工程常用词汇.docx
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工程常用词汇
结构工程常用词汇
混凝土:
concrete
钢筋:
reinforcingsteelbar
钢筋混凝土:
reinforcedconcrete(RC)
钢筋混凝土结构:
reinforcedconcretestructure
板式楼梯:
crankedslabstairs
刚度:
rigidity
徐变:
creep
水泥:
cement
钢筋保护层:
covertoreinforcement
梁:
beam
柱:
column
板:
slab
剪力墙:
shearwall
基础:
foundation
剪力:
shear
剪切变形:
sheardeformation
剪切模量:
shearmodulus
拉力:
tension
压力:
pressure
延伸率:
percentageofelongation
位移:
displacement
应力:
stress
应变:
strain
应力集中:
concentrationofstresses
应力松弛:
stressrelaxation
应力图:
stressdiagram
应力应变曲线:
stress-straincurve
应力状态:
stateofstress
钢丝:
steelwire
箍筋:
hoopreinforcement
箍筋间距:
stirrupspacing
加载:
loading
抗压强度:
compressivestrength
抗弯强度:
bendingstrength
抗扭强度:
torsionalstrength
抗拉强度:
tensilestrength
裂缝:
crack
屈服:
yield
屈服点:
yieldpoint
屈服荷载:
yieldload
屈服极限:
limitofyielding
屈服强度:
yieldstrength
屈服强度下限:
lowerlimitofyield
荷载:
load
横截面:
crosssection
承载力:
bearingcapacity
承重结构:
bearingstructure
弹性模量:
elasticmodulus
预应力钢筋混凝土:
prestressedreinforcedconcrete
预应力钢筋:
prestressedreinforcement
预应力损失:
lossofprestress
预制板:
precastslab
现浇钢筋混凝土结构:
cast-in-placereinforcedconcrete
双向配筋:
two-wayreinforcement
主梁:
mainbeam
次梁:
secondarybeam
弯矩:
moment
悬臂梁:
cantileverbeam
延性:
ductileity
受弯构件:
memberinbending
受拉区:
tensileregion
受压区:
compressiveregion
塑性:
plasticity
轴向压力:
axialpressure
轴向拉力:
axialtension
吊车梁:
cranebeam
可靠性:
reliability
粘结力:
cohesiveforce
外力:
externalforce
弯起钢筋:
bent-upbar
弯曲破坏:
bendingfailure
屋架:
rooftruss
素混凝土:
non-reinforcedconcrete
无梁楼盖:
flatslab
配筋率:
reinforcementratio
配箍率:
stirrupratio
泊松比:
Poisson’sratio
偏心受拉:
eccentrictension
偏心受压:
eccentriccompression
偏心距:
eccentricdistance
疲劳强度:
fatiguestrength
偏心荷载:
eccentricload
跨度:
span
跨高比:
span-to-depthratio
跨中荷载:
midspanload
框架结构:
framestructure
集中荷载:
concentratedload
分布荷载:
distributionload
分布钢筋:
distributionsteel
挠度:
deflection
设计荷载:
designload
设计强度:
designstrength
构造:
construction
简支梁:
simplebeam
截面面积:
areaofsection
浇注:
pouring
浇注混凝土:
concreting
钢筋搭接:
barsplicing
刚架:
rigidframe
脆性:
brittleness
脆性破坏:
brittlefailure
土木工程常用英语术语
第一节一般术语
1.工程结构buildingandcivilengineeringstructures
2.工程结构设计designofbuildingandcivilengineeringstructures
3.房屋建筑工程buildingengineering
4.土木工程civilengineering
5.公路工程highwayengineering
6.铁路工程railwayengineering
7.港口与航道工程port(harbour)andwaterwayengineering
8.水利工程hydraulicengineering
9.水利发电工程(水电工程)hydraulicandhydroelectricengineering
10.建筑物(构筑物)constructionworks
11.结构structure
12.基础foundation
13.地基foundationsoil;subgrade;subbase;ground
14.木结构timberstructure
15.砌体结构masonrystructure
16.钢结构steelstructure
17.混凝土(砼)结构concretestructure
18.特种工程结构specialengineeringstructure
19.房屋建筑building
20.工业建筑industrialbuilding
21.民用建筑civilbuilding;civilarchitecture
22.公路highway
23.公路网highwaynetwork
24.高速公路freeway
25.干线公路arterialhighway
26.支线公路feederhighway
27.铁路(铁道)railway;railroad
28.标准轨距铁路standardgaugerailway
29.宽轨距铁路broadgaugerailway
30.窄轨距铁路narrowgaugerailway
31.铁路枢纽railwayterminal
32.铁路车站railwaystation
33.港口port;harbour
34.港口水工建筑物marinestructure
35.通航(过船)建筑物navigationstructure;navigationconstruction
36.灯塔lighthouse
37.水利waterconservancy
38.水利枢纽multipurposehydraulicproject;keywater-controlproject;hydro-junction
39.水库reservoir
40.水工建筑物hydraulicstructure;marinestructure;maritimeconstruction
41.档水建筑物waterretainingstructure;retainingworks
42.进水(取水)建筑物intakestructure
43.泄水建筑物outletstructure;outletworks;sluiceworks
44.输水建筑物conveyancestructure
45.整治建筑物rcgulatingstructure;trainingstructurerectificationstructure
46.水电站hydro-electricstation;hydropowerstation
47.水泵站(抽水站、扬水站、提水站)pumpstation
48.过木建筑物(过木设施)raftpassfacilitylogpassfacility
49.过钿建筑物(过钽设施)fishpassfacility
50.安全设施safetydevice
第二节房屋建筑结构术语
1.混合结构mixedstructure
2.板柱结构slab-columesystem
3.框架结构framestructure
4.拱结构archstructure
5.折板结构folded-platestructure
6.壳体结构shellstructure
7.风架结构spacetrussstructure
8.悬索结构cable-suspendedstructure
9.充气结构pneumaticstructure
10.剪力墙(结构墙)结构shearwallstructure
11.框架—剪力墙结构frame-shearwallstructure
12.筒体结构tubestructure
13.悬挂结构suspendedstructure
14.高耸结构high-risestructure
第三节公路路线和铁路线路术语
1.公路路线highway
2.公路线形highwayalignment
3.平面线形horizontalalignment
4.纵面线形verticalalignment
5.公路选线routeselection
6.公路定线routelocation
7.平面线horizontalcurve
8.竖曲线verticalcurve
9.变坡点gradechangepoint
10.路线交叉routeintersection
11.铁路线路permanentway
12.铁路选线railwaylocation
13.铁路定线location
14.正线mainline
15.站线sidings
16.最小曲线半径minimumradiusofcurve
17.坡段gradesection
18.最大坡度maximumgrade
19.平面交叉gradecrossing
20.立体交叉gradeseparation
第四节桥、涵洞和隧道术语
1.桥bridge
2.简支梁桥simplesupportedgirderbridge
3.连续梁桥continuousgirderbridge
4.悬臂梁桥cantilevergirderbridge
5.斜拉(斜张)桥cablestayedbridge
6.悬索(吊)桥suspensionbridge
7.桁架桥trussedbridge
8.框架桥framebridge
9.刚构(刚架)桥rigidframebridge
10.拱桥archbridge
11.漫水桥submersiblebridge
12.浮桥pontoonbridge
13.正交桥rightbridge
14.斜交桥skewbridge
15.跨线(立交)桥gradeseparatedbridge;overpassbridge
16.高架桥viaduct
17.正(主)桥mainspan
18.引桥approachspan
19.弯桥curvedbridge
20.坡桥Rampbridge
21.公路铁路两用桥combinedbridge;highwayandrailwaytransitbridge
22.开合桥movablebridge
23.单线桥single-trackbridge
24.双线桥double-trackbridge
25.桥跨结构(上部结构)bridgesuperstructure
26.桥面系bridgefloorsystem
27.桥支座bridgebearing;bridgesupport
28.桥下部结构bridgesubstructure
29.索塔(桥塔)bridgetower
30.桥台abutment
31.桥墩pier
32.涵洞culvert
33.隧道(洞)tunnel
34.隧道洞口(洞门)tunnelportal
35.隧道(洞)围岩tunnelsurroundingrock
36.隧道(洞)衬砌tunnellining
第五节水工期建筑物术语
1.坝dam
2.坝轴线damaxis
3.重力坝gravitydam
4.拱坝archdam
5.支墩坝buttressdam
6.土石坝earth-rockdam;embankmentdam
或填筑建成的坝。
7.混凝土坝concretedam
8.橡胶坝rubberdam;flexibledam;fabricdam
9.丁坝spurdike;groin
10.顺坝trainingdike
11.溢洪道spillway
12.堰(溢流堰)weir
13.围堰cofferdam
14.水工隧洞hydraulictunnel
15.深式进水口deepwaterintake
16.堤坝式水电站damtypehydropowerstation
17.引水(引水道)式水电站diversionconduittypehydropowerstaion
18.潮汐电站tidalpowerstation
19.抽水蓄能电站pumpedstoragepowerstation
20.水电站厂房powerhouseofhydropowerstation
21.前池forebay
23.调压室surgechamber
24.尾水渠tailrace
25.船闸navigationlock
26.升船机shilift;shipelevator
27.水闸sluice;barrage
28.渠道caual
29.渡槽aqueduct;bridgedflume
30.陡坡chute
31.跌水drop
32.坝内廊道系统gallerysystem
33.消能防冲设施energydissipatingandanti-scourfacility
34.防渗设施seepagecontrolfacility
35.排水设施drainagefacility
36.反滤设施(倒滤设施)reversefilter
37.水轮泵站turbine-pumpstation
38.水锤泵站ramstation
39.坝下埋管underdamculvert
40.沉消池siltingbasin
41.堤dike;levee
42.防波堤breakwater;mole
43.码头wharf;quay
44.斜坡码头slopedwharf
45.墩式码头dolphinwharf
46.重力式码头gravityquay-wall
47.板桩码头sheet-pilequay-wall
48.高桩码头openpieronpiles;high-pilewharf
49.浮(趸船)码头floatingpier;pontoonwharf
50.船坞dock
51.船台ship-buildingberth
52.滑道slipway
第六节结构构件和部件术语
1.构件member
2.部件component;assemblyparts
3.截面section
4.梁beam;girder
5.拱arch
6.板slab;plate
7.壳shell
8.柱column
9.墙wall
一10.桁架truss
11.框架frame
12.排架bentframe
13.刚架(刚构)rigidframe
14.简支梁simplysupportedbeam
15.悬臂梁cantileverbeam
16.两端固定梁beamfixedatbothends
17.连续梁continuousbeam
18.叠合梁superposedbeam
19.桩pile
20.板桩sheetpile
21.路面pavement
22.行车道carriageway
23.变速车道speed-changelane
24.人行道sidewalk
25.分隔带Laneseparator
26.自行车道bicyclepath
27.公路路肩roadshoulder
28.路基边沟subgradesideditch
29.截水沟(天沟)catchditch;interceptingchannel
30.排水沟drainageditch
31.护坡slopeprotection;revetment
32.挡土墙retainingwall
33.铁路轨道railwaytrack
34.钢轨rail
35.轨枕sleeper
36.轨排trackskeleton
37.道床bed
38.道碴ballast
39.道岔turnout
40.铁路调车驼峰railwayshuntinghump
41.无缝线路continuousweldedrail
42.钢轨扣件railfastening
43.护轮轨guardrail
44.铁路路肩railwayshoulder
45.码头胸墙wharfshoulder
46.卸荷板relievingslab
47.靠船构件berthingmember
48.系船柱mooringpostbollard
49.系船环mooringring
50.闸室sluicechamber
51.闸门sluicegate;lockgate
52.闸墩sluicepier
53.护坦apron
54.海漫apronextension
55.消能池(消力池)stillingbasin
56.消能戽(消力戽)rollerbucket
57.防渗铺盖apron;imperviousblanket
58.防渗帷幕imperviouscurtain;cut-off
59.止水sealing;seal;waterstop
60.连接connection
61.节点joint
62.伸缩缝expansionandcontractionjoint
63.沉降缝settlementjoint
64.防震缝aseismicjoint
65.施工缝constructionjoint
第七节地基和基础术语
1.扩展(扩大)基础spreadfoundation
2.刚性基础rigidfoundation
3.独立基础singlefooting
4.联合基础combinedfooting
5.条形基础stripfouncation
6.壳体基础shellfoundation
7.箱形基础boxfoundation
8.筏形基础raftfoundation
9.桩基础pilefoundation
10.沉井基础opencaissonfoundation
11.管柱基础cylinderpilefoundation;cylindercaissonfoundation
12.沉箱基础caissonfoundation
13.路基subgradeofhighway(railway)
14.基床bed;bedding
第八节结构可靠性和设计方法术语
1.可靠性reliability
2.安全性safety
3.适用性serviceability
4.耐久性durability
5.基本变量basicvariable
6.设计基准期designreferenceperiod
7.可靠概率probabilityofsurvival
8.失效概率probabilityoffailure
9.可靠指标reliabilityindex
10.校准法calibration
11.定值设计法deterministicmethod
12.概率设计法probabilisticmethod
13.容许应力设计法permissible(allowable)stressesmethod
14.破坏强度设计法ultimatestrengthmethod
15.极限状态设计法limitstatesmethod
16.极限状态limitstates
17.极限状态方程limitstateequation
18.承载能力极限状态ultimatelimitstates
19.正常使用极限状态serviceabilitylimitstates
20.分项系数partialsafetyfactor
21.设计状况designsituation
22.持久状况persistentsituation
23.短暂状况transientsituation
24.偶然状况accidentalsituation
第九节结构上的作用、作用代表值和作用效应术语
1.作用action
2.荷载load
3.线分布力forceperunitlength
4.面分布力forceperunitarea
5.体分布力forceperu