植保专业英语课程教学大纲.docx

植保专业英语课程教学大纲.docx

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植保专业英语课程教学大纲

《植保专业英语》课程教学大纲

一、课程基本信息

课程名称：

专业英语

英文名称：

SpecialEnglishforPlantProtection

学时：

36

学　　分：

2

适用对象:

植物保护

考核方式：

课堂考试占70%、平时成绩占30%

先修课程：

植物病理学昆虫学

二、课程简介

本书的取材主要侧重植物保护的基础知识，介绍植物病原真菌、细菌、线虫、病毒以及昆虫的种类和形态、繁殖方式和传播方式、危害特点以及防治方法。

本课程主要是加强学生对专业英语词汇的认识，为以后从事植物病理专业工作、查阅外文资料和论文写作打下基础。

TheobjectiveofSpecialEnglishforPlantProtectionistopresentbasictheoriesofPlantProtection,whichincludesclassification,morphology,reproductionofthepathogens（fungi,bacteria,virusandnematodes）andinsectsandtheepidemiology,diagnosisandmanagementofplantdiseasescausedbythem.TheotherobjectiveofthiscourseishelpstudentsstudyingspecialEnglish,readingreferencesandwritingpapers.

三、教学内容及要求

Chapter1　Introductiontoplantpathology

（一）目的与要求

了解植物病理学的发展史，植物病害的种类、病害生理、病害防治，掌握有关植物病害的英语词汇。

（二）教学内容

第一节Classificationofplantdiseases

1．主要内容

1）Infectious,orbiotic,plantdiseases

（1）Diseasescausedbyfungi

（2）Diseasescausedbyprokaryotes（bacteriaandmycoplasmas）

（3）Diseasescausedbyparasitichigherplants

（4）Diseasescausedbyvirusesandviroids

（5）Diseasescausedbynematodes

（6）Diseasescausedbyprotozoa

2）Noninfectious,orabiotic,diseasesarediseasescausedby:

（1）Toolowortoohighatemerature（6）Nutrientdeficiencies

（2）Lackorexcessofsoilmoisture（7）Mineraltoxicities

（3）Lackorexcessoflight（8）Soilacidityoralkalinity

（4）Lackofoxygen（9）Toxicityofpesticides

（5）Airpollution（10）Improperculturalpractices

2．基本概念和知识点

1）Infectious,orbiotic,plantdiseases

2）Noninfectious,orabiotic,diseases

3．问题与应用

（1）Whataretheinfectiousdisease?

（2）Whataretheinfectiousdisease?

第二节ChapterthreeDiscoveryoftheroleoffungi

1．主要内容

1）bunt,orstinkingsmut,ofwheatisacontagiousplantdisease.Tillet,however,believedthatitwasapoisonoussubstancecontainedinthedust,ratherthanlivingmicroorganisms,thatcausedthedisease.

2）Prevostpointedouttheimportanceoftheenvironmentininductionanddevelopmentofthedisease.

3）In1861deBaryfinallyprovedexperimentallythatthefungusPhytophthorainfestanswasthecauseofthedisease.

4）DeBaryalsomadegreatcontributionswithhisstudiesofthePeronosporalesandthediseasestheyincite（downymildews）.

2．基本概念和知识点

Smut、Phytophthorainfestans、Peronosporalesandthediseasestheyincite（downymildews）.

1．问题与应用

1）whetheriswheatstuntcontagiousoruninfectiousdisease?

2）DoesPhytophthorainfestanscausedpotatolateblight?

第三节Controlofplantdiseases

1．主要内容

1）ThediscoveryofBordeauxmixture

2）onehostissepratedfromotherhost,inordertostopcoffeerustoutbreaks.

3）In1972,NewandKerrintroducedthefirstcommercialbiologicalcontrolofabacterialplantdisease（crowngall）byuseofanotherbacterium.

2．基本概念和知识点

Bordeauxmixture、hostsepration、biocontrol

3．问题与应用

（1）HowistheBordeauxmixtureused?

（2）Howisbiocontrolagentused?

第三节Physiologyofplantdisease

1．主要内容

1）fungiarethecausesratherthantheresultsofplantdisease,effortsbegantoelucidatethemechanismsbywhichfungicausedisease

2）pathogenproducesenzymesandtoxinsthatdegradeandkillplantcellsfromwhichthefunguscanthenobtainitsnutrients

3）toxinthatisresponsibleforthebacteria-freechloroticzone（halo）surroundingthenecroticleafspotsthatcontainthebacteria.

4）Corynebactreiumfascians,whichausesthefasciationdiseaseofpeas,producesacytokininandthatthefasciationdiseasesymptomscouldbeinducedonhealthyplantsaftertreatmentwithkinetin,whichisananimal-derivedcytokinin.

2．基本概念和知识点

（1）fungiarethecauses

（2）toxinthatisresponsibleforthebacteria-freechloroticzone（halo）

（3）pathogenproducesenzymesandtoxinsthatdegradeandkillplantcells

3．问题与应用

Howdothepathogenscauseplantdiseases?

（三）课后练习

TranslatethetextintoChinese

（四）教学手段和方法

（1）StudentsreadthetextandtranslateitintoChinese

（2）Studentsreadthetextfollowingteacher

（3）TeacheraskstudentssomequestionsinEnglish

Chapter2Pathogens

（一）目的和要求

通过学习，使学生掌握植物病原菌的一些常见英语词汇，同时加深学生的植物病理知识。

（二）教学内容

第一节Plantdiseasescausedbyfungi

1．主要内容

（1）fungalmorphology

（2）fungaldefinition

（3）reproduction（sexualandasexualreproduction）

（4）homothallic,heterothallic,hermaphroditicfungi

（5）Deuteromycetes,ascomycetes,basidiomycetes,zygomycetes,mastigomycetes

2．基本概念和知识点

（1）fungaldefinition

（2）reproduction（sexualandasexualreproduction）

（3）homothallic,heterothallic,hermaphroditicfungi

（4）Deuteromycetes,ascomycetes,basidiomycetes,zygomycetes,mastigomycetes

3．问题与应用

（1）fungaldefinition

（2）reproduction（sexualandasexualreproduction）

（3）homothallic,heterothallic,hermaphroditicfungi

第二节Plantdiseasescausedbyprokaryotes

1．主要内容

1）Introductiontoprokaryotes

2）Classificationofprokaryotes

3）Kingdom:

Prokaryote:

Organismswithgeneticmaterial（DNA）notorganizedintoanucleus,i.e.,notsurroundedbyamembrane.Bacteria:

Havecellmembraneandcellwall.PartⅠ:

Gram-negativeaerobicrodsandcocci.PartⅡ:

Gram-negativefacultativeanaerobicrods.PartⅢ:

Irregular,Gram-positive,nonsporingrods.PartⅣ:

Actinomycetes:

Bacteriaformingbranchingfilaments.PartⅤ:

Mollicutes:

Prokaryotesthathaveacellmembranebutnocellwall.

4）Plantdiseasescausedbybacteria

5）Morphology

6）Plantdiseasescausedbymycoplamalikeorganisms

2．基本概念和知识点

1）mycoplasmalikeorganisms（MLO）,rickettsialikeorganisms,spiroplasma

2）morphologyofprokaryotes

3）diseasescausedbyprokaryotes

4）classificationofprokaryotes

3．问题与应用

（1）Howmanygeneraisprokaryotesclassified?

（2）Canprokaryotesbecultured?

第三节Plantdiseasescausedbyviruses

1．主要内容

1）Introductiontoviruses

2）constituentsofvirus

3）disruptingactionofvirustohostcell

4）Characteristicsofplantviruses

5）Detection

6）Satelliteviruses,viroids,virusoids,andsatelliteRNAs

7）Specificcropdiseasesbyviruses

2．基本概念和知识点

1）morphologyofvirus

2）multiplication

3）classification

4）detection

3．问题与应用

1）whatshapedoesvirusshow?

2）Howdoesvirusmultiply?

3）Howarevirusesclassified?

第三节Plantdiseasescausedbynematodes

1．主要内容

1）Introduction

2）Morphology

3）Anatomy

4）Lifecycles

5）Ecologyandspread

2．基本概念和知识点

1）esophagus,intestine,rectum,，anus，stylet，oviduct，uterus，vulva.，testis,seminalvesicle,intestine.copulatoryspicules，hermaphroditic,orparthenogenetic.

2）Allnematodeshavefourlarvalstages,

3）familyAphelenchoididae,Bursaphelenchus,Rhadinaphelenchus，root-knotnematodes:

Meloidogyne

3．问题与应用

1）whatstagedoesthenematodebegintopenetrateplant?

2）whatcharacteristicsdoBursaphelenchus,RhadinaphelenchusandMeloidogynehave?

（三）课后练习

TranslatethetextintoChinese

（四）教学手段和方法

（1）StudentsreadthetextandtranslateitintoChinese

（2）Studentsreadthetextfollowingteacher

（3）TeacheraskstudentssomequestionsinEnglish

Chapter3Plantdiseasediagnosis---Finaldiagnosis

（一）目的与要求

通过学习植物病害发生特点、病状类型、病征类型、田间分布状况，初步掌握病害的诊断方法，为病害防治打下基础。

（二）教学内容

1．主要内容

1）Plantdiseasediagnosis

（1）beabletoidentifyadiseaseanddisease-causingagent,

（2）beabletonarrowtheproblemdowntoseveralpossibilitiesthatwillrequirefurtherstudyinthelaboratorybeforehecanmakeafinaldiagnosis,or

（3）becompletelybaffledbytheproblem.

2）Finaldiagnosis

（1）hypothesisandmultipleiteration

（2）Fungalleafspots

（3）Bacterialleafspots

（4）Veinbanding

（5）MosaicandRingspot

（6）Leafdistortion

（7）Powderymildew

（8）Presenceofspores/sporestructures

（9）Leaforneedletipdeath

（10）Soilorchemicalinjury

（11）Wilts

（12）Shootdieback（顶枯）orblights

（13）Dyingbranchesoftreesandshrubs

（14）Deathoftreeandshrubtop

（15）Overallstuntingordecline

（16）Damping-off

2．基本概念和知识点

Hypothesis,iteration,symptom（generalandspecial）,sign（pathogenicstructure）,

3．问题与应用

（1）Howdoyoudiagnoseplantdiseases?

（2）Illustratethedifferencebetweeninfectiousanduninfectiousdiseases

（三）课外练习

TranslatethetextintoChinese

（四）教学手段和方法

（1）StudentsreadthetextandtranslateitintoChinese

（2）Studentsreadthetextfollowingteacher

（3）TeacheraskstudentssomequestionsinEnglish

Chapter4Cultivarmixtures

（一）目的与要求

通过学习作物的混合栽培，了解其对病原物传播和病原物多样性的影响、对病原物稳定化选择的作用，揭示生物多样性对病害防治的作用机理。

（二）教学内容

1．主要内容

1）Introductiontocultivarmixture

2）Anegativeconsequenceofgeneticuniformity

3）Asimplewaytoenhancegeneticdiversityistomixtheseedofcultivars（i.e.plantgenotypes）thatvaryintheirsusceptibilitytospecificpathogens.Thismethodensuresgeneticdiversificationwiththeadvantagethatitcanbeusedinadditiontoanyotherformofdiseasecontrol.

4）Whatisacultivarmixture?

5）Mechanismsbywhichcultivarmixturessuppressdisease

（1）Dilutioneffect

（2）Barriereffect.

（3）Inducedresistance.Inducedresistanceoccurswhenbiochemicalhostdefensesaretriggeredbyinoculationwithanavirulentrace.Triggeringthesedefensesslowstheinfectionprocessofvirulentpathogenracestowhichthehostisnormallysusceptible（more---）.

（4）Cropsanddiseasessuitedtocultivarmixtures

a.Sizeofgenotypeunitarea

b.Steepnessofdispersalgradient

c.Ultimatelesionsize

d.Pathogengenerationtime

6）China:

Efficacyofricemitureagainstriceblast

7）USA:

Effectofcultivarmixtures

2．基本概念和知识点

（1）cropmixture

（2）geneticuniformity

3）physiologicrace

4）geneticvulnerability

5）geneticstabilization（stabilizationchoice）

3．问题与应用

1）Howisgeneticstabilizationmade?

2）Howisgeneticvulnerabilitycaused?

3）Howareplantdiseasescontrolledbasedoncropmixture?

（三）课外练习

1）TranslatethetextintoChinese

2）Studentssearchforinformationaboutplantdiseasecontrolbasedoncropmixtureontheinternet

（四）教学手段和方法

（1）StudentsreadthetextandtranslateitintoChinese

（2）S