高中英语易错点点睛与高考突破专题14 阅读理解解析版.docx
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高中英语易错点点睛与高考突破专题14阅读理解解析版
【2015高考预测】
阅读理解是我们学习英语的主要目的之一,是我们获取外来信息的重要途径。
阅读理解是综合读者各方面知识的过程,通过阅读能看出作者的主要意图和文章的基调;从有关资料中汲取有用的东西;对不重要情节或信息一带而过;根据阅读目的和材料的难易程度调整阅读速度和方法;根据作者的描述得出自己的结论;掌握并利用语境猜测词的多种含义的;根据阅读材料快速读懂图表;根据短文的内容填空等等。
一、命题趋向
1.阅读材料更趋向于真实性、实用性和教育性
关注实际生活的选材特点在近年的NMET阅读理解试题中已经呈现出明显的增强趋势。
这种趋势与当前基础教育的改革要求是一致的。
中学生语言学习的根本目的应当与基础教育的根本目标一致,即:
学会求知、学会做事、学会合作、学会做人。
真实性和适用性选材是适应基础教育英语课程改革的目标而出现的;选材的教育性是基于阅读的第二层面而设立的,即考生不仅要懂得文章的意思,还要进行思考。
2.问题的创设将会更加灵活多样,尤以整体理解和推理为主
阅读理解创设的问题大多不能按字面意思随手拈来,需要归纳、概括中心,推测作者意图、挖掘深层含义。
有些题目还要加以逻辑推理才能选择出正确答案。
3.由猜测词义到对整个句子意义的理解将是一个新的命题热点
词义猜测题在近几年的阅读命题中屡见不鲜。
一般是利用上下文,通过对应结构或平行结构中同义词或反义词来进行判断。
近年来考试突破了这个圈圈,命题者要求考生在对文章的整体理解上来理解某个熟悉的词汇或短语在真实语境中新的含义。
4.所选材料的结构复杂化,生疏但能读懂的短语和表达方式将达到一定的数量
英语新课程标准中,阅读理解的要求更高。
在典型例题卷的阅读理解中就出现了许多考生感到陌生的短语。
如B篇中有tolooktheotherway;E篇中的inthegreatmajorityof等。
这些短语的出现在一定的程度上加大了难度,但符合《考试说明》的要求,也体现了语言学习的适用性和灵活性。
5.填空题
填空题则重在要求考生从文中获取信息,然后转述文章的内容,这不是抄袭照搬,它对运用语言提出了较高的要求。
可以说,填空题的能力要求在阅读题之上。
填空题是考查学生的阅读和书面表达的能力,复习的关键还是要加强基本功。
二、提高阅读理解能力的途径
1.平时多阅读。
如英文报纸、杂志、读物,这样可以培养良好的阅读习惯,克服对生词的恐惧心理,从而达到提高阅读速度和阅读能力的目的。
根据不同情况调整阅读速度,要知道在什么时候快读,什么时候慢读。
一般说来,对我们有用或重要的信息我们就要放慢速度,对我们不重要的信息可以一带而过,这样才可以在整体上提高阅读速度。
2.扩大知识面。
要对社会、科学、文学、史地、艺术等多个领域特别是有关英美等国家的情况都要有所了解。
3.积累适合自己的阅读技巧和做题方法,在做题时做到有的放矢。
4.扩大词汇量。
有限的词汇量必然影响你的阅读能力的提高。
生词的含义只有在上下文中才能完全展现出来,并易于被记住、理解、掌握;同时还可以利用构词法记忆单词,这对于阅读是特别有用。
【难点突破】
难点一人际关系
例1、Mostmenhavesomewhattumultuousrelationshipswiththeirfathers.Welovethem,admirethem,hatethem,rebelagainstthem,andideallyendupwithagreatfriendwhereaparentusedtobe.Makingthattransitioncanbechallenging,though.Herearesometipstohelpyouapproachyourfatheronama
ntomanlevel.
Firstofall,youdon'thavetogettooemotional.
Ifyou'reuncomfortablewiththeideaofbaringyouremotions,chancesareprettygoodthatyourdadfeelsthesameway.Yousimplyneedtotaketherightapproach,
onethatallowsyoutotalkwithyourfatherandlearnabouthim,butwithoutmakingeverythingfeellikeaTVdrama.
Hobbies
areagoodplacetostart.Ifyourdadtaughtyouanyofthepastimesthatyoucurrentlyenjoy,diverightbackintothemandsho
whimwhatyou'velearned.Yourhobbywillserveasagoodstartpointtohelpyoudevelopahealthy
friendship.Don'timmediatelyjumpintotime
intensiveactivitiessuchascampingorfishingtrips.Trytosetuparegulartimetojusthangout.Let'ssayy
oudon'th
aveanyhobbiesincommonwithyourfather.Many_guys_are_in_this_position.Thisiswherebeercomesin.Justmeetyourdadatabartoputoneortwoback,orifyoudon'tdrink,getacasualdinnersomewhere.
Don'tactlikeakid.Rem
emberthatifyouwantyourdadtotreatyouliketheadultyouare,you'vegottoshowhimthatyou'vegrownup.Bewillingtotalkaboutthingssuchasmoney,sexandother
taboosubjectsthatyouregularlydiscusswithyourfriends.Yourdadcantakeit.He'sbeendoingthiswhole“life”thinglongerthanyouhave.Justbefrankandhonest.
Tobuildarelationshipwithyourfatherasanadult,youneedtoshowhimrespectandinvestsometime.It'snottheeasiestthingintheworld,butit'simportant.Therearethousandsofguysouttherewho'dlovetobeabletotalktotheirfathers;makethemjealous.Takethefirststep.
Note:
长短句分析:
Yousimplyneedtotaketherightapproach,onethatallowsyoutotalkwithyourfatherandlearnabouthim,but
withoutmakingeverythingfeellikeaTVdrama.
句法点睛:
one指代approach,关系词that引导定语从句,在从句中作主语。
句意:
你只需要选择正确的方法,一种让你跟父亲谈话并向他学习的方法,但是不要做得像电视剧一样(假)。
本文是一篇说明文,主要教成年男子如何处理好和父亲之间的关系,列举了三点。
1.Whatshouldyoudo,ifbothyouandyourfartherarenotgoodatbaringemotions?
A.Talkaboutyourcommonhobbies.
B.Makeeverythin
gfeltlikeaTVdrama.
C.WatchTVtogetherwithyourfather.
D.PutupaTVdramaforyourfather.
2.Whatdoestheauthormea
nbysayingtheunderlinedsentence?
A.Manyguysaresittinginthewrongposition.
B.Manyguysdon'tshareanycommonhobbieswiththeirfathers.
C.Manyguyshavetherightthought
D.Manyguyshavenohobby.
3.Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?
A.Theproblemsbetweenfatherandson.
B.Howtoapproachyourfatherfreelyasanadultman.
C.Howtoactasanadultbeforeyourfather.
D.Tipsformenabouthowtocheertheirfatherup.
4.Forwhomisthispassagewritten?
A.Fathers.B.Adultsons.
C.Mothers.D.Physiologists.
难点二健康饮食
例2、Ihavebeenconsistentlyopposedtofeedingababyregularly.Asadoctor,motherandscientistinchilddevelopmentIbelievethereisnothingtorecommendit,fromthebaby'spointofview.
Mothers,doctorsandnursesalikehavenoideaofwhereababy'sbloodsugarlevellies.Allweknowisthatalowlevelisharmfultobraindevelopmentandmakesababyeasilyannoyed.Inthisstate,thebabyisdifficulttocalmdownandsleepisimpossible.Thebabyasksforattentionbycryingandsearchingforfoodwithitsmouth.
Itisnotjustunkindbutalsodangeroustosayafourhourlyfeedingschedulewillmakea
babysatisfied.ThefirstoftheexpertstoadvocateastrictclockwatchingschedulewasDrFredericTrubyKingwhowasagainstfeedingin
thenight.I'veneverheardanythingsoridiculous.Babyfeedingshouldn'tfollowatimetablesetbythemum.Whatisimportantisfeedingababyinthebestway,thoughitmaycausesomeinconvenienceinthefirstfewweeks.
Well,atlastwehavecopperbottomedresearchthatsupportsdemandfeedingandpointsouttheweaknessesofstrictlytimedfeeding.Theresearchfindsoutthatbabieswhoarefedondemanddobetteratschoolatage5,7,11and14,thanbabiesfedaccordingtotheclock.Bytheageof8,theirIQ(智商)scoresarefourtofivepercenth
igherthanbabiesfedbyarigidtimetable.ThisresearchcomesfromOxfordandEssexUniversityusingasample(样本)of10,419childrenbornintheearly1990s,takingaccountofparentaleducation,familyincome,achild'ssexandage,themother'shealthandfeedingstyle.Theseresultsdon'tsurpriseme.Feedingaccordingtoschedulerunstheriskofharmingtherapidlygrowingbrainbytakingnoaccountofsinkingbloodsugarlevels.
Ihopethisresearchwillputanendtoadvocatingstri
ctlytimedbabyfeedingpractices.
【语篇解读】本文关于婴儿喂养的时间提出了不同的看法,作者认为严格按照时间表喂婴儿是错的。
1.WhatdoestheauthorthinkaboutDrKing?
A.Heisstrict.
B.Heisunkind.
C.Hehasthewrongidea.
D.Hesetsatimetableformothers.
2.ThewordcopperbottomedinParagraph4isclosestinmeaningto________.
A.basicB.reliable
C.surprisingD.interesting
3.Whatdoestheresearchtellusaboutfeedingababyondemand?
A.Thebabywillsleepwell.
B.Thebabywillhaveitsbrainharmed.
C.Thebabywillhavealowbloodsugarlevel.
D.Thebabywillgrowtobewiserbyth
eageof8.
4.Theauthorsupportsfeedingthebaby________.
A.inthenight
B.everyfourhours
C.wheneveritwantsfood
D.accordingtoitsbloodsugarlevel
例3、Doyoulovetheholidays,buthatethepoundsthatfollow?
Youarenotalone.Holidaysaretimesforfeastingandcelebrating.Manypeopleareworriedabouttheirweig
ht.Withp
roperplanning,though,
itispossibletokeepnormalweightduringtheholidays.Whetheritiscelebratingattheofficepartyorsittingdownforthetraditionalfamilydinner,regardeatingasatimefortastingavarietyofthefoods.Theideaistoenjoytheholidaysbutnottoeattoomuch.Youdon'thavetoturnawayfromthefoodsthatyouenjoy.
Herearesometipsforpreventingweightgainandmaintainingphysicalfitness:
Don'tskipmeals.Beforeyouleavehome,haveasmall,lowfatmealorsnack.Thismayhelptoavoidgettingtooexcitedbeforedeliciousfoods.
Controlportions.Useasmallplate(about10inches)andputasidethelargeonesthatmayencourageyouto“loadup.”Youshouldbemostcomfortableeatinganamountoffoodaboutthesizeofyourfist.Onceyouhaveyour“tasting”serving,moveawayfromthebuffet.Doingsowillmakeitlesstemptingtobeeatingconstantlyasyourappetiteisinspiredbythesightoffood.
Beginwithsoupandfruitorvegetables.Fillupbeforehandonwaterbasedsoupandrawfruitorvegetables.Ordrinkalargeglassofwaterbeforeyoueattohelpyoufeelfull.
Sticktophysicalactivity.Don'tletexercisetakeab
reakduri
ngtheholidays.A20minutewalkafteramealcanhelpburnoffexcesscalories.
Avoidhighfatfoods.Dishesthatlookoilyorcreamymayhavealargeamountoffat.Chooseleanmeats.Fillyourplatewithsaladandgreenvegetables.Uselemonjuiceinsteadofdressingorbutter.
Notes:
①buffetn.自助餐 ②temptingadj.诱惑的
【语篇解读】本文是实用文体阅读。
全文介绍了在假期合理安排饮食以保持标准体重的办法。
1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue
accordingtothepassage?
A.Youhadbetterturnyourattentionawayfromdeliciousfoods.
B.Drinkingsomewaterofsoupbeforeeatinghelpsyoueatless.
C.Holidaysarehappydayswithpleasurebuttheymaybringweightproblems.
D.Physicalexercisecanreducethechanceofputtingonweight.
2.WhichofthefollowingCANNOThelploseweightaccordingtothepa
ssage?
A.Leanmeats.
B.Dressingorbutter.
C.Rawfruitorvegetables.
D.Physicalexercise.
3.Manypeoplecan'tcontroltheirweightaftertheholidaysmainlybecausethey________.
A.can'thelpbeingtemptedtoea
tconstantly
B.takepartintoomanyparties
C.enjoydeliciousfoods
D.can'thelpturningawayfromthefoods
4.Ifthepassageappearsinthenewspaper,youthinkitshouldbelongto________Column.
A.HolidaysandFestivals
B.HealthandFitness
C.FashionandFrontier
D.StudentTimesClub
三创造发明
例4、Earlyi
ntheautumnof1674,HenryOldenburg,secretaryoftheRoyalSocietyinLondon,receivedanextraordinaryletter.SentbyAntonivanLeeuwenhoek,adraperfromDelftintheNetherlands,itcontainedanunlikelysoundingcl
aim.
Usingamicroscopeofhisowninvention,vanLeeuwenhoekhadseentinycreatures,invisibletothenake