高中英语语法串讲之虚拟语气.docx
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高中英语语法串讲之虚拟语气
语法串讲之虚拟语气
英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气:
陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气。
不同的语气用动词的不同形式(有的还借助句法形式)来表示。
虚拟语气的概念
■虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,
■一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实,而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(常用在条件状语从句中或让步状语从句中);
■一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(常用在名词性从句中)。
■简言之,即:
不是事实或不大可能发生的事情,就用虚拟语气来表述
虚拟语气的常考形式:
1.if引导的虚拟条件句
2.名词性从句
3.固定句式
4.情态动词表示虚拟
5.可用可不用虚拟语气的情况
if引导的虚拟语气
1.Ifwehavechances,wecanhavefurthercooperation.-
IfIhaveanotherchance,IwillvisitChinaagain.
if真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况很有可能发生,其中if是“如果”的意思
Whatwillyoudoifitrainstomorrow?
Iwillsleepathomeifitrainstomorrow.
2.if虚拟条件句表示条件是虚拟的或几乎无法实现的,采用虚拟语气
if引导的虚拟条件句
1)与现在事实相反
IfIhadagreatdealofmoney,Iwouldbuyavilla(别墅)formyparents.
IfIweretheschoolmasterofJinhuaMiddleschool,Iwouldletthestudentsgetupalittlelatertogetabettersleep.
2)与过去事实相反
IfYaoJiaxinhaddrivenmorecarefully,hewouldnothavecausedthecaraccidentinMay,2009.
IfTomhadlearnthowtoswim,hewouldnothavebeentrappedonthatislandforfouryears.
Ifhehadgotupearlier,hecouldhavecaughtthetrain.
与将来事实相反
IfImetObamasomeday,Iwouldshakehandswithhim.
IfIweretomeetObamasomeday,…
IfIshouldmeetObamasomeday,…
注意以下问题:
1.错综时间虚拟条件句
2.(if省略)倒装虚拟条件句
3.含蓄条件句
1.错综时间虚拟条件句
即:
if虚拟条件句与主句的时间不一致。
1).Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbeabletofinishtheworknow.
如果你当时听了我的话,现在就能完成这份工作了。
(从句说明过去,主句说明现在。
)
2).IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.
如果我是你,我就去参加她的生日晚会了。
(从句说明现在,主句说明过去。
)
3).Ifyouhadn’tlentmesomemoney,Icouldn’thaveboughtthenewhouseandmostlikelyIwouldbestilllivinginthedangeroushousenow.
假若你不借钱给我,我不可能买下这幢新房,很可能现在还住在危房里。
(从句说明过去,主句说明过去和现在。
)
2.在虚拟条件句中,如果条件句中有were,had(助动词)或should时,可使用倒装结构,但if必须省略。
若条件从句为否定句,否定词not应置于主语之后,而不能与were,should,had等缩略成weren’t,shouldn’t,hadn’t置于句首。
1).HadIseenhimthen,Iwouldhavebeenveryhappy.
=IfIhadseenhimthen,Iwouldhavebeenveryhappy.
2).ShouldIhavetime,Iwouldgowithyou.
=IfIshouldhavetime,Iwouldgowithyou.
3).WereInotsobusy,Iwouldgowithyou.
=IfIwerenotsobusy,Iwouldgowithyou.
2.(if省略)倒装虚拟条件句
补充例句:
要不是……(固定句式)
Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkyesterday.
=Haditnotbeenfor…,…
Ifitwerenotforlackingmoney,Iwouldgotravellingrightnow.
=Wereitnotforlackingmoney,…
3.含蓄条件句
有时为了表达的需要,在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句
而通过其他手段来代替条件句。
做一做
1.Ifmyfather_____herenow,he______tellmewhattodo.
•were;would
•was;will
•hadbeen;would
•is;will
2.Ifhe__________myadvice,hewouldn’thavelosthisjob.
(1)followedB.shouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.wouldfollow
3.IfI_____inthe22ndcentury,I________myvacationinaverydifferentway.
(1)shouldlive;wouldspend
(2)willlive;shouldspend
(3)areliving;shouldhavespent
(4)willbeliving;wouldhavespent
4.________itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.
A.WereB.Should
C.WouldD.Will
5.ButforthehelpofmyEnglishteacher,I________thefirstprizeintheEnglishwritingcompetition.
A.wouldnotwin
B.wouldnothavewon
C.wouldwin
D.wouldhavewon
6.IftheUnitedStateshadbuiltmorehomesforpoorpeoplein1955,thehousingproblemsnowinsomepartsofthiscountry________soserious.
A.wouldn’tbe
B.willnothavebeen
C.wouldn’thavebeen
D.wouldhavenotbeen
二.名词性从句中的虚拟语气
insist,order/command,suggest/advise/propose/recommend,desire/demand/require/request/ask
shoulddo!
shoulddo!
shoulddo!
1.一“坚持”(insist),二“命令”(order,command),四“建议”(advise,suggest,propose,recommend),五“要求”(ask,demand,require,request,desire)+(that)sb(should)do...
或是(that)sb/sth(should)bedone
我们建议Tom去休息一下。
Wesuggested___________________
他坚持要我与他同行。
Heinsisted_________________________.
他们要求派Tom去那儿工作。
Theyrequested(that)Tom_________________________________.
老师要求作业要及时完成。
Theteacherasked(that)ourhomework______________________.
1、这些动词相对应的名词性从句也用shoulddo
3.wish的宾语从句
IwishI_____(be)astallasYaoMing.
Iwish/wishedI______(havenot)eatensomuchwatermelon.
Iwishit______(will)raintomorrow.Ifso,Icanstayathometohaveagoodsleep.
虚拟语气特殊句型与固定句式:
•是时候采取措施来保护环境了。
•Itis(high/about)timethatwetook/shouldtakemeasurestoprotecttheenvironment.
•你该走了。
•It’s(high/about)timethatyouwent/shouldgo.
4.在表达惊异、惋惜、遗憾、理应如此等意义的固定句式中常使用虚拟语气
It’snecessary/strange/natural(自然的,理应如此的)/important…+thatsb(should)do
1).Itisimportantthatwe________________(master)aforeignlanguage.
2).真奇怪,她竟然拒绝来参加party。
It’s_______thatshe_______________tocometotheparty.
3).鸟在树上安歇/休息是很自然的。
Itis______thatabird_______________intrees.
情态动词表示虚拟
可用可不用虚拟语气的情况
1.insist,suggest
2.asif/though
3.if
1.Theteachersuggestedthatwe______________(practise)moreafterclass.
2.Herpalefacesuggeststhatshe_____(be)illtoday.
3.Heinsistedthatallofus___________(get)thereontimebyanymeans.
4.Heinsistedthathe_____________(notsteal)thediamond,andthatheshouldbesetfree.
虚拟语气的扩展
扩展:
其它情况的虚拟。
1、incase,forfearthat引导的状语从句中,表示“唯恐,以免”,谓语动词用should+动词原形表示虚拟语气。
Shetooktheraincoatwithherincaseshe shouldbecaught inrain.
Thestudentisworkinghardforfearthathe shouldfail topasstheexam.
2、intend,hope,want,plan,mean等表示“希望、想法、意图”,常用过去完成时态或不定式的完成式表示与过去事实相反的虚拟。
I hadmeanttogo totheparty,butIhadtoworkextrahourstoprepareaspeech.
I intendedtohavehelped you,butIwasverybusyatthetime.