifshehaddoneenoughrevisionexercises.

should（oughtto）havedone

过去本该做某事

shouldn’t（oughtnotto）havedone

过去本不该做某事

Youshouldn’thavebehavedsoimpolitelyinfrontofalltheguests.

Weshouldn’thavereliedtoomuchonhim.

Heshouldn’thavecheatedontheexam.

Sheshouldn’thaveagreedtomarrysuchanirresponsibleman.