高考英语真题分类汇编专题17 阅读新题型.docx
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高考英语真题分类汇编专题17阅读新题型
专题十七阅读理解之阅读新题型
1.【2015·北京卷】第二节(共5小题;每小题2分。
共10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的填入空白处。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
ThisWaytoDreamland
Daydreamingmeanspeoplethinkaboutsomethingpleasant,especiallywhenthismakesthemforgetwhattheyshouldbedoing.Daydreamershaveabadreputationforbeingunawareofwhat’shappeningaroundthem.Theycanseemforgetfulandclumsy._71__Theyannoyusbecausetheyseemtobeignoringusandmissingtheimportantthings.
Butdaydreamersarealsoresponsibleforsomeofthegreatestideasandachievementsinhumanhistory.__72__Canyouimaginewhatkindofworldwewouldhavewithoutsuchideasandinventions?
Sohowcanyoucomeupwithbrilliantdaydreamsandavoidfallingovertreerootsorotherwiselookinglikeafool?
First,understandthatsomeopportunities(机会)fordaydreamingarebetterthanothers.Feelingsafeandrelaxedwillhelpyoutoslipintodaydreams.__73_Andifyouwanttoimproveyourchancesofhavingacreativeideawhileyou’redaydreaming,trytodoitwhileyouareinvolvedinanothertask—preferablysomethingsimple,liketakingashowerorwalking,orevenmakingmeaninglessdrawings.
It’salsoimportanttoknowhowtoavoiddaydreamsforthosetimeswhenyoureallyneedtoconcentrate.“Mindfulness”,beingfocused,isatoolthatsomepeopleusetoavoidfallingasleep.__74__
Finally,youneverknowwhatwonderfulideamightstrikewhileyourmindhasmovedslowlyaway.____75_
Alwaysrememberthatyourbestideasmightcomewhenyourheadisactuallyintheclouds.
A.Havinginterestingthingstothinkaboutalsohelps.
B.Theystareoffintospaceandwanderbythemselves.
C.Withoutwanderingminds,wewouldn’thaverelatively,CokeorPost-itnotes.
D.Atonetime,daydreamingwasthoughttobeacauseofsomementalillnesses.
E.Itinvolvesslow,steadybreathingforself-controlthathelpspeoplestaycalmandattentive.
F.Daydreamsareoftenverysimpleanddirect,quiteunlikesleepdreams,whichmaybehardtounderstand.
G.Therefore,it’sagoodideatokeepanotebookorvoicerecordernearbywhenyou’reinthedaydreamzone.
【解析】
【考点定位】生活类短文阅读
【名师点睛】本文是七选五常考的建议类说明文,第1、2自然段为概念的提出及导入,第3段明确了下文的内容:
如何在“白日做梦”中趋利避害。
文章结构清晰,干扰选项较易排除,整体难度不大,文章的主题“如何培养创新的想法”,除了理解整篇文章及选项外还要注意文章中的副词,代词,逻辑连接词以及特殊概念名词的出现。
文章结构清晰,可读性强,提示词明显。
因此,日常练习中要侧重以抓住文章结构及段落主旨为主,兼顾辨析选项,尤其是根据核心词排除干扰项的做题技巧。
学生需要遵循先易后难的原则,来提高正确率。
2.【2015·江苏】任务型阅读(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)
请阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意:
请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。
每个空格只填一个单词。
Peopleselectnewsinexpectationofareward.Thisrewardmaybeeitheroftwokinds.OneisrelatedtowhatFreudcallsthePleasurePrinciple,theothertowhathecallstheRealityPrinciple.Forwantofbetternames,weshallcallthesetwoclassesimmediaterewardanddelayedreward.
Ingeneral,thekindofnewswhichmaybeexpectedtogiveimmediaterewardarenewsofcrimeandcorruption,accidentsanddisasters,sports,socialevents,andhumaninterest.Delayedrewardmaybeexpectedfromnewsofpublicaffairs,economicmatters,socialproblems,science,education,andhealth.
Newsofthefirstkindpaysitsrewardsatonce.Areadercanenjoyanindirectexperiencewithoutanyofthedangersorstressesinvolved.Hecantremblewildlyatanaxe-murder,shakehisheadsympatheticallyandsafelyatahurricane,identifyhimselfwiththewinningteam,laughunderstandinglyatawarmlittlestoryofchildrenordogs.
Newsofthesecondkind,however,paysitsrewardslater.Itsometimesrequiresthereadertotolerateunpleasantnessorannoyance—as,forexample,whenhereadsofthethreateningforeignsituation,themountingnationaldebt,risingtaxes,fallingmarket,scarcehousing,andcancer.Ithasakindof“threatvalue.”Itisreadsothatthereadermaybeinformedandprepared.Whenareaderselectsdelayedrewardnews,hepullshimselfintotheworldofsurroundingrealitytowhichhecanadapthimselfonlybyhardwork.Whenheselectsnewsoftheotherkind,heusuallywithdrawsfromtheworldofthreateningrealitytowardthedreamworld.
Foranyindividual,ofcourse,theboundariesofthesetwoclassesarenotstable.Forexample,asociologistmayreadnewsofcrimeasasocialproblem,ratherthanforitsimmediatereward.Acoachmayreadasportsstoryforitsthreatvalue:
hemayhavetoplaythatteamnextweek.Apoliticianmayreadanaccountofhislatestsuccessfulpublicmeeting,notforitsdelayedreward,butverymuchashiswifereadsanaccountofaparty.Inanygivenstoryofcorruptionordisaster,athoughtfulreadermayreceivenotonlytheimmediaterewardofindirectexperience,butalsothedelayedrewardofinformationandpreparedness.Therefore,whilethedivisionofcategoriesholdsingeneral,anindividual’stendencymaytransferanystoryfromonekindofreadingtoanother,ordividetheexperiencebetweenthetwokindsofreward.
Whatnewsstoriesdoyouread?
Divisionof
newsstories
●Peopleexpecttoget(71)▲fromreadingnews.
●Newsstoriesareroughlydividedintotwoclasses.
●Somenewswillexcitetheirreadersinstantlywhileotherswon’t.
(72)▲of
thetwoclasses
●Newsofimmediaterewardwillseeminglytaketheirreaderstotheveryfrighteningscenewithoutactual(73)▲.
●Readerswillassociatethemselvescloselywithwhathappensinthenewsstoriesand(74)▲similarfeelingswiththoseinvolved.
●Newsofdelayedrewardwillmakereaderssuffer,orpresenta(75)▲tothem.
●Newsofdelayedrewardwillinducethereaderto(76)▲fortherealitywhilenewsofimmediaterewardwillleadthereaderto(77)▲fromthereality.
Unstableboundaries
ofthetwoclasses
●Whatreadersexpectfromnewsstoriesarelargelyshapedbytheir(78)▲.
●Seriousreaderswillbothgetexcitedoverwhathappensinsomenewsstoriesand(79)▲themselvestothereality.
●Thus,thedivision,onthewhole,(80)▲onthereader.
【答案】
71.rewards/rewarded
72.Explanations
73.involvement
74.share
75.threat
76.prepare
77.withdraw
78.profession(s)/intention
79.adapt
80.depends
【解析】
试题分析:
文章结合弗洛伊德心理学理论,分析了不同人群对新闻报道的接受习惯和反应特征,从新闻类别、读者反应、异类互渗等角度考察了考生在信息检索、内容归纳、语言结构等方面的知识与能力。
难度较14年有所下降,重点考查考察信息转换题,涉及词性和词义转换,学生“有据可循”,归纳概括题比例明显下降。
71.信息查找题。
根据“Peopleselectnewsinexpectationofareward.Thisrewardmaybeeitheroftwokinds.”可知此处填rewards/rewarded“得到回报/被奖励”。
72.信息归纳题。
文章二、三、四段是对“immediatereward(即时回报)”和“delayedreward(迟来的回报)”的解释。
73.信息转换题。
根据第三段第二句“Areadercanenjoyanindirectexperiencewithoutanyofthedangersorstressesinvolved.”可知此处填involvement“参与”。
74.信息归纳题。
根据第三段中“Areadercanenjoyanindirectexperiencewithoutanyofthedangersorstressesinvolved.Hecantremblewildlyatanaxe-murder…laughunderstandinglyatawarmlittlestoryofchildrenordogs.”可知读者会将自己和新闻故事中发生的事紧紧联系在一起,和参与者有相似的感受。
因此此处填share“同样有”。
75.信息查找题。
根据第四段中“Itsometimesrequiresthereadertotolerateunpleasantnessorannoyance—as,forexample,whenhereadsofthethreateningforeignsituation,…Ithasakindof‘threatvalue.’”可知此处填threat“威胁”。
76.信息转换题。
根据第四段中“Itisreadsothatthereadermaybeinformedandprepared.”可知此处填prepare,与后面的介词for搭配“为……做准备”。
77.信息查找题。
根据第四段中“Whenheselectsnewsoftheotherkind,heusuallywithdrawsfromtheworldofthreateningrealitytowardthedreamworld.”此处填withdraw“退出,离开”。
78.归纳概括题。
根据最后一段中“Forexample,asociologistmay…Acoachmay…Apoliticianmay…”可知读者对新闻故事的期待很大程度上受他们职业的影响。
此处填profession(s)“职业”/intention“意图,动机”。
79.信息查找题。
根据第四段中“Whenareaderselectsdelayedrewardnews,hepullshimselfintotheworldofsurroundingrealitytowhichhecanadapthimselfonlybyhardwork.”可知此处填adapt“使适应”。
80.归纳概括题。
根据最后一段中“whilethedivisionofcategoriesholdsingeneral,anindividual’stendencymaytransferanystoryfromonekindofreadingtoanother,ordividetheexperiencebetweenthetwokindsofreward.”可知这一分类取决于读者个体。
此处填depends,和后面的介词on搭配“取决于”。
【考点定位】任务型阅读。
【名师点睛】任务型阅读一般的解题思路可归纳为四步曲,即“审题”→“略读”→“边细读边解题”→“复核”。
“审题”,即看清题目及要求,做到有的放矢,心中有数。
“略读”,指的是快速阅读、掌握大意。
了解阅读材料的文体,作者的观点和态度。
“边细读边解题”,指通过细读题目和文章中相关信息完成指定任务。
考生应注意表格前的小标题,它通常是段落和表格的主题句,有助于理解文章。
理解表格设计,表格一般包括列标题和行标题,通过阅读这些标题和表格里的内容,可迅速了解表格的结构和表格的设计原理,同时也可缩小信息范围,确定考查内容。
根据已填的内容来推断所填之词的形式,是单词或词组。
填写答案时要注意与已填部分的形式保持一致。
同时要注意时态、语态、句式等。
“复核”即检查核对初步完成的所要求的任务。
注意拼写是否正确以及大小写等。
3.【2015·广东】信息匹配(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)
请阅读下列应用文及相关信息,并按照要求匹配信息。
请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。
首先阅读下列活动介绍:
A.
B.
ANightofGlamorandIntrigueatShanghaiBundin1930
TocelebrateAsiaheritagemonth,TrendyNewYorkisproudtopresent“CheongsamNightout--AdatewithCheongsambeautiesinShanghaiBund1930”.
May16,9:
00PM-May17,12:
00AM.EDT
330West40thStreet,NewYork.NY10018
PickingPartners---NEWYORK
FeaturingadaptationsfromChineseandWesternclassic,includingworksfromChineseAcademyAward---winningcomposerTanDun,theBeijingGuitarDuoteamedupwithCubanguitarvirtuosoManuelBarrueco(right)foraChinaWestConcertattheNewYorkHistoricalSocietyonApril23.
C.
D.
HeroesofHistory:
LegacyofMyChineseFamily
JoinusasactressTinaChenrecountsthefascinatingstoryofthreegenerationsofhermother’sfamilyandtheircontributionstothehistoryofChina.
Friday,May8,6:
30PM--7:
30PM
ChinaInstitute
125East65thStreet,NewYork,NY10065
Greatshorts---NEWYORK
AphotographyexhibitionheldbyHANMediatocelebrateitsfoundinginNewYorkCityonApril24,featuringthreeemergingChinesephotographers;YingxiMichaelShi,HaiyinLinandLimingGuan,whoseworkshaveappearedinpublicationssuchasVogue,ELLE,TheNewYorkTimesandothers.
E.
F.
Forbiddendelights---NEWYORK
ThefirstsessionoftheChinaInstituteinAmericashortcourseBeijing:
TheCityThroughItsArchitectureopensonWednesday.NancyS.SteinhardtdiscussestheForbiddenCityandBeijing’simperialarchitecture.
PassingontheKunquArt:
FromMa