英语四六级阅读练习二.docx

英语四六级阅读练习二.docx

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英语四六级阅读练习二

英语四六级阅读练习

（15）：

性别与权力：

为何女性自愿放弃高层职位？

Thereare5,400womenmissingfromBritain'smostpowerfuljobs.Theyshouldbeinparliament,inthecabinet,andrunningbigcompaniesandmajorpublicsectororganisations.Atthecurrentrateofprogress,itwillbeanother70yearsbeforethereisequalrepresentationofwomeninparliamentandontheboardsofFTSE100companies.Genderequalitymakesperiodicleapsforwardandthenslowstoaglacialpaceforafewdecades;itsprintsinsomeareasandremainsstubbornlystuckinothers.

Nowwearefastmovingintoastrangeparadoxinwhichthenumbersofwomenovertakemeninenteringfurthereducationandmanyprofessions–womenaresettomakeupamajorityofdoctorsby2017–butmenstillovertakethemtoreachthetop.It'sarumstateofaffairswhenthemostpowerfulareselectedfromaneversmallersectionoftheworkforce,leavingtowastethehugeinvestmentinwomen'sskills.

paradoxn.悖论；似是而非的人或事

overtakev.赶上；压倒；超过

besetto被设为；已成定势

Timeforareckoning.It'sroughlymygenerationthatisfailingtobreakthroughintothetopjobs.Womenintheir40sand50swhocouldnowberunningthecountrybutaren't,accordingtotheEqualityandHumanRightsCommission'sreportSexandPower.Itsanalysisisthatit'sacaseofdiscrimination–directandindirect.Motherhoodanddomesticresponsibilitiesstillexactasteeppenalty.IfeellikeI'mbackontheschoolhockeypitch（Iwasuseless）withmyPEteacherurgingmetomakeabitmoreofaneffortandgetstuckin.

breakthrough突破；突围；冲出

getstuckin陷入了；被困在……

Well,beforewecreepoffthepitchwithachronicsenseoffailure,it'scheeringtorememberwhatthisgenerationhasachieved.Twentyfiveyearsago,part-timeworkinprofessionaloccupationswasvirtuallyunheardof.Therewasonlyonemodeloffemalecareersuccess,anditconsciouslyaimedtoemulateadriven,obsessivemaleversion–itwastheeraofshoulderpadsandclichesofball-crunchingwomenbosses.

creepoff爬出来

emulatev.效法，尽力赶上；仿真

Sincethen,theworkplacehasbeenrevolutionisedwithahugeincreaseinthenumberofwomenworkingpart-time.Workingmothersarenolongeranovelty,andfatheringnolongerpartofahiddenprivatelife.Inmostoffices,slippingtheChristmasnativityplayorateachermeetingintoabusydayisroutine.Theimportanceoffamilylife,andthenecessityofflexibilityforchildcarehavebecomepartofofficeculture.Womenbosseshaveescapedludicrousstereotypestobecomenormal.That'squiteanachievement–somethingIneverdreamedwouldbepossiblewhenIhadmyfirstchildandwasbackatthedeskfull-timewithinfourmonthsofherbirth.NowIlookatcolleaguesroutinelytakingayear'smaternityleaveandreturningpart-time.

maternityleave产假

Butit'stwostepsforward,onestepback.Thelabourmarkethassegregatedintooneformumsandoneforseriousplayers.Mumslookforcosyniches–jobstheycanmanagewithouttoomuchstrainonthefamily,forwhichtheystilltakethebulkofresponsibility.Whenmentakeontheprimary-carerroleandgopart-time,itcanplayacrucialroleinhelpingwomentoreachthetop–butchangehereinchesforward.Thegenderrolesaroundcaringandbreadwinninghaveprovedresistanttochange.

segregatev.使隔离；使分离

resistantadj.抵抗的；顽固的

Perhapsweshouldbelesssurprised–orfrustrated–thatthiskindofsocialchangecantaketime.Wehavebeenatransitionalgeneration,tryingtoliveuptoourstay-at-homemothers'standardsofavailabilityandattentionwhilealsocarvingoutcareers.Equally,menhavesoughttoemulatetheirfathers'careerdedicationwhilerespondingtonewexpectationsofengagedparenting.It'shardlysurprisingtheconceptof"rolestrain"litterstheresearchstudies.

liveupto不辜负；做到；实践

carveout创业；开拓

seek（过去分词sought）to追求；争取

respondto响应；对……反应

It'snotjusttheinfamous"homemade"mincepiesfortheschoolfete（boughtandbashedaboutwitharollingpinatmidnighttolookhomemade）inAllisonPearson'snovelIDon'tKnowHowSheDoesIt,butnownewcommunicationtechnologiesrequireinstantaneousmulti-tasking–achildtextingthattheyarelockedout/beenmugged/hungryasyousitinanimportantmeeting.Orthereverse,athomeandcaughtbetweenthedemandsofaBlackBerryandatoddler.Thecompleteseparationofpersonalandprofessionallife,ahallmarkof20th-centurycareers,hasimploded,bequeathinguswithacomplexjugglingact.Notonlyisitexhausting,butitcansimplydoyourheadin.

instantaneousadj.瞬间的；即时的

bequeathv.遗赠；把…遗赠给；把…传下去

jugglingact变戏法似的把戏；同时做几件事又难以做好的局面

Somemenandwomenenjoyjugglingandgetverygoodatit,butitrequiresferociousorganisation,focusandenergy.Lotsdon'thavethem,ordon'tevenwantthem.Iknowmanywomenmyagewhocouldbeamongthose"missing"atthetop;insteadofbecomingchiefexecutivesthey'veworkedoutacombinationoffamilyandworkthatleavestimeforfriends,hobbies,voluntaryworkandexercise.Itsprioritiesmapwellontotheresearchliteratureonhappiness;anaspectthatperhapsdoesn'tgettheacknowledgementitdeserves.

ferociousadj.惊人的；极度的

Ambitionhasprovedhardtocombinewiththemundanerequirementsofsecurenurturing.Thecostisobvious;theydon'tgetthepowerorconventionalmeasuresofprofessionalsuccess.It'snotlettingthesisterhooddownbutholdingontovaluesofrelationshipsandwellbeing.We'redelightedtoseeothersforgingaheadandcrashingthroughtheprejudices,butweshiveratthepriceitmightexactinourownlives.

mundaneadj.世俗的；平凡的

conventionaladj.常见的；符合世俗的；惯例的

holdonto坚持；紧握；克制

forgeahead继续进行；取得进展

crashthrough撞毁；推翻

（16）：

为什么缺少睡眠会使人变胖？

Sleeplessnightsdon’tjustruinyourmoodthenextday—theycouldalsodamageyourwaistline.AccordingtonewresearchintheAugustissueoftheAmericanJournalofClinicalNutrition,sleepdeprivationcancausepeopletopackonextrapounds.

sleepdeprivation睡眠不足

packonthepounds长胖；变肥；增加体重

ResearchersattheNewYorkObesityNutritionResearchCenteratSt.Luke’s-RooseveltHospitalfoundthatsleep-deprivedpeopleseemtoburnthesamenumberofcaloriesasthewell-rested,buttheyconsumeabout300morecaloriesaday.Giventhatittakesjust3,500caloriestoaddapoundtoyourbody,thosecaloriescanquicklyturnintoextraweight.

well-rested休息充分的

giventhat只要是，考虑到；假定，已知

turninto转变为；变成

Butthereareseveralotherreasonsthatsleeplosscouldleadtoweightgain,sayssleepdisorderspecialistMichaelBreus.Whenwegettoolittleshut-eye,ourmetabolismslowsdowntoconserveenergy.Thatslowdowntriggersthereleaseofthehormonecortisol,whichincreasesappetite.Yourbodythinksitneedsmoreenergy,soitasksformorefood.

metabolismn.新陈代谢

triggerv.引发；引起

appetiten.食欲；胃口

Inaviciouscycle,sleeplossalsocausesourbodiestoreleasemoreghrelin,anotherhormonethatsignalshunger,andlessleptin,thehormonethattellsyourstomachthatit’sfull.Withyourhormonesoff-kilter,yourbodywantsmorefoodandlacksthesensitivitytoknowwhentostopeating.Nottomentionthatbeingawakemorehoursgivesyoumoretimetosnack.

viciouscycle恶性循环

nottomention更不用说；更别提

“Thelateryou’reupatnight,thegreaterthelikelihoodthatyou’regoingtoeat,”Breussays.And“you’remorelikelytoeathigh-fat,high-carbfoods.”

likelihoodn.可能性；可能

OneothercontributingfactortosuchweightgainisthatthebodyburnsthemostcaloriesduringREMsleep,adeeplyrestfulphase.AndlesssleepmeanslesstimeinREM.

Foroptimalhealth,expertssayyoushouldtrytoget7.5hoursofsleepanight.Ifyouhavetroublesleeping,sticktoanightlyroutine,exerciseduringtheday,banishworriestoajournal,andkeeppre-bedtimeactivitiesrelaxing.

optimaladj.最佳的；最理想的

stickto坚持

banishv.放逐；驱逐

（17）：

保持大脑年轻化的七种方法

1.MoveIt

Quick—what’stheNo.1thingyoucandoforyourbrain’shealth?

Differentialcalculus,yousay?

Chess?

Chaostheory?

Nope,thebestbrainsharpenermaybe…sneakers?

Yup.Oncethey’reonyourfeet,youcanpumpupyourheartrate.“ThebestadviceIcangivetokeepyourbrainhealthyandyoungisaerobicexercise,”saysDonaldStuss,PhD,aneuropsychologistanddirectoroftheRotmanResearchInstituteatBaycrestCentreforGeriatricCareinToronto.

differentialcalculus[数]微积分；微分学

chaostheory混沌理论

pumpup给……打气；加速

aerobicexercise有氧运动

MarkMcDaniel,PhD,professorofpsychologyatWashingtonUniversityinSt.Louis,agrees,butadds,“Iwouldsuggestacombinedprogramofaerobicsandweighttraining.Studiesshowthebestoutcomesforthoseengagedinbothtypesofexercise.”

Asweage,ourbraincells,calledneurons,losethetree-branch-likeconnectionsbetweenthem.Theseconnections,orsynapses,areessentialtothought.Quiteliterally,overtime,ourbrainslosetheirheft.Perhapsthemoststrikingbrainresearchtodayisthestrongevidencewenowhavethat“exercisemayforestallsomekindsofmentaldecline,”notesMcDaniel.Itmayevenrestorememory.Myriadanimalstudieshaveshownthat,amongotherbrainbenefits,aerobicexerciseincreasescapillarydevelopmentinthebrain,meaningmorebloodsupply,morenutrientsand—abigrequirementforbrainhealth—moreoxygen.

forestallv.垄断；预先阻止

mentaldecline智力下降

Thepreeminentexerciseandbrain-healthresearcherinhumansisArthurKramerattheUniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaign.Inadozenstudiesoverthepastfewyears,withtitlessuchas“AerobicFitnessReducesBrainTissueLossinAgingHumans,”Kramerandhiscolleagueshaveprovedtwocriticalfindings:

Fitpeoplehavesharperbrains,andpeoplewhoareoutofshape,butthengetintoshape,sharpenuptheirbrains.Thissecondfindingis