Grammar指定代词.docx

Grammar指定代词.docx

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Grammar指定代词

Grammar

Indefinitepronoun

IndefinitePronounreferstoanyofthepronounswhichdoesnothaveadefinitemeaningforanounoradjective

Themajorindefinitepronounsare:

onesomebothany

otheranothereachevery

alleitherneithernone

fewlittlemanymuch

someonesomebodysomethinganything

anyoneanybodyeveryoneeverybody

everythingnothingnobody

3-1one（s）

1）onecanrefertoapersonorthing,itisanounandsometimescanevenbeanadjective,andcanbethemembersofsubject,object,predicativeandattributive

Onemustdoone’sduty.（subject,attributive）

Oneshouldbestrictwithoneself.（subject,object）

2）oneandonescanbeusedtotaketheplaceofanounwhichevermentionedabove,toavoidrepetition.

Shedoesn’tlikeredgloves.Shelikesgreenones.

Idon’tlikethiscomputer.Couldyoushowmeanotherone?

Agoodbookisonewhichpleasesandteaches.

3）onecanbemodifiedbythe,this,that,either,another,whichetc.

Whichoneisyours,thisoneorthatone?

Therearesomechildrenoverthere.Theoneflyingkiteisherson.

Ofallthebooks,Iliketheoneswritteninbloodandtears.

4）onecanbeusedtogetherwithanadjective

Therearefivedogsinthepictures,twograyonesandthreeblackones.

ThebookiswrittenbyaChinesewriter,andayoungone.

HelikesAmericannovels,especiallytwenty-centuryones.

3-2someandanyaremostlyusedasthepronouns,cantakethemembersofsubjectandobject,andsometimestheycanbeusedasadjectives,modifycountableanduncountablenouns.Someusuallyisusedinthepositivesentence;anyisusuallyusedinthenegative,interrogativeandconditionsentences.

Theusageofsome:

Someofuslikemusic,andsomelikedancing.

Thereissomemilkinthebottle.

CouldIasksomequestions?

Theusageofany:

Idon’thaveanyfriendshere.

Doesanyofyouwanttogotherewithme?

Ifyouhaveanyproblem,pleaseturntome.

Youmaytakeanyofthebooksfromhere.

3-3few,afewandlittle,alittle

1）Few,afewtakeaspronounoradjectivestoreferormodifythepluralcountablenouns,whilefewhasthenegativemeaning,afewhasthepositivemeaning,theybothcanbeusedassubject,objectandattributiveinasentence.

Sincefewofyoushareofmyopinion,thenIhavenothingmoretosay.

Fewpeoplecanunderstandwhathehassaid.

Afewofdrankmuchwine.

Hesaidafewwordsatthemeeting.

2）littleandalittletakeaspronounoradjective,referormodifytheuncountablenouns,whilelittlehasthenegativemeaning,alittlehasthepositivemeaning.

Thereislittleleft.

Littleisknownabouttheauthor.

Hesaidalot,butdidlittle.

HeknowsalittleFrench,thatiswhyhecouldspeakwiththatFrenchman.

Shehasalittlehouseworktodotonight.

Don’tworry,thereisalittletimeleft.

3-4manyandmuch

manyandmuchcanbeusedaspronouns,manyreferstothepluralcountablenouns,muchreferstotheuncountablenouns,theybothcanbeusedassubjectandobject.Butsometimestheycanbeusedasadjectivesandappearinpositive,negativeandinterrogativesentences.

Manythinkthatheisthebestoneforthejob.

Howmanydoeshewant?

MuchhasbeendoneforthestudentsofNET.

TheteacherhasdonemuchforthestudentsofNET.

Manyboyswentskatingyesterday.

Muchmoneyhasbeenspentonbooks.

Wehadmuchrainherelastyear.

TheymademanyspellingmistakesintheirfirstEnglishwriting.

Istheremuchmilkleftinthebottle?

Therearen’tmanyrestaurantshere.

*plentyof,lotsof,alotofalsorefertomanyandmuch,theycanbothmodifythecountableanduncountablenouns

Ihaveplentyof（lotsof/alotof）homeworktodotonight.

Hehasplentyof（lotsof/alotof）questionstoask.

3-5someone（somebody）andanyone（anybody）,refertoperson,canbeusedassubjectandobject

someone（somebody）usedinapositiveandaninterrogativesentence

Someoneiswaitingforyou.

Didsomeonecallmethisafternoon?

Iheardsomebodysingingnextdoor.

anyone（anybody）usedinthepositive,negative,interrogativeandalsoinaconditionsentence

Doesanybodyliveupstairs?

Idon’tknowanyonehere.

Anybodycandoit.

*anyoneandanybodycannotbefollowedbyan‘ofphrase’

Anyoneofuscanunderstandwhathesaid.

Youmaytakeany（anyone）ofthesebooks.

everyone（everybody）usedonlyinapositivesentence

Everyonehereismyfriend.

Everybodycanworkoutthemathproblem.

*EverybodyinthisclasslikesEnglish,don’tthey?

3-6something,anything,nothing,everything,refertoathing

somethingusedinapositiveandaninterrogativesentencewithdesiringtogetaaffirmativeanswer

Hegaveussomethingtoeat.

Istheresomethingtoeat?

anythingusedinaninterrogative.Negativeandconditionsentence

Hecouldnotseeanything.

Didyoufindanythingstrangeintheroom?

nothinghasthenegativemeaning

There’snothingimportantintoday’slecture.

Takeiteasy,thereisnothingserious.

everythingusedinapositivesentence

Everythingisreadyhere.=Allisreadinghere.

3-7noone,nobody;noneandnothing

noonereferstopersonandcanbefollowedby‘of’,wecansay‘nooneofsb.butwecan’tsay‘nooneofsth.’

Nooneofuscananswerthedifficultquestion.

Noonecananswerthequestion.

nobodycannotbefollowedby‘of’

nonecanbothrefertoapersonorathing

Noneofusknow（s）theman.

Isthereanymilkinthebottle?

---None.

nothingonlyreferstoathing

What’sunderthetable?

----Nothing.

Thereisnothinginthebox.

3-8everyandeachbothrefertothesingularthingorperson,buttheyareuseddifferently

everyhastheemphasisofawholeandcannotbeusedseparatelyassubjectorobject,butcanbeusedasanadjective

EverystudentintheclasshasanEnglish-EnglishDictionary.=AllstudentsintheclasshaveanEnglish-EnglishDictionary.

Thereisacomputeroneverytable.

Shecamehereeveryfivedays.

eachreferstotheonefrommany,eachcanbeusedassubject,objectandattributive

EachofthestudentsherehasanEnglish-EnglishDictionary.

ThestudentshereeachhaveanEnglish-EnglishDictionary.

3-9allreferstopersonsandthingswhichareingreatnumberanditcanbeusedassubject,object,attributiveandadverbial

Allofthemarecollegegraduates.

Allisreadyfordinner.=Everythingisreadyfordinner.

Musicisherall.

Allarehere,let’sstart.

Allhasbeendonetosavehislife.

Allmeanshavebeendonetosavehislife.

Allthatmoneyislost.

3-10another,other,othersandtheothers

anotherisapronoun,canbeusedassubjectandobject

Heboughtthreearticles,oneisabagofsweet,anotherisabookandthethirdisashirt.

Ineedanothertwohelpersinthesubject.

Hehascontributedfiftydollarsandhewantstocontributeanotherfifty.

Theywalkedoutoftheclassroomoneafteranother.

Ifoneisnotenough,takeanother.

otherisanadjectivefollowedbythepluralnouns,whenitreferstoanother,itisfollowedbythesingularformofthenoun,especiallyreferstooneofthetwo,andifitreferstotheotherpersonandthing,thenjustuse‘theother’andcanbefollowedbyboththepluralandsingularnouns

Thereareotherwaysofsolvingthisproblem.

Doyouhaveanyotherquestions?

Mysonishere,butwherearetheotherboys?

Putitinyouotherhand.

Thisseatisfree,buttheotherseatistaken.

Herearetwotickets,oneisforMaryandtheotherisforLily.

Thecouplelefttheroomoneaftertheother.

Iheardthenewstheotherday.

Hephonedmeeveryotherdaywhenhewasabroad.

Othersisapronoun,referstopersononly,canbetogetherwithsomeandany

Don’tlaughatothersespeciallywhentheyareintrouble..

Weshouldthinkmoreoftheothers.

Givehersomeothers,sheissolovely.

Wehavealotofapples,someareredandothersaregreen.

theothersisespeciallyreferstoacertain,definitegroupofpeopleorthingsanditcanbeusedassubjectandobject

Therearefortysixstaffsinthiscompany,fortyaremalesandtheothersarefemale.

Thismathproblemissodifficultformetoworkout,butIcandotheothers.

*one…theother

one…theothers

one…another

one…another…thethird

one…another…theother…thefourth