考研英语翻译.docx

考研英语翻译.docx

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考研英语翻译

2009年：

1.Itmaybesaidthatthemeasureoftheworthofanysocialinstitutionisitseffectinenlargingandimprovingexperience;butthiseffectisnotapartofitsoriginalmotive。

2.Onlygraduallywasthebyproductoftheinstitutionnoted,andonlymoregraduallystillwasthiseffectconsideredasadirectivefactorintheconductoftheinstitution。

3.Whileitiseasytoignoreinourcontactwiththemtheeffectofouractsupontheirdisposition,itisnotsoeasyasindealingwithadults。

4.Sinceourchiefbusinesswiththemistoenablethemtoshareinacommonlifewecannothelpconsideringwhetherornoweareformingthepowerswhichwillsecurethisability。

5.Wearethusledtodistinguish,withinthebroadeducationalprocesswhichwehavebeensofarconsidering,amoreformalkindofeducation—thatofdirecttuitionorschooling。

2008年：

1.Hebelievesthatthisverydifficultymayhavehadthecompensatingadvantageofforcinghimtothinklongandintentlyabouteverysentence,andthusenablinghimtodetecterrorsinreasoningandinhisownobservations。

2.Heasserted,also,thathispowertofollowalongandpurelyabstracttrainofthoughtwasverylimited,forwhichreasonhefeltcertainthathenevercouldhavesucceededwithmathematics。

3.Ontheotherhand,hedidnotacceptaswellfoundedthechargemadebysomeofhiscriticsthat,whilehewasagoodobserver,hehadnopowerofreasoning。

4.Headdshumblythatperhapshewas“superiortothecommonrunofmeninnoticingthingswhicheasilyescapeattention,andinobservingthemcarefully。

”

5.Darwinwasconvincedthatthelossofthesetasteswasnotonlyalossofhappiness,butmightpossiblybeinjurioustotheintellect,andmoreprobablytothemoralcharacter。

2007年：

1.Traditionally,legallearninghasbeenviewedinsuchinstitutionsasthespecialpreserveoflawyers,ratherthananecessarypartoftheintellectualequipmentofaneducatedperson。

2.Ontheother,itlinkstheseconceptstoeverydayrealitiesinamannerwhichisparalleltothelinksjournalistsforgeonadailybasisastheycoverandcommentonthenews。

3.Buttheideathatthejournalistmustunderstandthelawmoreprofoundlythananordinarycitizenrestsonanunderstandingoftheestablishedconventionsandspecialresponsibilitiesofthenewmedia。

4.Infact,itisdifficulttoseehowjournalistswhodonothaveacleargraspofthebasicfeaturesoftheCanadianconstitutioncandoacompetentjobonpoliticalstories。

5.Whilecommentandreactionfromlawyersmayenhancestories,itispreferableforjournaliststorelyontheirownnotionsofsignificanceandmaketheirownjudgments。

2006年：

1.IshalldefinehimasanindividualwhohaselectedashisprimarydutyandpleasureinlifetheactivityofthinkinginSocratic（苏格拉底）wayaboutmoralproblems。

2.Hisfunctionisanalogoustothatofajudge,whomustaccepttheobligationofrevealinginasobviousamatteraspossiblethecourseofreasoningwhichledhimtohisdecision。

3.Ihaveexcludedhimbecause,whilehisaccomplishmentsmaycontributetothesolutionofmoralproblems,hehasnotbeenchargedwiththetaskofapproachinganybutthefactualaspectsofthoseproblems。

4.Buthisprimarytaskisnottothinkaboutthemoralcode,whichgovernshisactivity,anymorethanabusinessmanisexpectedtodedicatehisenergiestoanexplorationofrulesofconductinbusiness。

5.Theymayteachverywell,andmorethanearntheirsalaries,butmostofthemmakelittleornoindependentreflectionsonhumanproblemswhichinvolvemoraljudgment。

2005年：

1.Televisionisoneofthemeansbywhichthesefeelingsarecreatedandconveyed—andperhapsneverbeforehasitservedsomuchtoconnectdifferentpeoplesandnationsasistherecenteventsinEurope。

2.InEurope,aselsewheremultimediagroupshavebeenincreasinglysuccessfulgroupswhichbringtogethertelevision,radionewspapers,magazinesandpublishinghousesthatworkinrelationtooneanother。

3.ThisalonedemonstratesthatthetelevisionbusinessisnotaneasyworldtosurviveinafactunderlinedbystatisticsthatshowthatoutofeightyEuropeantelevisionnetworksnolessthan50%tookalossin1989。

4.Creatinga“Europeanidentity”thatrespectsthedifferentculturesandtraditionswhichgotomakeuptheconnectingfabricoftheOldcontinentisnoeasytaskanddemandsastrategicchoice。

5.Indealingwithachallengeonsuchascale,itisnoexaggerationtosay“Unitedwestand,dividedwefall”。

2004年：

1.TheGreeksassumedthatthestructureoflanguagehadsomeconnectionwiththeprocessofthought，whichtookrootinEuropelongbeforepeoplerealizedhowdiverselanguagecouldbe。

2.Weareobligedtothembecausesomeoftheselanguageshavesincevanished，asthepeoplewhospokethemdiedoutorbecameassimilatedandlosttheirnativelanguages。

3.ThenewlydescribedlanguageswereoftensostrikinglydifferentfromthewellstudiedlanguagesofEuropeandSoutheastAsiathatsomescholarsevenaccusedBoasandSapiroffabricatingtheirdata。

4.Beinginterestedintherelationshipofthelanguageandthought，Whorfdevelopedtheideathatthestructureofthelanguagedeterminesthestructureofhabitualthoughtinasociety。

5.Whorfcametobelieveinasortoflinguisticdeterminismwhich，initsstrongestform，statesthatlanguageimprisonsthemind，andthatthegrammaticalpatternsinalanguagecanproducefarreachingconsequencesforthecultureofasociety。

2003年：

1.Furthermore，humanshavetheabilitytomodifytheenvironmentinwhichtheylive，thussubjectingallotherlifeformstotheirownpeculiarideasandfancies。

2.Socialscienceisthatbranchofintellectualenquirywhichseekstostudyhumansandtheirendeavorsinthesamereasoned，orderly，systematic，anddispassionedmannerthatnaturalscientistsuseforthestudyofnaturalphenomena。

3.Theemphasisondatagatheredfirsthand，combinedwithacrossculturalperspectivebroughttotheanalysisofculturespastandpresent，makesthisstudyauniqueanddistinctlyimportantsocialscience。

4.Tylordefinedcultureas“…thatcomplexwholewhichincludesbelief，art，morals，law，customandanyothercapabilitiesandhabitsacquiredbymanasamemberofsociety”。

5.Thus，theanthropologicalconceptof“culture”，liketheconceptof“set”inmathematics，isanabstractconceptwhichmakespossibleimmenseamountsofconcreteresearchandunderstanding。

2002年：

1.Onedifficultyisthatalmostallofwhatiscalledbehavioralsciencecontinuestotracebehaviortostatesofmind,feelings,traitsofcharacter,humannature,andsoon。

2.Thebehavioralscienceshavebeenslowtochangepartlybecausetheexplanatoryitemsoftenseemtobedirectlyobservedandpartlybecauseotherkindsofexplanationshavebeenhardtofind。

3.Theroleofnaturalselectioninevolutionwasformulatedonlyalittlemorethanahundredyearsago,andtheselectiveroleoftheenvironmentinshapingandmaintainingthebehavioroftheindividualisonlybeginningtoberecognizedandstudied。

4.Theyarethepossessionsoftheautonomousselfgoverningmanoftraditionaltheory,andtheyreessentialtopracticesinwhichapersonisheldresponsibleforhisconductandgivencreditforhisachievements。

5.Untiltheseissuesareresolved,atechnologyofbehaviorwillcontinuetoberejected,andwithitpossiblytheonlywaytosolveourproblems。

2001年：

1.Therewillbetelevisionchatshowshostedbyrobots，andcarswithpollutionmonitorsthatwilldisablethemwhentheyoffend。

2.Childrenwillplaywithdollsequippedwithpersonalitychips，computerswithinbuiltpersonalitieswillberegardedasworkmatesratherthantools，relaxationwillbeinfrontofsmelltelevision，anddigitalagewillhavearrived。

3.Pearsonhaspiecedtogethertheworkofhundredsofresearchersaroundtheworldtoproduceauniquemillenniumtechnologycalendarthatgivesthelatestdateswhenwecanexpecthundredsofkeybreakthroughsanddiscoveriestotakeplace。

4.Butthat，Pearsonpointsout，isonlythestartofmanmachineintegration:

“Itwillbethebeginningofthelongprocessofintegrationthatwillultimatelyleadtoafullyelectronichumanbeforetheendofthenextcentury”。

5.Andhomeapplianceswillalsobecomesosmartthatcontrollingandoperatingthemwillresultinthebreakoutofanewpsychologicaldisorder—kitchenrage。

2000年：

1.Undermodernconditions，thisrequiresvaryingmeasuresofcentralizedcontrolandhencethehelpofspecializedscientistssuchaseconomistsandoperationalresearchexperts。

2.Furthermore，itisobviousthatthestrengthofacountry’seconomyisdirectlyboundupwiththeefficiencyofitsagricultureandindustry，andthatthisinturnrestsupontheeffortsofscientistsandtechnologistsofallkinds。

3.Owingtotheremarkabledevelopmentinmasscommunications，peopleeverywherearefeelingnewwantsandarebeingexposedtonewcustomsandideas，whilegovernmentsareoftenforcedtointroducestillfurtherinnovationsforthereasonsgivenabove。

4.IntheearlyinindustrializedcountriesofEuropetheprocessofindustrialization—withallthefarreachingchangesinsocialpatternsthatfollowed—wasspreadovernearlyacentury，whereasnowadaysadevelopingnationmayundergothesameprocessinadecadeorso。

5.Additionalsocialstressesmayalsooccurbecauseofthepopulationexplosionorproblemsarisingfrommassmigrationmovementsthemselvesmaderelativelyeasynowadaysbymodernmeansoftransport。

2014年：

46.Itisalsother