数词的基本构成及其用法.docx
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数词的基本构成及其用法
数词的基本构成及其用法
数词的基本构成
(一)基数词——从1数到N1.1—12的基数词是独立的单词。
即:
one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve.
2.13—19的基数词以-teen结尾。
如:
fourteen,seventeen等,但13,15,18较特殊:
13—thirteen
15—fifteen
18—eighteen.
3.20—90的整十位均以-ty结尾。
如:
sixty,ninety,但20,30,40,50,80较特殊:
20—twenty,
30—thirty,
40—forty,
50—fifty,
80—eighty.
4.十位数与个位数之间要加连字符号“-”。
如:
28—twenty-eight,
96—ninety-six.
5.百位和十位(若无十位则和个位)之间加and.如:
148—onehundredandforty-eight,406—fourhundredandsix.
6.hundred(百),thousand(千),million(百万),billion(十亿)等前面即使有具体的数词,也不能在它们的后面加s.如:
600:
sixhundred,
800万:
eightmillion.
7.1000以上的数字,从后往前数每三位加一个逗号“,”第一个逗号前为千(thousand),第二个逗号前为百万(million),第三个逗号前为billion(十亿)。
英语中无“万”这个词,我们可以用“几十个千(thousand)”表示几万,“几百个千(thousand)”表示“几十万”。
如:
2,510:
twothousandfivehundredandten;
84,296:
eighty-fourthousandtwohundredandninety-six;
274,350:
twohundredandseventy-fourthousandthreehundredandfifty.
8.hundred,thousand,million用复数形式修饰名词时要用“of+复数名词”。
如:
数以百计的年轻人→
hundredsofyoungpeople;
数以千计的书→
thousandsofbooks.
注意:
hundredsof/thousandsof/millionsof+复数名词,其前面不能加具体的数词,但可加several或many.
如:
①Hundredsofnewbuildingshavesprungupherethisyear.
②ThousandsuponthousandsofpeopleinSouthAfricaarerisingagainsttheiroppressors.
③ThousandsandthousandsofpeoplecometovisIt thecityeveryday.
④Millionsofdollarshavegoneintothebuildingofthisfactory.
(二)序数词——由基数词转变而来,表示“这是第N个”1.口诀巧记基数词变序数词:
一、二、三,特殊记,
八去“t”,九去“e”,
“ve”要用“f”替,
“y”变成“i”和“e”,
词尾加上“th”,
若是遇到几十几,
只变个位就可以。
”
第一、第二、第三分别:
first,second,third,
eight—eighthnine—ninth,
five—fifth,twelve—twelfth,
twenty—twentieth,forty—fortieth,
twenty-five—twenty-fifth.
2.其余情况均在基数词后加th。
如:
six—sixth,
nineteen—nineteenth,
hundred—hundredth,
thousand—thousandth等。
3.序数词有时用缩写形式:
first----1st,
twenty-second-------22th.
数词的基本用法
(一)基数词的基本用法1.定语
FiftythousandLondondockersareoutonstrike.
2.主语:
数词作主语,谓语动词用单数。
如:
Twomonthsisquitealongtime.Fiveisanoddnumber.
3.宾语或介词宾语
Howmanydoyouwant?
-----Eight,please.
Thecityhasapopulationoffourmillion.
4.表语
Wearealtogetherfourteen.
Fiveplussevenistwelve.
5.同位语
Whatworkareyoutoassignusthree?
Isthereroomforustwo?
6.基数词+单数名词+形容词构成合成形容词。
如:
一个五岁的男孩→
afive-year-oldboy;
一座800米长的桥→
an800-metre-longbridge;
女子400米接力→
girls'400-metrerelayrace.
7.句型:
主语+is+about(大约)/over
=morethan(超过)/nearly(接近)+具体数词+metre(s)/kilometre(s)/kilo(s)long/high/tall/deep/away等。
如:
长江长6300公里。
TheChangjiangRiveris6,300kilometreslong.
8.表示“······十”的数词的复数形式可以用来表示人的岁数或年代:
Heisinhisearlythirties.
Hediedstillinhisforties.
Thistookplaceinthe1930s.
(二)序数词的基本用法1.序数词主要用作定语,前面一般要加定冠词(或物主代词):
①Tomistheirsecondson.
②Theycelebratedthe10thanniversaryofthefoundingoftherepublic.
③Iwillnevergiveup,notevenonthe1,000thor10,000thtry.
2.有时前面可以加一个不定冠词来表示“再一”,“又一”这样的意思:
①We’llhavetodoitasecondtime.
②ShallIaskhimathirdtime?
③WhenIsatdown,afourthmanrosetospeak.
3.First,second等有时可用来表示“第一个人(批)”“第二个人”等:
①ShewasamongthefirsttocomeandsettleinDujiashan.
②Youwillbethesecondtospeak.
4.如果数字较长,序数词总避免使用,而且读的方法也常常简化:
第201房间:
Room201
第319面:
page319
第一拖拉机厂:
theNumberITractorWorks
第六号车厢:
CarriageNo.6
南京路1490号:
1490NanjingRoad
电话号码55―2347:
telephonenumber:
55—2347
5.在谈编了号的东西时,我们可以用基数词表示顺序:
①thefirstpart------partone
②thethirdsquad------squadthree
③thetwenty-thirdsection----sectiontwenty-three
数词练习题:
一、单项选择
1.Two diedofcoldlastwinter.
A.hundredsoldpeople
B.hundredoldpeople
C.hundredsoldpeoples
D.hundredoldpeoples
2.--What'sthedatetoday?
-- .
A.It'sFriday
B.It'shot
C.It'sJuly3rd
D.I'saholiday
3.____ofthetreesinthegardenareappletrees.
A.Twothird
B.Twothirds
C.Secondthird
D.Secondthirds
4.Theheroofthestoryisanartistinhis .
A.thirtieth
B.thirty
C.thirtys
D.thirties
5.Shortlyaftertheaccident,two policeweresenttothespottokeepOrder.
A.dozenof
B.dozens
C.dozen
D.dozensof
6.The paragraphsareveryimportant.
A.onethird
B.firstone
C.firstthree
D.onethree
7.China'spopulationisabout oftheworld'spopulation.
A.thequarter
B.one-four
C.aquarter
D.one-fourths
8.The sawgreatprogressinscienceandtechnologyinChina.
A.1990
B.1990s’
C.1990'
D.1990s
9.Beiingis largestcityinChina.
A.thesecond
B.asecond
C.second
D.thetwo
10.Arethereseatsforus ?
A.thethird
B.three
C.third
D.thethree
11.Ataroughestimate,Nigeriais GreatBritain.
A.threetimesthesizeas
B.thesizethreetimesof
C.threetimesasthesizeof
D.threetimesthesizeof
12.Whatatable!
I'veneverseensuchathingbefore.Itis itislong.
A.halfnotaswideas
B.widenotashalfas
C.nothalfaswideas
D.aswideasnothalf
13.Johnisthetallestboyintheclass,_______accordingtohi