高中英语记叙文阅读专项训练.docx
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高中英语记叙文阅读专项训练
♫记叙文阅读
▼“八字诀”：
综观理脉检索整合
一、综观——握要。
首先着眼于文章的整体，注意理清内部的相互关系，从宏观上居高临下地驾驭文章，领会文章的主旨内涵。
其次还要看文章的作者、写作时间和文后的注释等，特别要浏览一下后面问了哪些问题，从题目的选项中揣测文章的主旨，明确作者的主要写作意图。
二、理脉——分层。
磨刀不误砍柴功。
把握了全篇的主旨，理清了文章的脉络，再解答后面的问题，就如顺风行船，事半功倍。
可是有些考生不在这方面下功夫，走马观花地看一遍文章，似懂非懂，就急于解答后面的问题，结果是欲速则不达，不仅费时费力，还容易答错。
三、检索——筛选。
先看题目涉及到文中哪些段落或区域，确定对应的语句，题目一般是从选文里有可能被考生忽略且又不一定真懂的地方抽出来编成各种形式的问题，用来考查学生的理解能力。
答案要从选文里找，准确抓住关键语句。
只要认真揣摩上下文意，大多数题目的答案在原文中是能够“抠”出来的。
四、整合——审查。
应注意几点答题要求：
1、看是否要用自己的话；2、看要求是否有字数限制（没有要求在简练的基础上多多益善）；3、注意表述的范围、角度和方式，用规范的语言表达。
▼要求能力
1、理解语篇主旨大意
2、理解文章具体信息
3、根据上下文推断生词的词义
4、作出简单判断和推理
5、理解文章的基本结构
6、理解作者的观点、意图和态度
▼题型动态
1、主旨大意题
2、细节理解题
3、词义判断题
4、推断题
5、观点态度题
●▓主旨大意题
文章主旨给出的四种形式:
文首,文中,文尾,没有明确主旨,需总结.
虽然作者表达主题思想的方式不同，但命题常用的提问方式有以下几种：
What’sthemainidea/subject/topicofthepassage?
Themainideaofthepassageis…
★Thepassageismainlyabout_____.
Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?
Thebesttitleforthepassageis/mightbe____.
Theauthor’smainpurposeofwritingthispassageis____.
★做题要领：
文章主旨通常会出现在文首,文中或文尾，因此寻找主题句或主题段往往是做好此类题的关键。
但当文中没有直接出现主题句，应对文章意思全面理解后归纳概括主旨，但不能太笼统即不切主题,言过其实或以偏概全。
【练一练】
Ifyouwereplanningtobuyatelevisionset,thefollowingadvertisementwouldcertainlyattractyourattention:
"ColorTV,only$79.Two-daysale.Hurry."However,whenyougotothestorereadytobuy,youmaydiscoverthattheadvertisedsetsaresoldout.Butthesalesmanisquicktoreassureyouthathehasanothermodel,amorereliablesetwhichis"justrightforyou."Itcosts$359.Thissalestacticiscalled"baitandswitch."Buyersarebaitedwithasalesoffer,andthentheyareswitchedtoanothermorecostlyitem.Buyingitemsonsalerequirescarefulconsiderationofthemerchandise（商品）andthereasonsforthesale.
►Whichsentencebestexpressesthemainidea?
A）Thecustomermustbeonhisguardwhenpurchasingitemsonsale.
B）Colortelevisionsetswhichsellfor$79aresoldoutquickly.
C）Manystoresusethe"baitandswitch"techniquetoattractcustomers.
D）Anyoneplanningtobuyatelevisionsetshouldlookforasale.
【练一练】
Aftercompletinghiscollegestudies,LarryBirdbeganplayingprofessionalbasketballfortheHustonCeltics.HeremainedwiththeCelticsforallhisprofessionalcareer.Duringthose13years,LarryBirdwasnamedtheMostValuablePlayeroftheyearthreetimes.Hescoredmorethan21,000points,andheplayedin13ofthehighestscoringgamesinhisteam’shistory.Oncehescored60pointsinjustonegame.
►ThemainideaofthesecondparagraphisthatLarryBird_____.
A.wasthenamedtheMostValuablePlayeroftheYear
B.wasstrongandtall
C.wasgoodatshootingbaskets
D.wastheoldestplayeroftheteam
●▓细节理解题
这类题目是针对文章的具体事实和细节而出,因此通常能在文章中直接或间接地找到答案.此类要求查找重要事实和细节的试题通常以下列形式提出：
Whichofthefollowingstatementsis（not）trueaccordingtothepassage?
Whichofthefollowingis（not）discussed/Mentionedinthepassage?
★Accordingtothepassage,what/where/
Which/who/why/when/how…?
Allofthefollowingare（not）true/mentioned/discussedexcept_________.
Howdoestheauthor/writerfeelabout___?
【练一练】
（07年高考北京卷）Lyinginthesunonarock,thecougar（美洲狮）sawJebandhisson,Tom,beforetheysawit.Jebputhisbagdownquicklyandpulledhisjacketopenwithbothhands,makinghimselflookbigtothecougar.Itworked.Thecougarhesitated,readytoattackkJeb,butreadytoforgetthewholething,too.
►WhydidJebpullhisjacketopenwhenhesawthecougar?
A.Togetreadytofight.B.Tofrightenitaway.
C.Toprotecttheboy.D.Tocooldown.
【练一练】
（07高考天津卷）ThecityofRomehaspassedanewlawtopreventcrueltytoanimals.Allgoldfishbowlsarenolongerallowedanddogownersmustwalktheirdogs.
Thiscomesafteranationallawwaspassedtogiveprisonsentencestopeoplewhodesertcatsordogs.
“Thecivilizationofacitycanbemeasuredbythis.”saidMonicacarina,thecouncilor（议员）behindthenewlaw.
►PeopleinRomebelievethatthecivilizationofacitycanbejudgedbyits____.
A.exchangeswithothercities
B.protectionforancientruins
C.awarenessofanimalprotection
D.recognitionofanimallover
●▓词义／语义判断题
这类考题常见的提问方式有以下几种：
Accordingtotheauthor,theunderlinedword”…”means____.
Fromthepassage,wecaninferthattheword”…”is___.
★“…”canbebestreplacedby___.
Whatdoestheauthorprobablymeanby”…”?
By”…”,theauthormeansthat___
★做题要领
做此类题时，应在文中找线索或信息词。
根据上下文判断新词汇在特定句中确切意思
根据周围熟悉的词及语义判断新单词之意，有时还需依靠构词法。
【练一练】
（07年高考全国卷）BorninChicagoin1902,broughtupandschooledinNebraska.the19-year-oldcollegegraduateRalphTylerbecamehookedonteachingwhileteachingasascienceteacherinSouthDakotaandchangedhismajorfrommedicinetoeducation.
►Thewords‘‘hookedonteaching”underlinedinParagraph2probablymean____.
A.attractedtoteachingB.tiredofteaching
C.satisfiedwithteachingD.unhappyaboutteaching
【练一练】
MostwomeninGhana——theeducatedandilliterate,theurbanandrural,theyoungandoldworktoearnanincomeinadditiontomaintainingtheirrolesashousewivesandmothers.Theirreputationforeconomicindependence,self-reliance,andhardworkiswellknownandwelldeserved（值得的）.
►Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“illiterate”?
A.repeatB.reiterated
C.uneducatedD.sick
●▓推断题
以原文内容为前提,透过现象看本质即透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思。
根据作者的观点理论客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。
推断题的常见形式：
Itcanbeinferred/concludedfromthetextthat____.
★Fromthetextweknowthat______.
Thepassageimpliesthat______.
Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillmostprobablydiscusses______.
解推断题的方法：
解推断题最主要的方法是根据语义关系推断具体细节。
【练一练】
Onedayamanwalkedintoapetshopandsaidtotheshopassistant，“Ineedtwosmallmiceandaboutfivedozenroaches（蟑螂）andtwospiders.”
“Whatdoyouneedthesethingsfor?
”theshopassistantwasverysurprised.
“Well,”repliedtheman,“I’mmovingoutofmyapartmentandthelandlordinsiststhatIshouldleavethehouseinexactlythesameconditionasIfoundit.”
►Thepassagesuggeststhatwhenthewritermovedintothehouse,itwas______.
A.verycleanB.justcleanedbythelandlord
C.tidyandcomfortableD.dirtyandfullofinsect
【练一练】
（07高考全国卷）Anyonewhocaresaboutwhatschoolsandcollegesteachandhowtheirstudentslearnwillbeinterestedinthememoir（回忆录）ofRalphW.Tyler,whoisoneofthemostfamousmeninAmericaneducation.
►WhoaremostprobablyinterestedinRalphW.Tyler’smemoir?
A.TopmanagerB.Languagelearners
C.SeriouseducatorD.Scienceorganizations
●▓观点态度题
回答这类问题应从篇章的体裁入手.一般来说,在说明文中作者的态度是客观的或中立的;在议论文中,作者的态度才会显得多种多样.可以根据阐述主题或有关主题的相关语句或词语确定作者的态度。
常见的态度词语有:
positivesupportapproval（赞同的）optimistic
★criticalnegativetolerantdisappointed
pessimistic（悲观的）indifferent（冷淡的）doubtful
Neutral（中立的）objective（客观的）
这类考题常见的提问方式有以下几种:
What’stheauthor’s/writer’sattitudeto…?
Theauthorthinks/suggests/believesthat___.
★Howdoestheauthorfeelabout…?
Whichofthefollowingwilltheauthoragree/disagreewith?
Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor’sattitudetowards…?
【练一练】
Whyisn’tyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews?
AllIreadaboutismurder,bribery（行贿）,anddeath.Frankly,Iamsickofallthisbadnews.
►Thisauthor’sattitudetowardsthenewspaperreportingisto_____.
A.complainB.apologizeC.amuseD.doubt
【练一练】
AmonthafterHurricaceKatrina,IreturnedhomeinNewOrleans.Therelaymyhouse,reducedtowaist-highrains,smellyanddirty.
Beforethetrip,I’dhadmycarfixed.Whentheofficeemployeeofthegaragewaswritingupthebill,shenoticedmyLouisianalicenseplate.“YoufromNewOrleans?
”sheasked.IsaidIwas,
“Nocharge.”Shesaid,andfirmlyshockherheadwhenIreachedformywallet.ThenextdayIwentforahaircut,andthesamethinghappened.
AsmywifewasstudyinginFlorida,wedecidedtomovethereandtriedtofindarentalhouse thatwecouldaffordwhilealsopayingoffamortgage（抵押贷款）onourruinedhouse. Welookedatmanyplaces,butnonewassatisfactory.We’dbegantoacceptthatwe’dhavetoliveinextremelyreducedcircumstancesforawhile,whenIgotaverycuriouse-mailfromaJamesKemmedyinCalifornia.He’dreadsomepiecesI’dwrittenaboutoursufferingsforstate,theonlinemagazineandwantedtogiveus（“noconditionsattached”）anewhouseacrossthelakefromNewOrleans.
Itsoundedagoodtoherreturn,butIreplied,thinkinghimforhisexceptionalgenerosity,thenwe togoback.ThentheUniversityofFloridaofferedtolethimhousetome.WhilehewanttoEnglandonhisoneyear,paidleave.Therentwasratherreasonable.Imentionedthepoet’soffertoJamesKemdedy,andthenextdayhesentacheckcoveringourentirerentforeightmonths.
Throughoutthispainfulexperience,thekindnessofstrangersbackmyfaithinhumanity.It’salmostworthlosingyouwordypossessionstoberemindedthatpeoplereallywhengivenhadachannel.
56．Thegarageemployee’sattitudetowardtheauthorwasthatof
A．unconcern B．sympathy C．doubt D．tolerance
57．WhatdoweknowaboutJamesKemnedy?
A．Hewasawrittenofanonlinemagazine.
B．HewasapoetattheUniversityofFlorida
C．Heofferedtheauthoranewhousefreeofcharge.
D．Helearnedabouttheauthor’ssufferings.
58．Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat
A．theauthor’sfamilywasinfinancialdifficulty
B．rentswerecomparativelyreasonabledespitethedisaster
C．housesweredifficulttofindinthehurricane-strickenarea
D．themortgageontheruinedhousewaspaidoffbyth
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