跨文化交际英语教程课后答案.docx
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跨文化交际英语教程课后答案
跨文化交际英语教程课后答案
【篇一:
新编跨文化交际英语教程_参考答案unit6】
tureandnonverbalcommunication
readingi
anoverviewofnonverbalcommunication
comprehensionquestions
1.canyouspeakeachofthefollowingsentencesindifferentwaystomeandifferently?
1)sheismybestfriend.
2)you?
vedonereallygoodjob.
3)comehere,please.
4)that?
sallright.
speakingthesamesentencewiththestressondifferentwordsmaymeandifferentthings.forinstance,ifthestressfallson“she”inthefirstsentence,itmeansitisshe,notyouorsomebodyelse,thatismybestfriend.butifthestressfallson“my”,itimpliesthatsheismy,notyourorsomebody?
sbestfriend.
2.speakersofbritishenglishuseloudnessonlywhentheyareangry,speakersofindianenglishuseittogetthefloor,achancetospeak.sowhenanindianspeakeristryingtogetthefloor,whatwouldthebritishspeakerthinkoftheindianandwhatwouldthebritishbehaveinresponse?
thebritishspeakermaythinkthattheindiangetsangrywithhimorbehavesrudelytowardshim,sohemaycomplainabouttheindian?
srudenessorevenreturnhisrudenessasaresponse.
3.whatdifferencesinbodylanguageusehaveyounoticedbetweenyourchineseteachersandforeignteachers?
therearereallysomedifferencesbetweenchineseteachersandforeignteachersintheiruseofbodylanguage.forinstance,chineseteachersingeneraldonotusegesturesasmuchasforeignteachersdo,andtheirfacialexpressionsoftenseemtobelessvariedthanthoseofmanyforeignteachers.
4.doyouknowanygesturesweoftenusethatmightbemisunderstoodbypeoplefromothercultures?
forexample,thewaywechinesemotiontootherstocomeovermightbemisunderstoodbypeoplefromsomewesterncountriestomeanbye-bye.
5.howdowechinesepeopleuseeyecontactincommunication?
duringaconversationbetweentwochinese,itseemsthatthespeakerandthehearerwouldusuallylookateachother(notnecessarilyintheeye)fromtimetotime.howmucheye-contactthereismaydependontherelationshipbetweenthespeakerandhearerandthesituationtheyfindthemselvesin.
6.howwillyoueyethemwhenyouarecommunicatingwithpeoplefromtheunitedstatesorpeoplefromjapan?
whiletalkingwithamericans,weshouldlookdirectlyintotheeyesofthepersonwithwhomwearetalking.however;whiletalkingwithjapanese,wearenotexpectedtolookatthemintheeyebutatapositionaroundtheadam?
sapple.
7.doyouoftensmileatothers?
whyorwhynot?
itdepends.forinstance,itseemsthatwechinese,aswellaspeopleofothereasternasiancountries,donotusuallysmileatstrangersasmuchasamericans.
8.whatfunction(s)maylaughterserveinourculture?
doesitsometimescauseinterculturalmisunderstanding?
laughterinourculturemayservevariousfunctions.sometimes,itisusedtoexpressamusementorridicule,andsometimesitissimplyusedtomakeonefeellessembarrassed.
9.doyouoftentouchotherswhiletalkingwiththem?
whomdoyoutouchmorethanothers?
wechinesegenerallydonotoftentouchotherswhiletalkingwiththemunlesstheyareourintimatefriendsoryoungerchildren.
10.insmallgroupsorinpairs,demonstrateallthepossiblewaysyoucanthinkoftogreetanotherperson.istouchingalwayspartofagreeting?
no.touchingisnotalwayspartofagreetinginourcultureasinsomeothercultures.
11.willyouapologizeifyouaccidentallytouchotherpeopleinpublicplaces?
whyorwhynot?
manypeoplewillapologizeiftheyaccidentallytouchotherpeopleinpublicplacessinceinourculturepeoplewhoarestrangerstoeachothershouldnottouch.however,whetherpeoplewillapologizeornotdependsonthesituations.ifapersonaccidentallytouchesastrangerinaverycrowdedplace,heorshemaynotapologizeforit.
readingii
genderandnonverbalcommunication
comprehensionquestions
1.whatmayoftenhappentothosewhodonotconformtotheirculture?
sacceptedgender“script”?
thereareoftenseveresocialpenaltiesforthosewhoactinviolationoftheirculture?
sacceptedgender―script.
2.doestouchhaveanyconnotationindifferentsituations?
canyougivesomespecificexamples?
touch,likephysicalcloseness,maybeconsideredanexpressionofaffection,support,orsexualattraction.forinstance,insomecultures,itmaybeallrightforwomenfriendsandrelativestowalkarm-in-arm,dancetogether,andhugoneanother,butifmendoso,theymaybefrownedupon,foritwouldbeconsideredashavingtheconnotationofbeinghomosexual.
3.whatwillpossiblyhappentoawomanwhoisappreciablytallerthantheman?
tallerwomenmayattempttodiminishthemselves,toslouchandroundtheirshoulderssoastoretreatortooccupyaslittlespaceaspossible.
4.aremenandwomenrequiredtohavethesamefacialexpressions?
doessmilemeanthesamethingstobothmenandwomen?
menandwomenarenotusuallyrequiredtohavethesamefacialexpressions.smilemaymeandifferentthingstomenandwomen.forfemalessmilefunctionsasanexpressionofpleasure,pleasantness,oradesireforapproval,whilemalesmayresistanynonverbaldisplayofexpressiontoothersinordertoappearmoremasculine,becausebeingfaciallyexpressiveisoftenseenasamarkerof―femininity.
5.whyaretheafrican-americanwomenlessdeferentialthanwhitewomenandlessinclinedtosmile?
african-americanwomenarefoundtobelessdeferentialthanwhitewomenand,therefore,lessinclinedtosmile,simplybecauseitisexpectedofthemtobesointheirculture.
6.inwhatwaysmaydirecteyecontactbetweenindividualsbeinterpreted?
lookingdirectlyintoanotherperson?
seyescanconnoteanaggressivethreat,asexualinvitation,oradesireforhonestandopencommunication.
7.whatwasfoundinastudyofnonverbalcommunicationamonghispaniccouples?
inastudyofnonverbalcommunicationamonghispaniccouples,itwasfoundthatmanypuertoricanwivesneverlookeddirectlyattheirhusbands.
8.howdoesclothingmanifestandpromoteculturaldefinitionsofmasculinityandfemininity?
throughclothingandmake-up,thebodyismoreorlessmarked,constitutedasanappropriate,or,asthecasemaybe,inappropriatebodyforitsculturalrequirements.malesandfemaleshavetodressthemselvesappropriatelyaccordingtotheirculturaldefinitionsofmasculinityandfemininity.
casestudy
case21
sometimesourbestintentionscanleadtobreakdowns(故障)incross-culturalcommunication.forexample,oneoftheverycommonmannersoftouching---handshaking---mayresultinconflictwhenperformedwithnoconsiderationofculturaldifferences.amongmiddle-classnorthamericanmen,itiscustomarytoshakehandsasagestureoffriendship.whenwantingtocommunicateextrafriendliness,amaleintheunitedstatesmay,whileshakinghands,graspwithhislefthandhisfriend?
srightarm.however,topeopleofmiddleeasterncountries,thelefthandisprofane(亵渎的)andtouchingsomeonewithitishighlyoffensive.therefore,invernon?
seyes,kennethwasactuallyanextremelyoffensivemessagetohim.
case22
inpuertoricanculture,asinsomeotherlatinamericanandeasterncultures,itisnotrightforachildtokeepaneye-contactwithanadultwhoisaccusinghimorher,whileintheunitedstates,failingofmeetingotherperson?
seyeaccusinghimorherwouldbetakenasasignofguiltiness.astheprincipalknewlittleaboutthisculturaldifferenceinusingeye-contact,hedecidedthatthegirlmustbeguilty.generallyspeaking,avoidingeye-contactwiththeother(s)isoftenconsideredasaninsultinsomecultures,butmaysignifyrespectforauthorityandobedienceinothercultures.
case23
justlikesmile,laughingdoesnotalwaysservethesamefunctionindifferentcultures.
interestingly,foruschinese,laughingoftenhasaspecialfunctiononsometensesocialoccasions.peoplemaylaughtoreleasethetensionorembarrassment,toexpresstheirconcernaboutyou,theirintentiontoputyouateaseortohelpyoucomeoutoftheembarrassment.inthiscase,thepeopletherewereactuallywishingtolaughwiththeamericanratherthanlaughather.theirlaughingseemedtoconveyanumberofmessages:
don?
ttakeitsoseriously;laughitoff,it?
snothing;suchthingscanhappentoanyofus,etc.unfortunatelytheamericanwasunawareofthis.shethoughttheywerelaughingather,whichmadeherfeelmorebadlyandangry,forinherculturelaughingonsuchanoccasionwouldbeinterpretedasaninsultingresponse,humiliatingandnegative.
case24
itisobviousthatthereexistssomedifferencebetweenthebritishandgermansintheiruseoftouch.thelackoftouchthatseemstobenaturalinbritainmaybeconsideredstrangebygermans.whatisrequired(inthiscase,shakinghandswitheachother)inonecountrycouldbetakenasunnecessaryinanother.
theappropriatenessofcontactbetweenpeoplevariesfromcountrytocountry.figuresfromastudyoffersomeinterestinginsightintothismatter.pairsofindividualssittingandchattingincollegeshopsindifferentcountrieswereobservedforatleastonehoureach.thenumberoftimesthateitheronetouchedtheotherinthatonehourwasrecorded,asfollows:
inlondon,0;inflorida,2;inparis,10;inpuertorico,180.thesefiguresindicatethattouchisusedverydifferentlyindifferentcultures.
【篇二:
新编跨文化交际英语教程答案详解】
很显然,文化间以及亚文化间的交往比以前多了,这迫切要求我们共同努力,去理解有着不同信仰和文化背景的人们,并与之和睦相处。
通过加深认识和理解,我们能够与生活方式、价值观念不同的人们和平共处;这不但有益于我们周遭环境的安定,也是维护世界和平的决定性因素。
2translation
文化有时候被称为我们的心智程序,我们“头脑的软件”。
但是,我们可以进一步引申这个用电脑所做的类比,把文化看作是支持运行的操作环境。
文化就像电脑使用的dos或者unix或者“视窗”(windows)等操作系统一样,使我们能在各种各样的实际应用中处理信息。
用“视窗