NO33.docx

NO33.docx

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NO33

1Stressisexperiencedwhenanindividualfeels

thatthe----oftheenvironment----that

individual'sresourcesforhandlingthem.

Acircumstances..intensify

Bdetails..exclude

Cdemands..exceed

Dfacets..imply

Ebenefits..reveal

2Tocompensateforthesubstantialdeclinein

theavailabilityoffossilfuelsinfutureyears,

wewillhavetoprovideatleast----alternative

energysource.

Aananticipated

Banofficial

Canequivalent

Daderivative

Earedundant

3StudentsoftheGreatCrashof1929havenever

understoodwhyeventhemostinformed

observersdidnotrecognizeandheedthe----

economicdangersignalsthatin----seemso

apparent.

Aobvious..combination

Bearly..conclusion

Cdirect..application

Dfuture..potential

Eprior..retrospect

4Whileadmittingthattherisksincurredbyuse

oftheinsecticidewerenot----,the

manufacturer'sspokespersonarguedthat

effective----weresimplynotavailable.

Ainconsequential..substitutes

Bunusual..alternatives

Cincreasing..procedures

Dindeterminable..safeguards

Eproven..antidotes

5BecausetimeinIndiaisconceivedstatically

ratherthandynamically,Indianlanguages

emphasizenounsratherthanverbs,sincenouns

expressthemore----aspectsofathing.

Aparadoxical

Bprevalent

Ctemporal

Dsuccessive

Estable.

6Theessenceofbeliefistheestablishmentof----;

differentbeliefsaredistinguishablebythe

differentmodesofactiontowhichtheygive

rise.

Alove

Bpractice

Ctrust

Dcommitments

Eallegiances

7Thesimplicityofthetheory—itsmainattraction

isalsoits------,foronlyby------theassumptions

ofthetheoryisitpossibletoexplainthemost

recentobservationsmadebyresearchers.

Aliability..accepting

Bvirtue..qualifying

Cdownfall..considering

Dglory..rejecting

Eundoing..supplementing

8CATCH:

FISH:

:

Avineyard:

wine

Bdrove:

sheep

Cherd:

elk

Dharvest:

grain

Egaggle:

geese

9CURATORS:

PAINTINGS:

:

Awriters:

plays

Bteachers:

schools

Cclergy:

churches

Dlibrarians:

books

Epolice:

neighborhoods

10METEOROLOGY:

WEATHER:

:

Aastronomy:

physics

Bgerontology:

heredity

Cpedagogy:

textbooks

Dpathology:

disease

Eanthropology:

fossils

11PUN:

JOKE:

:

Aowner:

pet

Btermite:

insect

Cchild:

adult

Dpint:

quart

Esand:

beach

12PLAIN:

AUSTERE:

:

Aneutral:

indifferent

Bclean:

sterile

Calone:

gloomy

Darid:

barren

Efluent:

talkative

13PROTOCOL:

BLUNDER:

:

Adiagnosis:

prevention

Betiquette:

behavior

Cbumper:

damage

Dbandage:

accident

Eaudit:

verification

14ASTROLABE:

NAUTICAL:

:

Acolander:

culinary

Bcompass:

mechanical

Cformula:

chemical

Dtimbre:

musical

Estrategy:

military

15ALACRITY:

APATHETIC:

:

Atemerity:

timid

Btenacity:

eager

Ccandor:

bungling

Dcompliance:

deft

Edespotism:

arrogant

16FLOUT:

DISREGARD:

:

Ataunt:

challenge

Bprotest:

overrule

Crevolt:

secede

Dclamor:

argue

Eharass:

badger

　　　Althoughpathogenicorganisms

　　constantlyalightontheskin,they

　　finditaveryunfavorableenvironment

　　and,intheabsenceofinjury,have

（5）greatdifficultycolonizingit.This

　　"self-sterilizing"capacityofthe

　　skinresultsfromthetendencyof

　　allwell-developedecosystemstoward

　　homeostasis,orthemaintenanceofthe

（10）statusquo.

　　　Speciesthattypicallyliveinsoil

　　water,andelsewhererarelymultiply

　　ontheskin.Undamagedskinisalso

　　unfavorabletomosthumanpathogens.

（15）Theskinistooacidandtooaridfor

　　somespecies.Theconstantshedding

　　ofthesurfaceskinlayersfurther

　　hinderstheestablishmentofinvaders.

　　Themostinterestingdefense

（20）mechanism,however,resultsfromthe

　　metabolicactivitiesoftheresident

　　flora.Unsaturatedfattyacids,an

　　importantcomponentofthelipids

　　insebumcollectedfromtheskin

（25）surfaceinhibitthegrowthofseveral

　　bacterialandfungalcutaneous

　　pathogens.Theseacidsareametabolic

　　productofcertaingram-positive

　　membersofthecutaneouscommunity,

（30）whichbreakdownthemorecomplex

　　lipidsinfreshlysecretedsebum.

17Theprimarypurposeofthepassage

isto

Aofferananalysisofmetabolicprocesses

Bdetailthewaysinwhichbacteriaand

fungicanbeinhibited

Cdescribemechanismsbywhichtheskin

protectsitselfagainstpathogens

Danalyzethemethodswherebybiological

systemsmaintainthestatusquo

Eprovideaspecificexampleoftheskin's

basicdefenseagainstpathogens

18The"residentflora"mentionedin

lines21-22referto

A"Unsaturatedfattyacids"（line22）

B"sebumcollectedfromtheskinsurface"

（lines24-25）

C"bacterialandfungalcutaneouspathogens"

（lines26-27）

D"certaingram-positivemembersofthe

cutaneouscommunity"（lines28-29）

E"morecomplexlipids"（lines30-31）

19Amongthenaturaldefenseofthe

skinagainstpathogenicorganisms

areallofthefollowingEXCEPTthe

Adrynessoftheskin

Bacidityoftheskin

Ctendencyofthepathogenstoward

homeostasis

Dsheddingofsurfacelayersofthe

skin

Emetabolicbreakdownoflipids

20Theauthorpresentshermaterialin

whichofthefollowingways?

AStatingaproblemandthensupplying

asolution

BPresentingaphenomenonandthen

analyzingreasonsforit

CProvidinginformationandthendrawing

aconclusionfromit

DMakingageneralstatementandthen

arguingbyanalogy

EMakinganinferenceandthendeveloping

itbyillustration

　　　"Masterpiecesaredumb."wrote

　　Flaubert.Theyhaveatranquilaspect

　　liketheveryproductsofnature,like

　　largeanimalsandmountains.Hemight

（5）havebeenthinkingofWarandPeace,

　　thatvast,silentwork,unfathomable

　　andsimple,provokingendless

　　questionsthroughthemajestyofits

　　being.Tolstoi'ssimplicityis

（10）"overpowering,saysthecritic

　　Bayley."disconcerting"becauseit

　　comesfrom"hiscasualassumptionthat

　　theworldisasheseesit"Likeother

　　nineteenth-centuryRussianwritershe

（15）is"impressive"becausethe"means

　　whathesays."buthestandsapart

　　fromallothersandfrommostWestern

　　writersinhisidentitywithlife,

　　whichissocompleteastomakeus

（20）forgetheisanartist.Heisthe

　　centerofhiswork,buthis

　　egocentricityisofaspecialkind,

　　Goethe,forexample,saysBayley,

　　"caredfornothingbuthimself.

（25）Tolstoiwasnothingbuthimself."

　　　Forallhisvariedmodesofwriting

　　andthemultiplicityofcharactersin

　　hisfiction,Tolstoiandhisworkare

　　ofapiece.Thefamous"conversion"

（30）ofhismiddleyears,movingly

　　recountedinhisConfession,wasa

　　culminationofhisearlyspiritual

　　life,notadeparturefromit.The

　　apparentlyfundamentalchangesthat

（35）ledfromepicnarrativetodogmatic

　　parable,fromajoyous,buoyant

　　attitudetowardlifetopessimismand

　　cynicism,fromWarandPeacetoThe

　　KreulerSonata,camefromthesame

（40）restless,impressionabledepthsofan

　　independentspirityearningtogetat

　　thetruthofitsexperience."Truth

　　ismyhero,"wroteTolstoiinhis

　　youth,reportingthefightingin

（45）Sebastopol.Truthremainedhis

　　hero—hisown,notothers'truth.

　　OtherswereawedbyNapoleon,

　　believedthatasinglemancould

　　changethedestiniesofnations,

（50）adheredtomeaninglessrituals,

　　formedtheirtastesonestablished

　　cannonsofart.Tolstoireversed

　　allpreconceptions;andinevery

　　reversalheoverthrewthe"system,"

（55）the"machine,"theexternally

　　ordainedbelief,theconventional

　　behaviorinfavorofunsystematic,

　　impulsivelife,ofinwardmotivation

　　andthesolutionsofindependent

（60）thought.

　　　Inhisworktheartificialandthe

　　genuinearealwaysexhibitedin

　　dramaticoppositionthesupposedly

　　greatNapoleonandthetrulygreat,

（65）unregardedlittleCaptainTushin,or

　　NicholasRostov'sactualexperience

　　inbattleandhislateraccountofit.

　　Thesimpleisalwayspittedagainst

　　theelaborate,knowledgegainedfrom

（70）observationagainstassertionsof

　　borrowedfaiths.Tolstoi'smagical

　　simplicityisaproductofthese

　　tensions'hisworkisarecordofthe

　　questionsheputtohimselfandof

（75）theanswershefoundinhissearch.

　　Thegreatestcharactersofhisfiction

　　exemplifythissearch,andtheir

　　happinessdependsonthemeasure

　　oftheiranswers.Tolstoiwanted

（80）happiness,butonlyhard-won

　　happiness,thatemotionalfulfillment

　　andintellectualclaritywhichcould

　　comeonlyastheprizeofall-

　　consumingeffort.Hescorned

（85）lessersatisfactions.

21Whichofthefollowingbest

characterizestheauthor'sattitude

towardTolstoi?

AShedeprecatesthecynicismof

hislaterworks.

BShefindshistheatricalityartificial.

CSheadmireshiswholeheartedsincerity.

DShethinkshisinconsistencydisturbing.

ESherespectshisdevotiontoorthodoxy.

22Whichofthefollowingbestparaphrases

Flaubert'sstatementquotedinlines1-4?

AMasterpiecesseemordinaryand

unremarkablefromtheperspective

ofalaterage.

BGreatworksofartdonotexplain

themselvestousanymorethan

naturalobjectsdo.

CImportantworksofarttaketheir

placeinthepageantofhistory

becauseoftheiruniqueness

DThemostimportantaspectsofgood

artaretheorderlinessandtranquility

itreflects.

EMasterpieceswhichareofenduring

valuerepresenttheforcesofnature.

23TheauthorquotesfromBayley（lines9-25）

toshowthat

AalthoughTolstoiobservesandinterprets

life,hemaintainsnoself-conscious

distancefromhisexperience

BtherealismofTolstoi'sworkgivesthe

illusionthathisnovelsarereportsof

actualevents

Cunfortunately,Tolstoiisunawareof

hisownlimitations,thoughheis

sincereinhisattempttod