大连外国语学院英语语言学真题doc.docx
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大连外国语学院英语语言学真题doc
大连外国语学院英语语言学真题2008年
(总分:
150.00,做题时间:
90分钟)
Ⅰ
1."Languageoperatesbyrules"isafundamentalviewaboutlanguage.
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2.ThefeaturesthatdefineourhumanlanguagescanbecalledDESIGNFEATURES.
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3.Thebow-wowtheoryisatheoryontheoriginoflanguage.
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4.Syntaxreferstothestudyoftherulesgoverningthewaywordsarecombinedtoformsentencesinalanguage.
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5.Whenthevocalfoldsareapart.Theaircanpassthrougheasilyandthesoundproducedissaidtobevoiced.
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6.Thesoundsegmentsaregroupedintoconsonantsandvowels.
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7.Uvularismadewiththebackofthetongueandtheuvula.
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8.Phoneticsimilaritymeansthattheallophonesofaphonememustbearsomemorphologicalresemblance.
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9.Asyllablecanbedividedintotwoparts,theNUCLEUSandtheCODA.
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10.Wordsarethemoststableofalllinguisticunitsinrespectoftheirinternalstructure.
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11.Freemorphememayconstitutewordsbythemselves.
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12.INVENTIONisaformofcompounding,inwhichtwowordsareblendedbyjoiningtheinitialpartofthefirstwordandthefinalpartofthesecondword,orbyjoiningtheinitialpartsofthetwowords.
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13.InEnglish,nounshavethreecases—nominative,accusativeandgenitive.
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14.AccordingtoSaussure,therelationbetweentheSignifiedandthesignifierisarbitrary.
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15.Anaphorisusedinabroadsensetoincludeonlyreflexivelike"myself"andreciprocalslike"eachother".
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16.TheideathatthemeaningofasentencedependsonthemeaningsoftheconstituentwordsandthewaytheyarecombinedisusuallyknownastheprincipleofCOMPOSITIONALITY.
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17.Whenyouuseyourownsentencewithameaningotherthantheconceptual,themeaningissometimesreferredtoasspeaker'smeaning,orcontextualmeaning.
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18.Metonymyisakindoffigurativelanguagewhichisusuallyclassedasatypeofsynecdoche.Itreferstousingthenameofpartofanobjecttotalkaboutthewholething,andviceversa,astheuseof"hands"in"Weareshortofhands".
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19.AUTHORIALSTYLElookscloselyathowlinguisticchoiceshelptoconstructtextualmeaning.Whenweexamineit,wewillneedtoexaminelinguisticchoiceswhichareintrinsicallyconnectedwithmeaningandeffectonthereader.
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20.Thestructuralsyllabusdoesnothaveastronglinguisticbasis.Theaimofthestructuralsyllabusisspecifyingthesituationsinwhichthetargetlanguageisused.
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Ⅱ
21.Arbitrarinessoflanguagemakesitpotentiallycreative,andCoflanguagemakeslearningalanguagelaborious.Forlearnersofaforeignlanguage,itisthisfeatureoflanguagethatismoreworthnoticingthanitsarbitrariness.
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22.TheprincipleofACreationcanaccountfortheco-existenceoftwoforms,regularandirregular,intheconjugationofsomeEnglishverbs.
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23.TheprincipleofRisdefinedas"Everyactofostensivecommunicationcommunicatesthepresumptionofitsownoptimalrelevance".
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24.Visthedegreetowhichatestmeasureswhatitismeanttomeasure.
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25.CAnalysisincomputationallinguisticsisconcernedwithdescribingthecontentsofdocumentsinaformsuitableforcomputerprocessing.
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26.Caretwolinesofverse,usuallyconnectedbyarhyme.
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27.Bynismeantthataconversationalimplicatureisattachedtothesemanticcontentofwhatissaid,nottothelinguisticform.
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28.Somesentencesdonotdescribethings.Theycannotbesaidtobetrueorfalse.Theutteranceofthesesentencesisorisapartofthedoingofanaction.Theyarecalledp.
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29.Thertheoryisatheoryofmeaningwhichrelatesthemeaningofawordtothethingitreferstoorstandsfor.
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30.Endocentricconstructionsmaybedividedintotwosubtypes—sandcoordinateconstructions.
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Ⅲ
31.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?
A.Languageisameansofvocalcommunication.
B.Languageisinstrumental.
C.Languageissocialandconventional.
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A.
B.
C.
32.WhichofthefollowingisNOTafrequentlydiscusseddesignfeature?
A.Arbitrariness
B.Convention
C.Duality
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A.
B.
C.
33.ThefunctionsoflanguagedoNOTinclude______.
A.informativefunction
B.interpersonalfunction
C.metacognitivefunction
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A.
B.
C.
34.Whichofthefollowingisamainbranchoflinguistics?
A.Macrolinguistics.
B.Psycholinguistics.
C.Sociolinguistics
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A.
B.
C.
35.Saussureiscloselyconnectedwith______.
A.Langue
B.Competence
C.Etic
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A.
B.
C.
36.Thestudyofphysicalpropertiesofthesoundsproducedinspeechiscloselyconnectedwith______.
A.articulatoryphonetics
B.acousticphonetics
C.auditoryphonetics
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A.
B.
C.
37.ThecategoriesofconsonantareNOTestablishedonthebasisof______.
A.mannersofarticulation
B.placeofarticulation
C.narrowtranscription
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A.
B.
C.
38.WhichofthefollowingCANNOTbeconsideredasminimalpair?
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A.
B.
C.
39.WhichofthefollowingareNOTinstancesofASSIMILATION?
A.Nasalization
B.Dentalization
C.Variation
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A.
B.
C.
40.Inasyllable,avoweloftenservesas______.
A.PeakorNucleus
B.Onset
C.Coda
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A.
B.
C.
41.Intermsofthemeaningexpressedbywords,theycanbeclassifiedinto______.
A.grammaticalwordsandlexicalwords
B.contentwordsandlexicalwords
C.grammaticalwordsandfunctionwords
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A.
B.
C.
42.______otherthancompoundsmaybedividedintorootsandaffixes.
A.Polymorphemicwords
B.Boundmorphemes
C.Freemorphemes
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A.
B.
C.
43.Whichtwotermscanbestdescribethefollowingpairsofwords:
table—tables,day+break—daybreak.
A.inflectionandcompound
B.compoundandderivation
C.inflectionandderivation
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A.
B.
C.
44.WhichofthefollowingisNOTaprocessofthelexicalchange?
A.INVENTION.
B.ACRONYM.
C.LEXICON.
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A.
B.
C.
45.Thestructuralapproachtotheanalysisoflanguageisconnectedwith______.
A.THEMEandRHEME
B.GOVERNMENTandBINDING
C.IMMEDIATECONSTITUENTANALYSIS
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A.
B.
C.
46.WhichofthefollowingisNOTincludedinG.Leech'sseventypesofmeaning?
A.Connotativemeaning.
B.Denotativemeaning.
C.Conceptualmeaning.
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A.
B.
C.
47.Therearegenerallythreekindsofsenserelationsrecognized,samenessrelation,opposite-nessrelationandinclusivenessrelation.Theyarerepresentedby______respectively.
A.synonymy,antonymy,andhyponymy
B.synonymy,hyponymy,andantonymy
C.antonymy,synonymy,andhyponymy
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A.
B.
C.
48.______studiestheinternalstructureofsimplepropositions.
A.Predicatecalculus
B.Propositionalcalculus
C.Sententialcalculus
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A.
B.
C.
49.AccordingtoGarrett,theerrorsthatdemonstrateforwardplanninginspeechproductionincludeallthefollowingEXCEPT______.
A.spoonerism
B.anticipationerror
C.grammaticalerror
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A.
B.
C.
50.FourcategoriesofMaximsinGrice'sCooperativePrincipleincludeallthefollowingEX-CEPT______.
A.Manner
B.Relation
C.Qualification
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A.
B.
C.
Ⅳ
ColunmA
ColumnB
1)Fricative
(a)porkandsports
2)Glottal
(b)ball-balls
3)Aspiratedandunaspirated
(c)"tea"inEnglish
4)Englishsyllable
(d)(C)v(C)
5)Chinesesyllable
(e)[h]
6)Adjectivecompound
(f)editor-edit
7)Back-formation
(g)(((C)C)C)v((((C)C)C)C)
8)Broadening
(h)thought-provoking
9)Loanword
(i)[f]
10)inflectionalaffix
(j)bird—youngbird—anykindofbird
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10.00)
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Ⅴ
ColumnA
ColumnB
1)Horn
(a)"fatherofmodemlinguistics"
2)Malinowski
(b)Systemic-functionalGrammar
3)Halliday
(c)theQ-principleandtheR-principle
4)Hyme
(d)alargebodyofmachine-readabletexts
5)Saussure
(e)communicativecompetence
6)computercorpus
(f)correctgrammaticallybutimproperinacommunicational
context
7)mistake
(g)"linguisticenvironment"and"meaningasfunctionsinthe
contextofsituation"
8)syllabus
(h)constructedbysecondorforeignlanguagelearners
9)interlanguage
(i)speaker'smeaning,contextualmeaning,orextrameaning
10)illocutionaryforce
(j)theplanningofacourseofinstruction
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Ⅵ.
51.Creativity
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