直接引语变间接引语的转换.docx
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直接引语变间接引语的转换
直接引语变间接引语的转换
直接引语变间接引语的转换：
（一）如何变人称：
口诀：
一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。
“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。
从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。
如：
Shesaid.“Mybrotherwantstogowithme.”→Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogowithher.
“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。
或被第二人称所修饰。
从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。
如果引号外的主句没有宾语。
也可以用第一人称。
如：
HesaidtoKate.“Howisyoursisternow?
”→HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen.
“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。
如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。
如：
Mr.Smithsaid,“Jackisagoodworker.”→Mr.SmithsaidJackwasagoodworker.
（二）时态的变化
①如果引述动词为现在时态，间接引语的动词可以保持原来的时态。
Hesays,“Ihavebeenwritinganovel.”------- Hesaysthathehasbeenwritinganovel.
Hesays:
"that'sallright."-----Hesaysthat'sallright.
②如果引述动词为过去时态，间接引语中的时间就要往后推，即现在时间推至过去时间，过去时间推至过去的过去，将来时间推至过去将来时间。
具体变化见下表：
直接引语时态
间接引语时态
一般现在时
一般过去时
现在进行时
过去进行时
现在完成时
过去完成时
现在完成进行时
过去完成进行时
一般过去时
过去完成时
过去完成时
过去完成时
一般将来时
过去将来时
Can/may
Could/might
Shesaid:
"Iamastudent."------- Shesaid（that）shewasastudent.（一般现在时变成一般过去时）
Shesaid：
"Hewillgotoseehisfriend"-----Shesaidhewouldgotoseehisfriend.（一般将来时变成过去将来时）
Tomsaid:
"Iamgoingtoplaybasketballtomorrow."
Theteachersaid,“YouaredoingOK.” 老师说：
“你们干得很不错。
”
TheteachersaidweweredoingOK. 老师说我们干得很不错。
（现在进行时变为过去进行时）
Shesaid,“Iamreadingabook."
Iaskedher,“Wherehaveyouspentyourholiday?
” 我问她：
“你去哪里度假了？
”
Iaskedherwhereshehadspentherholiday. 我问她去哪里度假了。
（现在完成时变为过去完成时）
Shesaid,“IwenttoShanghai.” 她说：
“我去过上海。
”
ShesaidthatshehadgonetoShanghai. 她说她去过上海。
（过去时变为过去完成时）
Hesaid,“Ihadfinishedmyworkbefore10o’clock.”他说：
“我在十点钟前就完成工作了。
”
Hesaidthathehadfinishedhisworkbefore10o’clock..他说他在十点钟前就完成工作了。
（过去完成时不变）
注意以下几种情况：
时态不变
1.直接引语是客观真理。
Theteachersaid,“Theearthmovesaroundthesun."------Theteachersaidtheearthmovesaroundthesun.
2.直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。
Jacksaid:
"IwasdoingchoreswhenTomcamein."----JacksaidhewasdoingchoreswhenTomcamein.
3.直接引语中有具体的过去的某年某月某日，变间接引语时，时态不变。
Jacksaid:
"IwasbornonApril21,1980"--------JacksaidhewasbornonApril21,1980.
4.直接引语是一般现在时，表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作时，变间接引语，时态不变。
Hesaid:
"Igetupatsixeverymorning."-----Hesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning.
5.如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式或已经是过去时的形式，不用变。
Thedoctorsaid,"Youshouldstayinbedfor2days."-----ThedoctorsaidIshouldstayinbedfor2days.
（三）如何变状语。
时间状语由“现在”变为“原来”
直 接 引 语
间 接 引 语
now 现在
then 那时
today 今天
thatday 那天
thisevening 今晚
thatevening 那天晚上
yesterday 昨天
thedaybefore 前一天
yesterdaymorning 昨天上午
themorningbefore 前一天上午
lastnight 昨天晚上
thenightbefore 前一天晚上
twodaysago 两天前
twodaysbefore 两天前
nextweek 下周
thenextweek/thefollowingweek第二周
tomorrow 明天
thenextday/thefollowingday 第二天
thedaybeforeyesterday前天
twodaysbefore 两天前
thedayaftertomorrow 后天
intwodays`time/twodaysafter 两天后
地点状语here变为there
“We’llleaveheretomorrow,”hesaid. 他说：
“我们明天离开这里。
”
Hesaidthattheywouldleavetherethenextday.他说他们将在第二天离开那里。
指示代词由“此”变为“彼”：
this-----that,these-----those
Hesaid:
"Thisbookismine."----Hesaidthatbookwashis.
动词come变成go
（四）如何变换句型
1.陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句，that可以省略。
如：
Hesaid,“I'mhappy.”-------Hesaid（that）hewashappy.
2.一般疑问句，反义疑问句，选择疑问句变为由if或whether引导的宾语从句，翻译成“是否”如：
Heaskedme,“DoeshisfatherknowMrGreen?
”
---HeaskedmeifhisfatherknewMrGreen.
3.特殊疑问句变为由who,what,where,how等疑问词（连接代词或连接副词）引导的宾语从句，宾语从句必须用陈述语序。
如：
Heaskedme,“WhereisMrWang?
”---HeaskedmewhereMrWangwas.
（注：
Heaskedme,“Whichisthebest?
"
Sheaskedme:
"Whatisintheclassroom?
"
4.直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语改为tell,ask,ordersb（not）todosth句型，表示命令。
如：
"Don'tmakeanynoise,"theteachersaidtothestudents.
------Theteachertoldthestudentsnottomakeanynoise.
"Openthedoor,please,"shesaid.----Sheaskedhimtoopenthedoor.
5.直接引语如果是Let's开头的祈使句，变为用“suggest+doing或+从句。
如：
Hesaid:
"Let'sgotothemovies."-----Hesuggestedgoingtothemovies.
或Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotoseethemovies.
练习一：
1.Idon'tknow_________hewillcometomorrow._________hecomes,I'lltellyou．
A.if;WhetherB.whether;WhetherC.if;ThatD.if;If
2.Idon'tknow_________thedayaftertomorrow.
A.whendoeshecomeB.howwillhecomeC.ifhecomesD.whetherhe'llcome
3.Couldyoutellme_________thenearesthospitalis?
A.whatB.howC.whetherD.where
4.Couldyoutellme_________theradiowithoutanyhelp?
A.howdidhemendB.whatdidhemendC.howhemendedD.whathemended
5.Iwanttoknow_________.
A.whomisshelookingafterB.whomsheislookingC.whomisshelookingD.whomsheislookingafter
6.Doyouknowwhere_________now?
A.helivesB.doesheliveC.helivedD.didhelive
7.Doyouknowwhattime_________?
A.thetrainleaveB.doesthetrainleaveC.willthetrainleaveD.thetrainleaves
8.Idon'tknow_________.Canyoutellme,please?
A.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayers
C.thetwoplayersarehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersare
9.Thesmallchildrendon'tknow_________.
A.whatistheirstockingsinB.whatisintheirstockings
C.whereistheirstockingsinD.whatintheirstockings
10.Ican'tunderstand_________.A.whatdoesChristmasmeanB.whatChristmasdoesmean
C.whatmeanChristmasdoesD.whatChristmasmeans
1Thegirlsaskedifthey____somefoodanddrinkwiththem.A.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtake
2Catherinesaidthatshe___toGuangzhou.
A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergoneC.hasneverbeenD.hadneverbeen
3Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey___dictionarytoday.A.hadB.hasC.willhaveD.are
4SheaskedLindaif___goandgetsome.A.couldsheB.shecouldC.shecanD.shemay
5Lindasaidthemoon___roundtheearth.A.travelledB.hastravelledC.travellsD.hadtravelled
习题
（二）
1Canyoutellme___youwereborn,Betty?
A.whoB.whatC.whenD.that
2Idon'tknow___theyhavepassedtheexam.A.whatB.ifC.whenD.where
3Ihardlyunderstand.___hehastoldme.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who
4Shedidn'tknow___backsoon.A.whetherhewouldbeB.ifwouldhebeC.hewillbe
5.Idon'tknow_____hestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.A.whetherBwhereC.whatD.when
6.Doyouknow_____theylistenedtoyesterdayevening?
A.whatBwhenCwhyDhow
7.Heaskedme_____toldmetheaccident.AwhomBwhichCwhoDwhose
习题（三）
1.Theydon'tknow______theirparentsare.AthatBwhatCwhyDwhich
2.Pleasetellme______whatlastyear.A.wheredoesyoursisterworkBwheredidyoursisterwork
CwhereyoursisterworksDwhereyoursisterworked
3.SheaskedmeifIknew______.A.whosepenisitB.whosepenitwasC.whosepenitisD.whosepenwasit
4.Youmustremember________.A.whatyourmothersaidB.whatdidyourmothersay
C.yourmothersaidwhatD.whathasyourmothersaid
5Didyouknow____?
A.whohewaslookingafterB.whowashelookingfor
C.whoheislookingforD.whoheislookingafter
6Couldyoutellme___?
A.whenwilltheyleaveBeijingB.whenwouldtheyleaveBeijing
C.whentheywillleaveBeijingD.whendidtheyleaveBeijing
习题（四）
1.Inthebookshop,areaderaskedtheshopkeeper_____WhoMovedMyCheesewasaninterestingbook.
A.thatB.howC.whatD.if
2.—Idon'tknow_____Mr.Greenwillcometoseeus.—HewillhelpuswithourEnglish.（杭州市）
A.whyB.whenC.howD.where
3.—Weneverknow_____theoldmanis.—Theysayheisateacher.（鄂州市）
A.whatB.whoC.whichD.where
4.Iwastold_____BillGateswasthirteenhebegantoplaywithcomputers.（重庆市）
A.thathowB.howthatC.whenthatD.thatwhen
5.—Doyouknow_____?
I'mgoingtoseehim.—Sorry,Idon'tknow.（北京市海淀区）
A.wheredoesMr.LiliveB.wheredidMr.LiliveC.whereMr.LilivesD.whereMr.Lilived
6.—Wheredoyouthink_____he_____thecomputer?
—Sorry,Ihavenoidea.（南京市）
A.／;boughtB.has;boughtC.did;buyD.does;buy
7.Idon'tfeelverywell.Mumaskedme_____thismorning.（重庆市）
A.whatthematterisB.whatiswrongC.whatthematterwasD.whatwrongwas
8.—WhereisJack?
—Heisawaytospendhisholiday.He'sgoneeithertoHangzhouortoWuhan,butI'mnotsure_____.（南昌市）A.thatB.whichC.whereD.there
单项选择
1Thegirlsaskedifthey____somefoodanddrinkwiththem.
A.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtake
2Catherinesaidthatshe___toGuangzhou.
A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergoneC.hasneverbeenD.hadneverbeen
3Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey___dictationtoday.
A.hadB.has.C.willhaveD.are
4SheaskedLindaif___goandgetsome.
A.couldsheB.shecouldC.shecanD.shemay
5Lindasaidthemoon___roundtheearth.
A.travelledB.hastravelledC.travellsD.hadtravelled
6.Canyoutellme___youwereborn,Betty?
A.whoB.whatC.whenD.that
7Idon'tknow___theyhavepassedtheexam.
A.whatB.ifC.whenD.where
8Ihardlyunderstand.___hehastoldme.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who
9.Shedidn'tknow___backsoon.
A.whetherhewouldbeB.ifwouldhebeC.hewillbeD.ifhewillcome
10.Idon'tknow_____hestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.
A.whetherBwhereC.whatD.when
11.Doyouknow_____theylistenedtoyesterdayevening?
A.whatBwhenCwhyDhow
12.Heaskedme_____toldmetheaccident.AwhomBwhichCwhoDwhose
13.Theydon'tknow_______theirparentsare.AthatBwhatCwhyDwhich
14.Pleasetellme______whatlastyear.
A.wheredoesyoursisterworkB.wheredidyoursisterwork
Cwhereyoursisterwo
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