医学英语视听说.docx

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医学英语视听说.docx

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医学英语视听说.docx

医学英语视听说

MedicalEnglishWatchingListeningandSpeaking

医学英语视听说考试资料

TestIntroduction：

Part1：

名词解释

Part2：

简答

Part3：

病例分析

Part4：

体检

QuestionsForDiagnosis&Treatment-ChestPain

1．PossibleDisease

M.I.（myocardialinfarction）心肌梗塞

Angina心绞痛

Pericarditis心包炎

Pulmonaryembolism肺栓塞

Pneumothorax气胸

Cholecystitis胆囊炎

Severeindigestion严重消化不良

Pneumonia肺炎

Pancreatitis胰腺炎

Musculoskelrtal骨骼系统性疼痛

2．DescriptionsofPain

Aches疼痛,,throbbing悸痛,pulsing疼痛，stings刺痛\likeastabbingpain,Sharppain,comesinwaves,suddenpain,

Mychestfeelstight

Itfeelslikeatightbandaroundmychest

Pressure,压迫感

3.UsefulSentences

ForChestPain

HowLong

Whatdoesthepainfeellike?

Showmewherethepainis?

Isthepainjustinthatareaordoesitspeadanywhereelse?

Douhaveanypaininurshoulderordownurleftarm?

Isthepainconstantthereallthetime?

Doesthepaingetworsewhenu----breatheinorout?

----walkaroundordoheavywork?

Whatpainkillersdiduhave?

Aspirin（阿司匹林,paracetamol（扑热息痛）

HerearetheForms（化验单），UNeedtohavesomebloodtest,X-ray,andECGrightaway！

Urresultsshowthatuhave----,Iamafraiduwillhavetobeadmittedintohospitalfortreatment（住院治疗）

Uneedtohaveintravenousantibiotics（静脉输液），andoralmedication（口服药）。

QuestionforDiagnosis&Treatment----Diarrhea（腹泻）

1.PossibleDisease

Foodpoisoning食物中毒

Dysentery痢疾

IntestinalObstruction肠梗阻

Dehydration脱水

Intussusception肠套叠

Enteritis肠炎（小肠炎）

Crohn’sDisease节段性回肠炎

Irritablebowelsyndrome过敏性结肠炎

BowelTumour肠瘤

Constipation便秘

2.DescriptiveWordsforFaeces粪便andDiarrhea

Liquid液体watery水样

Lumpy粒状

Semi-soft半软

Mucous粘液

Bloodybloodyandlikejelly带血胶状

Darkbrown咖啡色

Creamcolor乳白色

Beige浅褐色

Dry干燥

Blackandsticky

黑色呈柏油

Smelly发臭的

Pus脓

Milkdeposits牛奶沉淀

Un-digested

未消化的

Pale白色

Green青色

3.QuestionforDiarrhea（顺序为横）

HowlongHowmanytimes

Bloody?

Stool（大便）looklike?

Dotheysmell?

Painwhenuhavediarrhea?

Vomit?

Eatsomethingwrong?

Abletoeat?

Howaboutfluids?

Anyfeverorheadache?

Doufeeldehydrated（脱水）?

Specimen（样品）ofstools;bloodtest;x-ray;ultrasound（超声）--------

Umusttakefluids,andjusthavealightdietuntilfeelbetter

Possiblebowelcancer（肠癌）（顺序为横）

3timesaweek2or3timesaday

Abitsoft,darkbrownNotsmell

paingoingwithAbdominalpainordiscomfort

Feelbloated腹胀Pressonstomachandpalpate

Dotestofspecimenofurstools,bloodtest

Mightneedendoscopic内窥镜的,内窥镜检查的orsigmoidoscopy乙状结肠镜检查[术]

QuestionsForDiagnosis&Treatment----AbdominalPain

1..PossibleDisease

AbdominalObstruction腹胀[?

Appendicitis阑尾炎[?

pend?

sa?

FoodPoisoning食物中毒

Hepatitis肝炎[?

hep?

ta?

Cholecystitis（gallstones）胆囊炎，（胆结石）[?

lisis?

taitis]

GynecologicalProblems妇科疾病[?

ɡainik?

ik?

StomachUlcer胃溃疡[?

ls?

]

Pancreatitis胰腺炎[?

kri?

taitis]

UrologicalProblems泌尿系统问题

Respiratoryproblems呼吸系统问题[?

resp?

Cardiovascularproblems心血管问题[?

kɑ:

di:

skj?

]

2.UsefulSentences

Howlong?

where?

howpainfulisit?

Didthepainstratthereorsomewhereelse?

Doesithurtmoreaftercertainexercisesoractions?

Doufeelthatuhavehadfeveratanytime?

Areupassingurineok?

（你排尿正常吗？

）

Whatdoesururinelooklike?

Areuhavingyourbowelsopenregularly?

（排便正常吗）

Areumenstruating?

isitnormal?

Bleeding?

isitnormal?

Havingaperiod?

isitnormal?

（females,月经来了吗？

）

Areuvomiting?

Whatdouvomit?

Isthereapattern?

（一般什么情况下呕吐）

Areuabletoeatordrink?

Dougetpainaftereatinganddrinking?

Pleaselaydown,Ineedtoexamineu

Iwillneedtodosomeinvestigations:

bloodtests,x-rayandultrasound,urinetestsandstooltests

Cholecystitis

Hello,mynameisDrpan,howcanIhelpu?

Ihavehadabdominalpainforafewdaysandit’sgettingworse.

D;howlonghaveuhadabdominalpain?

P;aboutthreedays.

D;whereisit?

canushowme?

yes,justhere.

D;howpainfulisit?

atfirstitwasjustonandoff,butnowitseemstobethereallthetime.

onascaleof1to10;ifnopainsis1andverypainful10,whatnumberwouldugiveyourpain?

P;I’dgiveita7

D;didthepainstartthereorsomewhereelse?

P;it’salwaysbeenthere.

D;doesithurtmoreafterexerciseoractions?

P；ifiamwalingaroundalot,itwillhurtabitmore.

D;doufeelthatuhavehadafeveratanytime?

P;no,Idon’tthinkso,IhavefelthotbutIhaven’ttakenmytemperature.

D；Ineedtotakeurtemperature,pulse,andB/P

Areupassingurineok?

P;yes

D;whatdoesururinelooklike?

P;normal

D;areuhavingurbowelsopenregulatly?

P;usuallyIdo,butIhaven’thadmybowelsopenforacoupleofdays.

D;haveuvomited?

P;no,IthoughtIwasgoingtotodaybutthefeelingpassed.

D;areuabletoeatanddrinkanything?

P;I’mdrinkingbutIhaven’treallyfeltlikeeating.

whathaveubeendrinking?

P：

Ihavehadacoupleofglassesofwaterandacoupleofcupsofcoffee.

doesthepaingetworseaftereatingordrinking、

P;no,notthatI‘venoticed.

D;Ineedtoexamineyou.pleaselaydown,andloosenurclothingforme.

P;ok.

D;showmewhereithurts.

ithurtsjustthere.

D;oktakeanicebigbreth,breatheinandout,nowtryandrelax.

ouch,thathurts.

D；OKthanks,ucangetdressednow.

Iwillneedtodosomeinvestigations:

bloodtests,x-rayandultrasound,urinetestsandstooltests

D;hello,yourresultsshowthatumighthavecholecystitis,uneedtobeadmittedtohospitalforobservationandtreatment,andwemayneedtodomoretestsbeforewehaveacorrectdiagnosis.

P;doIreallyneedtobeadmittedintohospital,isn’tthereanythingucangivemeforthepainandtohelptheproblem?

D;sorry,no,itisbestthatuareadmittedforfurthertest,wecancheckthatuhaven’tgotgallstonesorsomethingseriouslywithurliver.

P;allright,

PPTofAbdomialPain

“Allwhohavehadmuchexperienceofthegroupofcasesknowngenerallyastheacuteabdomenwillprobablyagreethatinthatconditionearlydiagnosisisexceptional.”

Typesofabdominalpain

•Colicky（绞痛0pain-causedbydistention（膨胀）ofahollowviscus（空脏器）,suchasbowel.

•Somatic（躯干身体）pain-causedbyinflammation（炎症）oftheparietalperitoneum（壁层腹膜）;

•Visceral（内脏的）pain-causedbyinflammationofthevisceralperitoneumandcapsuleofsolidorgans.

Quadrant（象限）ViewoftheAbdomen

RightUpper

Cholecystitis（胆囊炎）

•Inflammationofthegallbladder?

胆囊,causedbyductobstruction（管道堵塞）withagallstone.

•Painisusuallysteadyforanhourormoreafteronsetandmadeworsebyeating.

•Ifthereissignificantinflammationassociatedwiththecholecystitis,theremaybelocalperitonealpain（somaticpain）腹膜性疼痛.

•Painmaybereferredtothescapular（肩胛的）areaandaccompaniesnausea恶心,vomiting,andfeverwithoutjaundice黄疸.

•Diagnosedwithultrasound（超声）.

Cholangitis?

胆管炎

•Causedbyobstructionofthebiliarytract（胆道）leadingtobacterialovergrowthinthegallbladder.

•MarkedbyCharcot’sTriad（查科三联征）

•–RUQ（右上腹）pain,jaundiceandfever.

•Diagnosedbyultrasound.

•IsanemergencyandmustbetreatedwithIVantibiotics（静脉抗生素）.

•Mayrequiredecompression（解压）via（凭借）endoscopic（内窥镜的）orsurgicalmeans.

Hepatitis（肝炎）

•Causedbyinflammation（感染）oftheliverbyviruses（病毒）,alcoholorcertaindrugs.

•Markedbytender,enlargedliverwithmalaise（不舒服）,feverandjaundice.

•Diagnosedbyhistoryandlaboratoryevaluation-liverfunctiontestsandviralserologies.（病毒血清学的检查）

•Treatmentdependsonetiology（病因，病原）ofdisease.

Pancreatitis（胰腺炎）

•Mostcommonlycausedbyalcoholism（50%）andgallstones（30%）obstructingthecommonbile.（胆汁）duct（管道）.

•Constantmid-epigastric（上腹部的）visceral（内脏的）painusuallyoccurringafteraheavymealoralcoholicbinge.

•Painmayradiatetotheback（50%）andisaccompaniedbynausea,vomitingandanorexia?

（厌食症）.

•Diagnosedbyamylase?

（淀粉酶）andlipase脂肪酶.ImagingbyCTscanmaybedesirableinsomecases.

LeftUpper

PepticUlcer?

（胃溃疡）

•Causedbyincreasedgastricacidproduction（胃酸容物）ordecreasedmucosal（粘膜的）protection.

•Increasedgastricacidproductionmaybecausedbyalcoholism（酒精中毒）orgastrinproducingtumor（Zollinger-EllisonSyndrome佐林格-埃利森综合征）.

•DecreasedmucosalprotectionmaybecausedbyoveruseofNSAID’s（非类固醇抗炎药）orbyinfectionwithHelicobacterpylori幽门螺旋杆菌.

•Painisvisceralandmaybecomesomatic（腹膜性疼痛）ifperforation（穿孔）occurs.Theremayberadiationtotheback.

•DiagnosedbyH.pyloriantigen（抗原）intheserum（血清）,endoscopy内镜检查

LeftLower

（卵巢囊肿不考。

。

）

RightLower

Appendicitis

•Causedbyobstructionoftheappendiceal（阑尾的）lumen（腔）

•Painstartsasperiumbilical（脐周的）andmigrates（迁移）totheRLQ（McBurney’sPoint）

•Isaccompaniedbynausea,vomitingandanorexia（厌食症）.Mayhavefever-especiallyifruptured.

•DiagnosedbyultrasoundorCTscan.

•Treatmentissurgicalandisanemergencyifruptured.

GeneralAbdominalPain

•Somecausesofabdominalpainaregeneralizedandnotrestrictedtoanyspecificquadrant.

Gastritis（胃炎）

•Causedbyinflammationofthegastrointestinaltractbymicroorganisms（微生物）,radiation（放射物）andotherirritants（刺激物）.

•Describedasdiffuse（扩散）crampy（痉挛）痛abdominalpain.

•Oftenaccompaniedbydiarrhea,nausea,vomiting,dehydration（脱水）andfever.

•Diagnosisisbyhistoryandsoon

BowelObstruction（肠梗阻）

•Causedbyobstructionofthebowellumen（空腔）bymass,volvulus（肠扭转）,intussusception（肠套叠）aroundscar（伤疤）adhesions（粘连）.

•Painiscolickyinnature，accompaniedbyvomiting

•Maybeaccompaniedbywaterydiarrhea-

•Diagnosedbyabdominalx-rayslookingfordistended（膨胀的）loops环结ofbowelandair-fluidlevels（气液面）.

KidneyStones

•Causedbyobstructionoftheupperurinarytract（上泌尿道）byastonethatisinduced（导致）bydehydration（脱水）,infection,hypercalcemia?

（血钙过多）andotherm

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